General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out in the Party’s Report to the 20th CPC National Congress: "High-quality development is the primary task of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way." The Central Economic Work Conference held a few days ago put forward: "We must adhere to high-quality development as the last word in the new era." At the theoretical symposium on "Promoting High-quality Development on a New Journey" sponsored by People’s Daily and jiangsu provincial party committee of the Communist Party of China, and hosted by Jiangsu Supreme Leader Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought Research Center for a New Era and the Propaganda Department of jiangsu provincial party committee of the Communist Party of China, participants thoroughly studied and implemented Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in a New Era, and conducted in-depth discussions on the theme of promoting high-quality development on a new journey. Today, a summary of some participants’ speeches is published.
— — Editor
Promote the high-quality development of the population
Ma Jiantang, member of the Standing Committee of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and deputy director of the Economic Committee.
China has a population of more than 1.4 billion, and the population problem has always been an overall, long-term and strategic problem facing China. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "Population development is a major event related to the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. We must focus on improving the overall quality of the population and support Chinese modernization with high-quality population development." After the founding of New China, China conducted seven population censuses and obtained a large number of detailed demographic data, which played an important role in formulating economic and social development policies and population policies for the party and the state.
In recent years, there have been some remarkable changes in China’s population development, not only facing the pressure of large population, but also showing the trend characteristics of declining birthrate, aging and regional population growth and differentiation. Therefore, it is necessary to fully understand and correctly treat the new situation of China’s population development. We should focus on the strategic arrangement of building a strong country and national rejuvenation, improve the population development strategy in the new era, understand, adapt and lead the new normal of population development, focus on improving the overall quality of the population, strive to maintain a moderate fertility level and population size, accelerate the shaping of modern human resources with excellent quality, abundant total quantity, optimized structure and reasonable distribution, and support Chinese modernization with high-quality population development.
Optimize the birth policy. Optimizing the birth policy and promoting the long-term balanced development of the population are conducive to improving the population structure, maintaining the endowment advantage of human resources and providing strong support for high-quality development. The Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Optimizing the Birth Policy to Promote the Long-term Balanced Development of the Population proposes to build a human assisted reproductive technology service system with balanced supply and demand and reasonable layout; Strengthen the supervision of human assisted reproductive technology services and strictly regulate the application of related technologies. It is necessary to continue to strengthen the protection of maternity insurance for maternity medical expenses and maternity allowances for insured female workers, do a good job in ensuring maternity medical expenses for urban and rural residents insured by medical insurance, and reduce the burden of maternity medical expenses. Strictly implement maternity leave, breastfeeding leave and other systems. Promote the governance of supporting kindergartens in urban communities, continuously improve the coverage rate of inclusive kindergartens, appropriately extend the length of stay in the park or provide custody services, and encourage and support qualified kindergartens to recruit children aged 2 to 3.
Expand the population quality dividend. For a long time to come, the basic national conditions of our country with a large population will not be fundamentally changed, and the rich human resources remain our country’s outstanding advantages. At the same time, improving the overall quality of the population and expanding the population quality dividend are important contents to promote the high-quality development of the population. It is necessary to increase the investment in human capital, and strengthen on-the-job training by improving the lifelong vocational skills training system, enhancing the supply capacity of vocational skills training, improving the quality of vocational skills training, and strengthening the standardization of vocational skills training. According to the principles of small-step adjustment, flexible implementation, classified promotion and overall consideration, the legal retirement age will be gradually delayed. Support the re-employment of "silver-haired people", combine a sense of worthiness with a sense of security for the elderly, and explore a flexible employment model suitable for the elderly in schools, hospitals and other units, community domestic service, public place service management and other industries; Encourage all localities to establish an information base for elderly talents, and provide employment introduction, vocational skills training and innovation and entrepreneurship guidance services for the elderly who are willing to work.
Develop the cause and industry of providing for the aged. This is conducive to meeting the growing multi-level, high-quality and healthy needs of the elderly. Accelerate the development of a multi-level and multi-pillar old-age insurance system, continuously expand the coverage of basic old-age insurance, realize the national overall planning of basic old-age insurance for enterprise employees as soon as possible, promote and standardize the development of the third pillar old-age insurance, and support commercial insurance institutions to develop commercial old-age insurance and health insurance suitable for the elderly. Consolidate the basic position of family pension, actively develop services such as community pension close to demand, and standardize the development of pension in middle and high-end institutions. Support qualified places to carry out home aging transformation for the families of the elderly, disabled and disabled people who are scattered to support the poor, and equip them with facilities and equipment such as assistive devices and anti-loss devices. Support the research and development and production of old-age equipment and furniture.
