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Special feature of 1905 film network Under the blessing of new and old films, the cumulative box office of the summer file in 2023 exceeded 20 billion yuan, and there is no suspense. The new director has contributed a lot.

This summer, the newcomer directed a live-action movie, preceded by "She Disappeared", which set off the first wave of watching movies in the summer file; Later, there was "Put All Your Eggs on the Buckle" to help the box office hit a new high. Between the two films, the box office and word-of-mouth of "octagonal cage" Qi Fei. The new face of the animated film director brought two masterpieces, Three Wan Li in Chang ‘an and Tea No.2 Middle School.

"After a period of continuous exploration, a large number of young creators and practitioners who have a clear understanding of the film industry have emerged in the film market, and they will play an important role in promoting the sustainable development of China’s film industrialization." When interviewed by the media, Zhifina, a professor at the China Academy of Art, once said so. These "fresh blood" of China film market make people see more development possibilities of domestic films.

Summer file: a box office blessing for new directors

According to the mainstream cognition in the industry, a director who has made no more than three feature films can be called a newcomer director. They are a new force for the development of China films.

In recent years, the summer file has become a box office blessing for new directors. Jason Wu, Muye Wen, Wang Baoqiang, jiaozi and a number of other newcomers have made famous films, all of which were born here.

This is because the "price" of the summer ticket for the mainland film market is relatively reasonable. The industry rumor that "don’t enter the Spring Festival file without 100 million publicity fees" is enough to prove how expensive the tickets for the Spring Festival file are. However, the publicity expenses starting from 100 million yuan are often the upper limit of the production cost of many new directors’ works.

From the perspective of capital, most of the big productions that can get tickets for Spring Festival and National Day will not be given to new directors. Because there are too many uncertain factors in the market awareness and quality control ability of new directors, well-known and mature directors are the first choice for employers.

In the summer of 2023, the production cost of the new director’s explosive works "Disappeared She" and "Put All Your Eggs on One Egg" is at most medium in the industry. Wu Ershan’s "Feng Shen I" is well-dressed, and its production cost is far ahead of both.

In addition, the long span of the summer file also leaves enough time for the word-of-mouth fermentation of the new director’s works. Wang Baoqiang’s "The Octagonal Cage" was not favored by the capital at the beginning of its production, and its early screening was mediocre. However, with the large-scale and long-term continuous screening of the film, when it was officially released, the single-day box office of the film appeared many times with high-quality word of mouth.

For the new director of animated film, the box office bonus ability of summer file is beyond the reach of other golden files. During the summer vacation, students, one of the mainstream moviegoers, are on holiday, have enough time to watch movies, and there is a strong demand for watching movies from parent-child groups. This is also one of the important reasons for the frequent explosion of animated films in summer files.

In addition, the summer file is more inclusive. No matter what type and theme of big-screen works, you can find your own audience. This is also conducive to the box office performance of the new director’s works with strong author style.

For example, half of the TOP10 domestic documentary films were released in summer. Among them, Guo Ke’s novel Twenty-two is the most famous. In the summer of 2017, the national screening rate of the film was less than 2% on the premiere day. With the voluntary publicity and support of "tap water", the highest rate of film scheduling in a single day rose to 16.7%.

In addition to the summer file, the Lunar New Year file with the second longest time span has also produced many new directors’ explosive works. For example, manslaughter 1 directed by Sam Quah, Unexpectedly directed by Xiaoxing Yi, Bath Buddy, etc. It can be seen that the more time the schedule is, the more likely it is that the new director’s works will enjoy the box office bonus.

How do new directors fight for summer files?

According to statistics, in the summer of 2023, the number of new directors’ works reached more than ten, and the cumulative box office broke 10 billion yuan. The director’s feature-length debut films released in the middle and late August include I Through the Storm directed by Qin Haiyan, Learning Dad directed by Su Liang and The Last Truth directed by Li Taige.

Through combing, it can be found that in the works directed by newcomers in the summer of 2023, works based on real events are more likely to explode. This phenomenon was not uncommon before this.

In the summer of 2018, Muye Wen’s first big-screen work, Dying to Survive, was adapted from the real life experience of a leukemia patient in China. In the end, the cumulative box office of the film reached 3.1 billion yuan, which also promoted the creative upsurge of realistic works in the market since then. The event of life, which was released in the summer of 2021, won both box office and word of mouth. This film is also the first film directed by Liu Jiangjiang.

Why do the realistic works directed by newcomers in the summer file stand out easily?

For many new directors, it is easier to tell a good story because the first film is often related to real life experiences. For example, in The Event of Life, which discusses life and death, director Liu Jiangjiang has two relatives and friends engaged in the funeral industry related to the theme of the story.

Even if there is no relevant life experience, the relevant cases in reality can provide inspiration and material for the director’s creation, making the story more solid and credible. For example, during the script writing stage of "Put all your eggs in one basket", the Olympic bid and the team interviewed many victims of online fraud, victims who were abducted overseas to participate in online fraud, and a large number of anti-fraud police and relevant technical personnel of the public security department who fought in the front line.

In addition, the works with realistic themes can arouse the discussion of social topics related to this theme and make the film information spread across circles. Rui Cui admits that the social value of the film brings more attention, "including emotional relationships, including staying away from gambling, including life choices, etc., which we hope to make the audience feel. In addition to deep empathy, there are many viewers on the Internet who do second creation based on concepts, and then have a lot of their own thinking and discussion."

Of course, the "mentoring" of the predecessors in the industry is also the escort of the new director’s work achievements. Chen Sicheng, as the producer of The Disappeared She, provided many suggestions and ideas for the filming. The bid for the Olympic Games is the signing director of the "Bad Monkey 72 Change Movie Plan" initiated by Ning Hao Company.

In terms of film types, comedies directed by new directors are also easy to become summer explosions.

For example, The Richest Man in Xihong directed by Yan Fei and Peng Damo, and monster hunt directed by Xu Chengyi. Of course, there are cases in which new directors make their mark through comedies in all major prime files. This is because comedy has just been needed by the domestic film market and has a huge audience base.

Looking back at the summer file in 2023, surprises and accidents coexist. In the future, the market and audience expect to see more excellent works directed by newcomers.

　　CCTV News:On May 19th, the State Council Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism held a press conference on international cooperation and exchange of epidemic prevention and control in COVID-19.

　　At the press conference, Wu Zunyou, chief epidemiologist of China CDC, introduced that after the COVID-19, China shared information about the epidemic with the World Health Organization and other countries on the principle of "early, quick and transparent".

　　Wu Zunyou said that "early, fast and transparent" can be summarized by three "firsts". The first "first", on January 3, when it was not clear what the pathogen caused the epidemic, China notified the World Health Organization and other countries. Second, China immediately notified the World Health Organization and relevant countries when it separated novel coronavirus as the "culprit" of this unexplained pneumonia on January 7th. The third "first", when China made clear the gene sequence of the virus, he uploaded, notified and shared it to the World Health Organization as soon as possible, and uploaded the whole gene sequence to the World Health Organization’s global shared data platform. These three firsts show that China shared information with the World Health Organization and other countries on the principle of "early, quick and transparent" at the early stage of the epidemic. Only by sharing information in a timely, open and transparent manner can the whole world cooperate and win the war in COVID-19.

　　Congratulations to those who have the word "agricultural registered permanent residence" on the household registration book!

　　Recently, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and the Ministry of Finance jointly issued the Policy of Strengthening Agriculture and Benefiting Farmers in 2019. These 37 policies include the development and circulation of agricultural production, the protection and utilization of agricultural resources, the construction of farmland, the support of agricultural scientific and technological personnel, agricultural disaster prevention and mitigation, and rural construction.

　　The two departments said that the central government will continue to increase investment in agriculture, strengthen the overall integration of projects, and continuously optimize the supply of financial investment in agriculture. The insiders believe that this year’s policy of strengthening agriculture and benefiting farmers will focus on promoting quality and green agriculture, developing and expanding rural industries and accelerating agricultural modernization.

　　Give appropriate financial subsidies.

　　Reduce the service price of farmers

　　Among them, the socialized service of agricultural production. Support rural collective economic organizations, specialized agricultural service organizations, service-oriented farmers’ cooperatives, supply and marketing cooperatives and other entities that have certain capabilities and can provide effective and stable services, and provide agricultural productive services such as agricultural technology promotion, land custody, farming and planting, unified prevention and control, drying and storage for farmers engaged in the production of important agricultural products such as grain, cotton, oil and sugar. Appropriate financial subsidies will be given to reduce the service prices of farmers.

　　Development and circulation of agricultural production

　　It is a priority area for policy support.

　　Subsidies for corn, soybean and rice producers are related to the interests of grain farmers and various new agricultural business entities, and are the most concerned by the industry.

　　This year, the state has decided to implement corn and soybean producer subsidies in Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia, and implement rice subsidies in relevant rice-producing provinces. The insiders believe that producer subsidies can not only reflect the specific requirements of the structural reform of agricultural supply side for various grain varieties, but also reflect the policy trend of separating grain prices from subsidies and conforming to the rules of the World Trade Organization.