Promote common prosperity of economy and culture
Hong Yinxing, former Party Secretary of Nanjing University.
General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "Where the culture is developed, the economy is still ahead." Culture and economy blend, promote and complement each other. The regional economy represented by Suzhou and Hangzhou is developed and the culture is prosperous. It is of great significance for us to study the humanistic economics contained in it for promoting the common prosperity of economy and culture and promoting the coordination between material civilization and spiritual civilization in the process of Chinese modernization.
Chinese modernization is a modernization in which material civilization and spiritual civilization are in harmony. Material poverty is not socialism, nor is spiritual poverty socialism. Material wealth and spiritual wealth are the fundamental requirements of socialist modernization. Chinese modernization should be rich in material wealth, spiritual wealth and self-confidence in ideology and culture. Chinese civilization has a long history, and the long history of more than 5,000 years has formed a profound cultural heritage and historical accumulation. We are fully qualified to promote high-quality economic development, give full play to the advantages of Chinese excellent traditional culture, promote the creative transformation and innovative development of Chinese excellent traditional culture, develop a national, scientific and popular socialist culture facing modernization, the world and the future, and promote common economic and cultural prosperity.
To promote the common prosperity of economy and culture, we should give full play to the supporting role of culture in economic development. The first is to carry forward the entrepreneurial culture that dares to take social responsibility. Entrepreneur culture includes not only innovation culture, but also social responsibility culture. For example, while setting up industry, Zhang Jian actively set up education and social welfare undertakings, benefiting the countryside and helping the masses, which has far-reaching influence and is a model of national entrepreneurs and patriotic entrepreneurs in China. In the process of Chinese-style modernization, it is necessary to carry forward this entrepreneurial culture that dares to assume social responsibilities and cultivate entrepreneurs with feelings of home and country. The second is to carry forward the traditional Chinese virtues. Chinese traditional virtue is the essence of Chinese culture and contains rich ideological and moral resources. It is necessary to strengthen the construction of family education style, promote moral integrity, observe public morality and be strict with private morality, and improve people’s moral standards and civilized quality. The third is to build a business environment of mutual trust. The socialist market economy is a credit economy, and mutual trust is a rare social capital. Carrying forward the culture of honesty and creating a business environment of mutual trust is conducive to improving the efficiency of implementing contract norms, maintaining market order, and thus reducing transaction costs. We should carry forward the culture of honesty and improve the long-term mechanism of honesty and credit construction. The fourth is to promote the modernization of people’s ideas. An important reason why the Chinese nation can stand in the world as the most prosperous and powerful civilization in a long historical period is that Chinese civilization has outstanding innovation. To promote Chinese-style modernization, we need to be brave in innovation on the basis of integrity, break through the obstacles and constraints of traditional ideas, boldly explore in practice, and promote the development of our cause through reform and innovation.
To promote the common prosperity of economy and culture, we should increase the supply of culture while promoting economic development, adopt effective economic methods to support cultural prosperity, improve the modern public cultural service system, and launch more excellent works to enhance people’s spiritual strength. We should make full use of modern technological means to show the world a true, three-dimensional and comprehensive China through various cultural carriers such as film and television works, sports brands, books and periodicals, and enhance the spread and influence of Chinese culture. It is necessary to conform to the new round of scientific and technological revolution and the trend of industrial transformation, improve the education system that serves lifelong learning for the whole people, encourage and guide workers to develop a lifelong learning lifestyle, strengthen the endogenous motivation of lifelong learning, strive to bridge the "digital divide", constantly update their knowledge structure, become all-round people, and improve their employability under modern conditions.
Strengthening regional coordination to support high-quality development
Fan Hengshan, former deputy secretary general of the National Development and Reform Commission.
High-quality development is the primary task of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way and the development that embodies the new development concept. Promoting high-quality development is an inevitable requirement to adapt to the changes of major social contradictions in China and solve the problem of insufficient development imbalance. It is necessary to narrow the gap between urban and rural development and form a new type of relationship between workers and peasants, which is mutually reinforcing, complementary, coordinated and prosperous. It is necessary to ensure people’s equal participation and equal development rights and promote the equalization of basic public services.
Promoting regional coordinated development is an important part of promoting high-quality development. Promoting regional coordinated development is conducive to gathering and integrating superior resource elements to the maximum extent, realizing collaborative innovation, improving the ability to attack key core technologies, and promoting the upgrading of industrial base and the modernization of industrial chain with powerful scientific and technological innovation; It is conducive to orderly development based on the carrying capacity of resources and environment, promoting coordinated development, integrated protection and linkage management of production and life ecology, optimizing regional economic layout and land space development and protection pattern, and realizing harmonious coexistence between man and nature; It is conducive to unblocking the path of regional cooperation, optimizing the layout of regional opening, giving play to regional comparative advantages, improving the business environment, and making more effective use of domestic and international markets and resources; It is conducive to promoting the complementarity of resource elements between regions, the docking of institutional mechanisms, improving the overall development level of the region, and promoting the full coverage of basic public services across regions and the sharing of development results by the whole people.