　　The relevant person in charge of the Finance Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs introduced that this year, the central government will make overall arrangements for subsidies for corn and soybean producers, and the subsidy funds will be paid to producers in the form of "one card (discount)". The specific scope, basis and standard of subsidy are determined by each province in combination with local conditions, but the standard of soybean subsidy is higher than that of corn. In order to promote the reform of the minimum purchase price of rice and implement rice subsidies in the relevant rice-producing provinces, the central government will allocate a certain amount of subsidy funds to the provinces, and the relevant provinces will formulate specific subsidy implementation plans.

　　High-standard farmland construction will

　　Xiang grain production functional area

　　Important agricultural products production protection zones are inclined.

　　According to the requirements of the "Government Work Report", in 2019, more than 80 million mu of high-standard farmland will be built nationwide.

　　This time, the two departments further clarified that the construction of high-standard farmland will be inclined to grain production functional areas and important agricultural product production protection areas. It will be implemented in Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia, and a centralized contiguous demonstration zone will be established to showcase a number of black land protection and utilization models. Support the development of technical and engineering measures such as controlling black soil loss, increasing soil organic matter content, conserving water and fertilizer, raising black soil, and monitoring and evaluating cultivated land quality.

　　Lu Guimin, director of the farmland construction management department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said that the construction of high-standard farmland has strong public welfare, wide benefits, large investment and long construction period, and must rely on the effective organization and promotion of the government.

　　In this regard, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has promoted the integration of original farmland construction projects and funds from the source of the central budget, and set up special farmland construction projects. Project expenditures are earmarked for farmland construction, and in recent years, they have been concentrated on high-standard farmland construction, and other non-farmland construction projects such as agricultural comprehensive development industrialization development and departmental projects are no longer arranged.

　　Protect and utilize agricultural resources

　　In terms of the protection and utilization of agricultural resources, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs will issue subsidies and awards for grassland ecological protection, subsidies for fishery development and ship scrapping, dismantling and updating, and compensation for fishing bans in key waters of the Yangtze River Basin. Carry out fishery proliferation and release, promote the pilot project of comprehensive utilization of crop straw, support the resource treatment of livestock manure, comprehensive management of groundwater overexploitation, and comprehensive management of cultivated land polluted by heavy metals.

　　Liu Changquan, director of the Industrial Economics Research Office of the Rural Institute of China Academy of Social Sciences, said that compared with previous years, this year’s policy objectives are clearer and the support is stronger. At the same time, it is more prominent that green development has taken root.

　　It is necessary to fully implement the reform plan of agricultural subsidy system oriented by green ecology, effectively protect cultivated land, grassland and aquatic biological resources, strengthen the management of agricultural ecological environment, support the development of green circular agriculture, accelerate the formation of agricultural green production methods, and accelerate the transformation of agriculture from production-oriented to quality-oriented

　　Cultivate agricultural science and technology talents

　　Financial support can’t "only see things but not people", and the support of agricultural scientific and technological talents is another major aspect of the policy of strengthening agriculture.

　　In 2018, the central government allocated 2 billion yuan to cultivate more than 1 million new professional farmers in different levels according to the demand for talents at different levels in rural revitalization. This year, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and the Ministry of Finance decided to focus on cultivating new agricultural business leaders, modern young farmers, agricultural professional managers, agricultural socialized service backbones and agricultural industry poverty alleviation targets to improve their production skills and management level. Support capable farmers’ cooperatives, leading agricultural enterprises and other subjects to undertake training work.

　　Liao Xiyuan, director of the Department of Science and Education of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said that at present, most provinces in China have formulated provincial-level management measures for the identification of new professional farmers, and many counties and cities have introduced county-level support policies.

　　It can be said that the new professional farmer cultivation system has basically taken shape. However, due to the low comparative benefit and high risk of agriculture, the gap between urban and rural development leads to the siphon effect of talents, and there is a phenomenon of "lack of people" in rural revitalization. According to the plan, the number of new professional farmers will reach 20 million by 2020. Only by strengthening the cultivation of new professional farmers and speeding up the construction of a high-quality modern agricultural production and management team can we provide a solid human security for modern agriculture.

　　Diffusion is well known!

In 1960, China was in a difficult period for three years, and hunger threatened everyone. At that time, the Fifth Hospital of the Ministry of National Defense had just been established. Due to lack of materials and malnutrition, the physical fitness of scientific and technological personnel declined, and 70% of people suffered from edema, and some people also suffered from night blindness.

At this time, Sino-Soviet relations have already seen a huge rift. Soviet leader Khrushchev, who was invited to China to attend the National Day ceremony, told Mao Zedong: "The Soviet Union cannot provide atomic energy technology to China." On July 16, 1960, the Soviet Union suspended its aid project to China and withdrew all its experts in China.

Liu Zhanyi, who just graduated from the Physics Department of Peking University that year (later served as 25 senior engineers in the Second Academy of China Aerospace Science and Technology), recalled the scene at that time: all the scientific and technical personnel involved in the development of the model were holding their breath.

On September 18th, 1962, the Fifth Academy of the Ministry of National Defense appointed Sara (who was originally the director of the Dongfeng II model design committee) as the chief designer of Dongfeng II missile, and Qian Wen was the chief designer of the code-named "543" missile (Hongqi I missile).

On October 11th, Vice Premier Nie Rongzhen made it clear again after listening to the report from the leaders of the Fifth Hospital of the Ministry of National Defense: Dongfeng II is the key point, and it should be built during the third five-year plan period, with ground test first and then flight test; We should attach importance to the imitation of "543" and pay close attention to the data collation of this model.

The cohesion and creativity of the Chinese nation once again shine the most brilliant brilliance at the most critical moment.

The scenes of researchers working hard day and night are like movie clips, and every frame is precious. Scientists continue to struggle and innovate independently, constantly pushing the space industry to a new peak.

"Black Cat" Attacks

Since March, 1958, the high-altitude reconnaissance flying team in Taiwan Province area, code-named "Black Cat Squadron", has frequently flown to the mainland for high-altitude reconnaissance. They used the U-2 reconnaissance plane made in the United States, which was specially equipped with a B-type camera for high-altitude reconnaissance to capture information and take photos.

Anti-aircraft guns and fighters can do nothing to combat the arrogance of the "Black Cat Squadron", and anti-aircraft missiles must be used.

In 1960, the research on China’s surface-to-air missile weapon system was just in its infancy. At that time, only more than 50 surface-to-air missiles with code name "543" (C-75) were introduced from the Soviet Union.

After the Soviet Union withdrew its experts and stopped providing aid, Nie Rongzhen pointed out that it was necessary to give full play to the enthusiasm of China experts and rely on China’s own technical strength to copy "543".

According to Nie Rongzhen’s instructions, relying on and giving full play to the role of China’s own experts, the astronauts put forward the slogan of "learning C-75, thoroughly understanding C-75 and imitating’ 543’" to speed up the pace of imitation.

In September 1961, the Second Branch concentrated a scientific and technological team including experts from Qian Wen, Cai Jintao, Wu Shuoping, Huang Weilu, Liang Sili, Zhang Lvqian, Chen Huaijin, etc., and strengthened the imitation power of the C-75 surface-to-air missile.

With the progress of imitation work, "543" gradually entered the outfield for flight shooting test. In 1963, the flight test of two model bombs was successfully carried out for the first time, and in 1964, the target test of combat bombs was carried out in the whole weapon system. As a result, the fuze did not lead the warhead when hitting the entity drone.

Through a large number of experiments and analysis, the designer successfully shot down the drone in the second test after taking corresponding technical measures for the fuze and the drone, and realized the finalization of the imitation missile. Since then, the missile named "Red Flag No.1" has been produced and equipped with troops.

Hongqi-1 missile

There has been a new breakthrough in imitation

The imitation process is very hard, just like crossing the river by feeling the stones. When copying the "543" missile, the astronauts overcame a series of technical difficulties and made many new achievements on their own.

Liu Zhanyi was working on a group of ground-based radars. With the help of Soviet experts, Liu Zhanyi, who majored in radio physics, quickly completed the reverse design of the command antenna.

Then, Liu Zhanyi’s group successfully completed the reverse design of the electrical size and parameters of the tracking and guidance antenna, but suddenly encountered a problem when calculating one of the numbers of the scanner.

The purpose of reverse design is to find out the design structure of the missile, the performance of materials and parts, and prepare for the next imitation. "Calculus and geometry learned at school are far from enough." Liu Zhanyi and his colleagues gritted their teeth, worked overtime and studied hard every day. After self-learning a book of more than 800 pages of Intrinsic Geometry of Convex Surfaces, they finally got the calculation results.

At the moment, everyone has a common belief: master missile technology as soon as possible and complete the tasks assigned by the state quickly and well.

The imitation work is going on at full speed. At the same time, in 1960, Tang Jingzhi (later 23 senior engineers in the Second Institute of China Aerospace Science and Technology) undertook the imitation design of the display of the "543" missile display command vehicle.

He recalled: "Once the U-2 reconnaissance plane appeared again, the’ black cat’ turned around and flew away before our missile radar was turned on and powered on. After discussion at that time, it was agreed that the U-2 reconnaissance plane must have installed a new electronic reconnaissance system, so it could receive the signal that the ground missile radar was turned on. "

In order to cover up the frequency of electrical scanning, 23 technical teams decided to install an irradiation antenna on Hongqi-1 to search for the target and initially track and lock the target, then turn on the scanning antenna at an appropriate time, and then immediately launch missiles to shoot the target.