On the new journey, to promote regional coordinated development, we should thoroughly implement the spirit of the 20th Party Congress, the strategy of regional coordinated development, major regional strategies, the strategy of main functional areas, and the strategy of new urbanization, so as to push regional coordinated development to a new level and present a new atmosphere. The first is to promote special types of areas to overcome difficulties and revitalize development. Pay close attention to some poverty-stricken areas, old revolutionary base areas, border areas, ecologically degraded areas, resource-based areas, old industrial cities, etc., proceed from the reality of these areas, develop characteristic industries according to local conditions, accelerate the construction of a modern industrial system, and at the same time support and guide their services and integrate them into major national strategies to enhance their sustainable development capabilities. The second is to promote the coordinated development of cooperation in administrative border areas. By strengthening the cooperation and linkage between these areas, such as jointly establishing economic zones, promoting the integrated development of important fields, and cooperating in the construction of major projects, we can promote the rational division of labor and complement each other’s advantages. The third is to strengthen the radiation-driven function of urban agglomerations and metropolitan areas to surrounding areas. According to the development level and comparative advantage of each city, further clarify the functional orientation and establish the development focus; Promote the integrated development and coordinated linkage between central cities and surrounding cities, eliminate market barriers and optimize regional division of labor; Carry out unified urban and rural planning and construction to achieve coordinated development of the whole region. The fourth is to improve the institutional arrangements for promoting common prosperity. We will build basic institutional arrangements for the coordination of primary distribution, redistribution and tertiary distribution, increase the proportion of labor remuneration in primary distribution, break the dual structure of urban and rural areas, and improve the system and mechanism of urban-rural integration development.The fifth is to promote the coordinated development of major national regional strategies. Encourage all localities to take the initiative to serve major national strategies, and promote different regions to replicate and apply good institutional measures such as rules, regulations, management and standards through co-construction of characteristic platforms. Sixth, focus on building a more effective new mechanism for regional coordinated development. Further improve the regional planning implementation mechanism and inter-regional interest compensation mechanism, establish and improve the laws and regulations system for regional coordinated development, promote the balance and coordination of interests among regions, and promote the deepening of cooperation and linkage among regions based on complementary advantages and sustainable development.
Enlarging beneficial investment and improving total factor productivity
Huang Hanquan, Dean of China Macroeconomic Research Institute.
To promote China’s economy to achieve effective improvement in quality and reasonable growth in quantity, it is necessary to continuously improve the total factor productivity. The improvement of total factor productivity mainly comes from scientific and technological innovation and efficiency improvement, which needs to rely on investment.
China is still in the primary stage of socialism, and it is the largest developing country in the world, and there is much room for investment growth. For example, to seize the opportunity of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, accelerate the implementation of innovation-driven development strategy, and realize high-level scientific and technological self-reliance, it is necessary to increase investment in scientific and technological innovation; Actively responding to the reconstruction of global industrial chain and building a modern industrial system requires increasing investment in industrial transformation and upgrading; To solve the problem of insufficient development imbalance and improve people’s quality of life, it is necessary to expand investment in social and livelihood areas and strive to improve the level of people’s livelihood services such as education and culture, medical and health care, and care for the elderly; To build a new development pattern, cultivate a complete domestic demand system and form a virtuous circle of mutual promotion between consumption and investment, it is necessary to carry out investment activities around promoting consumption and smooth circulation; Optimizing the layout, structure, function and development mode of infrastructure and building a modern infrastructure system can expand the investment space for high-quality development of infrastructure. To sum up, to achieve high-quality development, it is necessary to give full play to the key role of investment in optimizing the supply structure.