Two octogenarians, who are now over 80 years old, recalled those years and said, "In that era of hard struggle, we believed that the Chinese nation had the ability to overcome scientific difficulties, and we had to work it out despite all difficulties."

Beat the antelope to build missiles

At that time, faced with heavy and tense scientific research tasks, scientific and technological personnel often worked overtime spontaneously and made painstaking research. Until the dead of night, in the early hours of the morning, everyone was still busy in the office.

Researchers use simple equipment to design.

At that time, Nie Rongzhen, who was in charge of the national defense science, technology and industry, made a special provision for this: all research institutes must turn off their lights at 0: 00 and ask everyone to rest on time. However, in the Fifth Hospital and the Institute of Atomic Energy, after zero, some people hide in the toilet to read books, and some people study with flashlights under the covers.

Researchers actively learn new knowledge, master new technologies and strive to overcome scientific difficulties.

In order to ensure that the front-line researchers have enough nutrition, the state mobilizes all provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions to support the Fifth Hospital as much as possible. Not long after, several major military regions and naval forces urgently allocated a batch of non-staple foods such as pork, soybeans, fish and eggs to the national defense scientific research front, which were extremely precious at that time. This batch of materials has greatly eased the shortage of food supply in the Fifth Hospital.

While allocating materials from all over the country, the Fifth Hospital organized troops to fight antelope in Inner Mongolia to solve the problem of eating meat in the whole hospital. In the early winter of 1961, Zhai Dajun (later deputy director of the Second Institute of China Aerospace Science and Technology) set out with the hunting team of the Second Branch.

The winter weather is cold, and the grassland temperature in Inner Mongolia drops to MINUS 30-40 degrees Celsius. The cloth tent of the hunting team is not only not cold-resistant, but also can’t stop the wind.

Zhai Dajun, now 93 years old, recalled the scene at that time and said, "I dare not take off my clothes when I sleep at night. When I get into bed, I feel like I have entered icehouse." Later, the tent was too cold to live in, so they had to borrow two earth houses nearby to stay temporarily, which solved the accommodation problem.

After a heavy snow, it became more and more difficult to beat the antelope. The team members stayed up all night looking for the trail of the antelope and were very tired. What moved Zhai Dajun was that the comrades proudly said that the scientific and technical personnel were developing our country’s missiles at home, and they were willing to work hard and tired to let them eat a bowl of yellow mutton noodles.

It was under such difficult conditions that Dongfeng II missile was born.

"Dongfeng II" was born

In 1960, China mastered the missile manufacturing technology by imitating the Soviet surface-to-surface missiles. At the same time, the Dongfeng-2 missile with a longer range began to be developed.

At that time, the successful imitation of the "1059" missile greatly encouraged the morale of astronauts. Mr. Nie proposed that we should break through the barrier from imitation to independent design and design our own missiles with our own hands.

The missile in Nie Rongzhen’s mouth is the Dongfeng-2 short-range surface-to-surface missile designed by itself on the basis of the "1059" missile.

After discovering that the thrust and range of the "1059" missile still have potential to be tapped, the technicians of the First Branch of the Fifth Academy conducted an in-depth analysis of the overall scheme and the structure of the missile, and decided to independently develop the medium and short-range missile "Dongfeng II" with a range of 1,200 kilometers.

According to Mao Zedong’s famous saying, "East Wind Overwhelms West Wind", "East Wind" became the code name of China’s surface-to-surface missile series.

Although Dongfeng-2 missile "climbs high" on the basis of "1059" missile, it has great technical inheritance, but it still encounters many thorny problems in the design process. At that time, the vast majority of engineers and technicians who participated in the design were young people who had just left school. It was the first time to engage in missile design, but many technical problems were creatively solved.

In order to increase the range and reduce the weight of the rocket itself, Lu You, who was a designer of the missile tail shell in a branch at that time, put the missile rudder bracket originally placed outside into the rudder ring in one design, so that the rudder was within the jet range of the engine and the missile could be "controlled" smoothly. It is precisely because of this ingenious design that Lu You’s post division of labor has become a rudder unit designer.

In this way, Lu friends and colleagues began to develop intensively. "I missed dinner after working overtime, and I can still eat a bowl of yellow mutton after rushing to the cafeteria." So far, Lu You is still crying. He said with emotion that in the difficult period when the country’s materials are very poor, he can do everything possible to care for scientific and technological personnel from life, and the care and warmth of the party have all become the working motivation of scientific and technological personnel. Although the conditions are poor and there are many difficulties, people are all in high spirits and full of emotions.

Lijian Dongfeng

Determination of parameters, preparation of components, modification of equipment … The front and rear fought day and night, and after more than a year of hard work, Dongfeng II missile was finally developed.

In March 1962, the first Dongfeng-2 missile arrived at the launch site for various tests before launch.

Everything seems to be going very well. On March 21st, Dongfeng-2 missile made its first flight test.

69 seconds after launch, Dongfeng-2 missile crashed on the launch site, and the explosion point was only 680 meters away from the launch pad. Pain and disappointment hang over the hearts of every scientific and technological person.

After the first test failure of Dongfeng-2 missile, technicians analyzed the reasons for the failure.

Technicians inspected Dongfeng-2 missile.

After the launch failed, Qian Xuesen immediately took technicians to the scene to investigate the cause of the accident. Under the leadership of Qian Xuesen, after careful analysis, the crux of the defeat was finally found out. Experts also analyzed that the "Dongfeng II" test was not sufficient, and there was no ground facility for full missile test, so it was impossible to expose defects in the ground test, which was also an important reason for the missile crash.

In 1962, Qian Xuesen rushed to the base to guide the work after the first test failure of Dongfeng II missile.

Lessons learned from failures are often more valuable than successful experiences. Since then, on the one hand, developers have revised the design to improve the reliability of the engine system; On the other hand, accelerate the construction of large-scale ground test facilities such as all-missile test bench, and eliminate faults on the ground as much as possible.

At that time, Zhang Zuocheng (later Secretary-General of the Science and Technology Committee of the Third Academy of Aerospace Science and Technology of China) participated in the engine test of each test platform of the test station and the all-missile test of Platform 4 as a technical assistant.

In order to simulate the flight state and test the reliability of the missile system on the ground, in 1963, the most important large-scale ground test facility, the all-missile test bench, was completed.

On May 20th, the Fifth Hospital established the acceptance committee of all-missile test bench. Zhang Zuocheng remembers that after the completion of the all-missile test bench, three cold tests and two hot tests were carried out on the newly-built platform 4 using the "1059" missile. After that, more than 20 technical measures were taken and more than 80 ground tests were carried out to test the safety and reliability of the all-missile test bench.

On December 26th, the improved Dongfeng-2 missile carried out five all-missile tests in short range, medium range, full range, rated thrust and large thrust on the newly-built all-missile test bench, which stood the most rigorous and comprehensive test before the flight test.

The experiment went very smoothly. The redesigned Dongfeng-2 missile has passed 17 large-scale ground tests and 105 engine test runs.

On June 29th, 1964, Dongfeng-2 missile, which was developed by our country, ignited and lifted off at Jiuquan launch site, accurately hitting the intended target 1,000 kilometers away, turning a new page in the history of missile development in China.

On June 29th, 1964, China’s self-developed Dongfeng II turned a new page in China’s missile history.

August 27, 2019 "China Aerospace News" 3 rd edition

The pictures are from China Aerospace Publishing House, this newspaper and other materials.

Text/China Aerospace News reporter Miao Shanshan

Editor/Liu Zhe Zhang Xiaofan Hao Chenxi (intern)

Producer/Xu Bin

It is Hongmeng Zhixing’s first coupe SUV. The new car has already released the official picture and will be listed in September. It is expected to be priced at 300,000 yuan. Don’t say expensive, this pure electric coupe SUV jointly built by Huawei and Chery has excellent hardcore performance. The reference price (24.98-34 9,800 yuan), it is still very possible for the main sales model of Zhijie R7 to be locked at 300,000 yuan.

The Smart R7 has two major product highlights, the first is space. He Gang, CEO of Huawei’s end point BG, said on social media that the Smart R7 has redesigned the back shape. In order to optimize the rear row and storage space in the car, the rear of the whole car is raised to bring the largest interior space in the coupe SUV. At the same time, it also maintains the beautiful curve of the coupe and reduces the wind resistance, which can be said to kill two birds with one stone.

At the same time, the new car is equipped with 800V fast charging, and has 800km + long battery life. Once fully charged, it can meet the requirements of long-term inter-provincial travel without mileage anxiety.

In terms of power system, the future Smart R7 is expected to launch dual-motor and single-motor versions, with a maximum range of more than 800 kilometers. It was previously reported that the Smart R7 may also launch a range-extended version. The car is an SUV, which has more advantages in space layout. The installation of range extenders and the adjustment of the front and rear counterweights of the vehicle give the Smart R7 more flexibility.

Refer to other models of Hongmeng Zhixing, and M9 have both launched extended-range power models, and their sales performance is quite good. Therefore, the intelligent R7, which has advantages in space layout, will be very beneficial to sales growth if it launches extended-range models and lowers prices.

At the smart driving level, the Smart R7 will be equipped with high-precision 4D millimeter-wave radar, supporting Huawei’s latest ADS 3.0 smart driving system and the new generation of Hongmeng cockpit.