At present and in the future, we can focus on the following aspects to find the right investment focus and expand effective investment. The first is to increase innovation-driven investment. Increase investment in disruptive technologies, cutting-edge technologies and key core technologies, expand investment in basic capabilities, promote investment in the construction of major scientific and technological innovation platforms, support investment in strategic emerging industries and future industries, develop new quality productivity, and cultivate new kinetic energy for high-quality development. The second is to increase industrial upgrading investment. Focusing on vigorously promoting new industrialization, grasping the general trend of the development of digital economy and artificial intelligence, and combining the high-end, intelligent and green transformation of traditional industries, we will increase investment in the fields of digital economy, artificial intelligence, green and low carbon, industrial safety, and enhance the resilience, competitiveness and safety level of the industrial chain supply chain. The third is to increase investment in improving people’s livelihood. Adapt to the changes of major social contradictions in China, increase investment in education, culture, health care, care and old-age care, steadily promote the transformation of urban villages in megacities, increase investment in affordable housing, and enhance people’s sense of acquisition, happiness and security. The fourth is to increase consumption-promoting investment, identify the combination point of investment and consumption, increase investment in consumer infrastructure to supplement short-board investment, expand investment in improving consumer service functions, and increase investment in innovative consumption scenarios to achieve positive interaction between investment and consumption. Fifth, increase investment in infrastructure upgrading, adapt to the requirements of China’s socialist modernization, make overall plans to promote the upgrading and upgrading of traditional infrastructure and the construction of new infrastructure, and expand investment in major projects in the fields of transportation, energy and water conservancy.Expand investment in clean energy infrastructure, expand investment in new infrastructure construction, and build a modern infrastructure system.
Leading the construction of modern industrial system with scientific and technological innovation
Zhao Changwen, Dean of National Development Research Institute of Sun Yat-sen University.
Modern industrial system is the material and technical foundation of modern countries. Accelerating the construction of a modern industrial system supported by the real economy is related to whether China can win the strategic initiative in future development and international competition.
Building a modern industrial system should be supported by the real economy. Chinese-style modernization can’t be divorced from reality, so we must speed up the construction of a modern industrial system supported by the real economy and provide strong material support for realizing the goal of the second century. It is necessary to promote the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, continuously enhance their competitiveness, accelerate the development of strategic emerging industries and future industries, foster new development momentum and enhance new competitive advantages. To build a modern industrial system, we need to grasp the wave of new scientific and technological revolutions such as artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence is an important driving force for the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation. It is necessary to seize the opportunity of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation such as artificial intelligence, maintain and enhance the advantages of complete industrial system and strong supporting ability, efficiently gather global innovation elements, promote industrial intelligence, greening and integration, and build a modern industrial system with integrity, advancement and safety. To build a modern industrial system, it is necessary to adapt to the requirements of harmonious coexistence between man and nature. Chinese modernization is the modernization of harmonious coexistence between man and nature, and green is the background of high-quality development. Promoting the overall green and low-carbon economic and social transformation will force green technology progress and industrial upgrading, provide new opportunities for China to cultivate industrial competitive advantages and provide new impetus for China to build a modern industrial system.
Science and technology are the primary productive forces, and innovation is the primary driving force. In the fierce international competition, we have to open up new fields and new tracks, shape new development momentum and new advantages, and fundamentally rely on scientific and technological innovation. Building a modern industrial system must be guided by scientific and technological innovation. We must lay a solid foundation for development. Give full play to the advantages of China’s ultra-large-scale market, dilute the cost of scientific and technological innovation, and promote the commercialization and market-oriented application of innovation results faster; Strengthen the construction of new infrastructure to provide solid support for the transformation and application of innovation achievements. We should improve the institutional environment conducive to scientific and technological innovation. Improve the incentive policy for the transformation of achievements, so that scientific and technological personnel can get reasonable returns in innovation activities, reflect the innovation value through the application of achievements, and create wealth through the transformation of achievements; Strengthen financial support for scientific and technological innovation, deepen the structural reform of financial supply side, and promote the improvement of technology and finance’s all-round and multi-level service system including credit, bonds, stocks, insurance, venture capital and financing guarantee. We should actively promote industrial policy innovation. Keep pace with the times, improve industrial policies in the new development stage, strengthen the top-level design of strategic areas, enhance the synergy of industrial policies, and build a long-term mechanism conducive to scientific and technological innovation and modern industrial system construction.
Accelerate the realization of high-level science and technology self-reliance and self-improvement
Liu Dongmei, Party Secretary of China Academy of Science and Technology Development Strategy
Accelerating the realization of high-level scientific and technological self-reliance is the only way to promote high-quality development. Without a solid material and technological foundation, it is impossible to build a socialist modernization power in an all-round way. Judging from the modernization process of major developed countries in the world, innovation has always been an inexhaustible motive force for the development of a country and a nation, and it is the key to improving productivity. Today, the world is experiencing a great change that has never happened in a century. The international system and international order are deeply adjusted, and a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation are developing in depth. Strengthening scientific and technological innovation and accelerating the realization of high-level scientific and technological self-reliance can provide new growth space and important support for building a new development pattern and promoting high-quality development.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, China has thoroughly implemented the strategy of innovation-driven development and given full play to the driving role of scientific and technological innovation in economic and social development. Scientific and technological innovation has made historic achievements and entered the ranks of innovative countries. The R&D expenditure intensity of the whole society increased from 1.91% in 2012 to 2.44% in 2021, and the R&D expenditure of the whole society increased from 1.03 trillion yuan to 2.79 trillion yuan. In 2022, the R&D expenditure of the whole society in China exceeded 3 trillion yuan for the first time, and the R&D expenditure intensity reached 2.54%. The total number of R&D personnel has ranked first in the world for many years. In the ranking of global innovation index released by the World Intellectual Property Organization, China rose from 34th to 12th.
Taking scientific and technological innovation as the leading factor, accelerating the formation of new quality productive forces and leading the transformation of new technologies into new industries are the practical needs for China to achieve high-quality development. This requires us to actively adapt to the development trend of digital economy, promote comprehensive innovation with scientific and technological innovation as the core, realize high-quality talents, multi-dimensional innovation and strategic emerging industries, and support and lead high-quality development. It is necessary to strengthen the overall development of education, science and technology and talents. Deepen the reform of the education system, promote the close connection between the education system and the demand for scientific and technological talents, and establish a long-term mechanism for high-level research universities, national scientific research institutions and high-level innovative talents to undertake major national scientific and technological tasks. Promote the original innovation, integrated innovation, open innovation, integrated design and effective integration. Guided by the national strategic needs, we will build a synergy mechanism for national strategic scientific and technological forces, actively integrate into the global innovation network, and carry out multi-level and wide-ranging scientific and technological exchanges and cooperation with major innovative countries in the world. Vigorously develop strategic emerging industries and future industries. In the frontier scientific and technological fields such as brain-like intelligence, quantum information, genetic technology and future network, we will organize and implement the future industry incubation and acceleration plan, and plan and lay out a number of future industries.
Promote the coordinated transformation of digital and green industries.
Wang Shouyang, Director of Prediction Science Research Center of China Academy of Sciences.
Promoting the coordinated transformation of digital and green industries is an important trend in the evolution of global industrial structure and an inherent requirement for achieving high-quality development. The first meeting of the 20th Central Financial and Economic Committee emphasized "promoting industrial intelligence, greening and integration, and building a modern industrial system with integrity, advancement and safety", which pointed out the direction for the construction of China’s modern industrial system.
To promote the coordinated transformation of industry digitalization and greening, we need to deeply understand the relationship between digitalization and greening. Green development of digital empowerment industry. The wide application of digital technologies such as big data and artificial intelligence can provide strong support for the intelligent and green transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, and improve the efficiency of resource allocation with the flow of data and knowledge; It can promote the innovation of new energy and green technology and help the low-carbon transformation of energy structure. Greening leads the direction of digital development. By using green advanced technology, the infrastructure such as digital sensing facilities, network base station facilities and big data center can be upgraded in a green way, which can realize the optimal utilization of resources and green smart production, and effectively improve the green development level of the industrial system. Promoting the integration of digital technology and green technology, giving full play to the amplification, superposition and multiplication of digital transformation on green development, and promoting the two-way integration of digital technology and green technology with scene application can give birth to new industries, new formats and new models, and promote the organic unity of economic benefits and ecological benefits.
To promote the construction of modern industrial system with the integration of digitalization and greening, it is necessary to strengthen the scientific and technological innovation of digitalization and greening, strengthen the basic research of digital technology and green technology, and accelerate the research and development of new technologies with the characteristics of digitalization and greening integration. It is necessary to aim at key areas to promote the integration and development of digital greening, focus on building advanced digital greening industrial clusters, adhere to the digital economy as a key increment of green and low-carbon transformation and development, and incorporate peak carbon dioxide emissions’s carbon neutrality into the overall layout of economic and social development. It is necessary to actively participate in the formulation of digital green international rules, make efforts to promote institutional openness, actively dock high-standard economic and trade rules such as the Digital Economy Partnership Agreement, and strengthen institutional innovation in digital trade, data management, carbon emission data collection, and low-carbon evaluation system. It is necessary to continuously optimize the business environment conducive to the integration and development of digital greening, strengthen the policy guidance for the digital greening transformation of modern agriculture, advanced manufacturing and modern service industries, cultivate a standardized data trading platform, and deepen the "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform. It is necessary to build a high-level and multi-level talent training system, formulate a multi-level talent training plan in combination with the demand structure of modern industrial development, deepen the integration of production and education, and build a training system for senior technical talents and outstanding engineers that is compatible with the modern industrial system.