N Comments: 300,000 Yuan-level new energy SUV competition is very fierce, and other models focus on home use, while there are not many personalized coupe SUV products like Zhijie R7. From the positioning point of view, Zhijie R7 has made product differentiation, providing young consumers with a product that is both intelligent and personalized, but personality means niche in the domestic market. If Zhijie R7 can launch an extended range version to lower the entry threshold and match it with a rich configuration, it is also possible to sell over 10,000 in the future. (Figure: Network/Text: Ouyang)

For most people, the mention of a car from a 4S shop is just the beginning, and the cost of maintaining a car in the later stage is a big deal. Can today’s talk help us save some money in the future? Without further ado, let’s take a look.

Let’s take a look at the appearance of the Zhiji LS6 first. The front face design of the Zhiji LS6 is relatively cute and very recognizable. The headlights are very simple and elegant, and the recognition is very high. The car is equipped with LED daytime running lights, automatic opening and closing, adaptive far and near light, delayed closing, etc. Come to the side of the car, the body size of the car is 4904MM*1988MM*1669MM, the car adopts avant-garde lines, and the body gives a very hard-core feeling. With large-sized thick-walled tires, the shape is eye-catching. Looking back, the rear of the car looks very simple, the taillights are very simple, and the sense of neatness is in front of you.

In terms of the interior, the interior adopts a clean and refreshing design, which is easy to impress the hearts of young consumers. The steering wheel of the car is well designed and made of genuine leather, which makes it feel good. Take a look at the central control, with a 26.3-inch central control screen, the interior design is quite layered and looks fashionable and dynamic. Let’s take a look at the dashboard and seats. The dashboard of the car presents a simple design style, which is very eye-catching. The car adopts imitation leather seats, equipped with electric adjustment of the auxiliary seat, electric adjustment of the seat with memory, and seat ratio reclining, which further improves the comfort of the driver and occupant.

The Zhiji LS6 is 579KW, with a total torque of 800N.m and a maximum speed of 252km/h.

The car is equipped with vehicle to everything, driving mode selection, Bluetooth key, NFC/RFID key, interior ambient light, traction control (ASR/TCS, etc.) and other configurations, the configuration performance is passable, basically satisfactory.

After reading the full text, what are your main impressions of this car? I wonder if you are excited about the car introduced today?

　　After the second launch of the "Starship" rocket, there was an explosion after the first-stage separation and the second-stage loss of contact. The US manned moon landing program was highly unlikely to send people to the moon as planned.

　　The second launch of Starship was originally scheduled for November 17th, but the launch time was postponed to 18th due to a problem with a grille rudder of the rocket, which required replacement of the driver. As the largest rocket of mankind at present, the second launch of Starship still attracts the attention of the whole world. Although it did not fully achieve the expected goal, the flight time was longer, and the first and second stages were successfully separated. Compared with the first flight, there were more technical progress and achievements.

　　A somewhat different "starship"

　　In April this year, "Starship" ushered in its first flight test, but after liftoff, it was found that many engines in the first stage were not working normally. After liftoff for 2 minutes and 30 seconds, the attitude of the rocket became unstable and began to rotate, and finally it disintegrated and exploded, and the launch failed.

　　Later, SpaceX announced the cause of the failure, saying that after the launch of the "Starship", several engines failed, lost altitude and began to rotate, and issued instructions to the spacecraft to terminate the flight. SpaceX said that the "Starship" has set up a self-destruction mechanism in the event of an accident to prevent the rocket from falling freely and threatening the safety of human beings on the ground.

　　It is said that the engine failed because the leaked propellant at the back end of the overweight booster caught fire and finally cut off the connection with the main flight computer. This led to the loss of signal of most booster engines, and eventually led to the interruption of the "Starship" control system.

　　Afterwards, SpaceX implemented leakage mitigation measures and improved the testing of engine and booster hardware. In addition, SpaceX upgraded the existing fire extinguishing system of overweight booster to reduce the risk of engine fire in the future.

　　Starship is a heavy-duty launch vehicle developed by SpaceX, which adopts reusable design. The rocket consists of two parts: the take-off stage is called "Super Heavy Booster", and 33 Raptor liquid oxygen methane engines are installed in parallel, of which 13 are built in to change the thrust direction, with a maximum thrust of about 7,600 tons; The second stage is actually a spaceship with six engines (including three vacuum Raptor engines and three sea-level Raptor engines). The maximum carrying capacity of Starship in low earth orbit is 250 tons, and it is 150 tons in recoverable state.

　　Get up from where you fell. In response to the failure of the first flight, Musk said in September that SpaceX has made more than 1,000 modifications to the Starship since its first flight in April. The most important change is the interstage thermal separation method, that is, the second-stage spacecraft of the Starship ignites the engine when it has not been separated from the first-stage overweight booster. Musk said, "Thermal separation has the advantage of loading into orbit, and conservatively speaking, the carrying capacity has increased by about 10%."

　　Musk said that when the engine of the "Starship" second-stage spacecraft was ignited, a few engines of the overweight booster were still working. This can prevent the vehicle from losing thrust in the traditional stage separation process when the first stage engine is turned off first.

　　In order to improve the carrying capacity, most rockets adopt multi-stage design. Separation between rockets is one of the key technologies of launch vehicles, and whether it can be successfully separated directly affects the success or failure of the mission. At present, there are two separation forms of interstage separation: cold separation and thermal separation. Thermal separation means that the rocket at the back stage is pushed away by the high-temperature gas jet from the rocket engine at the front stage, and the engine at the front stage is already ignited when the connector is unlocked; The cold separation uses the separation energy installed on the separation body to provide separation energy, and the engine of the first stage rocket will not ignite until the first and second stages of rockets are separated.

　　The two separation methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. The thermal separation method does not need to accelerate the engine twice, which reduces the dead weight problem and improves the carrying capacity to some extent. But there are also some problems in thermal separation, which need to be paid attention to when using this technology. For example, the "Starship" stage will be directly hit by the flame during thermal separation, and the time must be controlled well, otherwise it may affect the reuse of the arrow body. Secondly, thermal separation is fast, and if there are design problems or unexpected factors, it may lead to accidental damage of the rocket.

　　Judging from the live video of this launch, the thermal separation technology was successful, and all 33 engines in the first stage were ignited, but it exploded shortly after thermal separation. The second stage was about to run out of time machine when the propellant was about to run out, and then the telemetry signal was lost. Although the second launch did not meet expectations, it took longer than the first flight, which verified more technologies.

　　The United States may not be able to send a man to the moon on time.

　　The second launch of Starship failed to fully meet expectations. Although this is an acceptable setback under SpaceX’s "rapid iteration" and "flying instead of testing" rocket development mode, these setbacks are likely to drag down the US manned moon landing plan and its own company’s space program.

　　In August this year, NASA officials said that if the research and development progress of key systems can’t keep up, the "Al themis 3" manned moon landing program may not include the astronauts’ landing on the moon. Jim Fry, an official of NASA’s Exploration System Development Task Department, told the media that if key equipment such as the manned lunar landing system developed by SpaceX (that is, the moon landing version of "Starship") is not in place in time, "we may finally perform it once (with the plan). Different tasks."

　　NASA Director Bill Carney once said, I ask such a question every day: How is SpaceX progressing? All the managers told me that they were achieving all the milestones.

　　In 2019, the U.S. government announced the new moon landing plan of "Al themis", and has completed the mission of "Al themis 1" orbiting the moon. NASA plans to carry out the manned mission of "Al themis 2" around the moon in November next year.

　　In the American moon landing plan, SLS rocket+Orion spacecraft+moon landing version of "Starship" are the three most critical parts, which are indispensable. Although the development progress of the first two is protracted and costly, the research and development have been completed, and everything went well for the first test flight. According to the plan, only one manned test flight around the moon needs to be completed in 2024, and the conditions for landing on the moon are met.

　　In the new moon landing plan of Al themis, the moon landing version of "Starship" will carry astronauts away from the "portal" lunar space station to carry out the moon landing mission. After landing on the lunar surface to complete the mission, the "Starship" took off again to dock with the lunar portal, sent the astronauts to the "portal" space station, and returned to Earth after a rest in the "Orion" spacecraft. After the second launch, "Starship" will have to carry out many verification flights, including a series of major test challenges, such as recovery of launch pad, rapid reuse launch, on-orbit refueling, unmanned lunar landing demonstration, etc. It is said that it may take at least ten flight tests and success before it can meet the conditions for landing on the moon. Now, the "Starship" has become the X factor for the United States to return to the moon in 2026.

　　It is worth mentioning that one month after the first flight of Starship failed, on May 19th, NASA announced that it had signed an additional contract with Blue Origin Company to develop a second manned lunar lander, which will make its first manned flight as part of the mission of Al themis 5. Blue Origin’s lunar lander is smaller than the moon landing version of Starship, with a payload of only 20 tons. The lander uses a combination of liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen propellant as fuel, and plans to carry out its fifth mission in 2029. Some analysts believe that because NASA saw the progress of the Starship delayed and there were some technical uncertainties, it decided to choose a "spare tire" for the moon landing version of the Starship, and the blue origin company’s plan was "spare tire".

　　William Gersten Mayer, vice president of SpaceX in charge of construction and flight reliability and a former senior employee of NASA, once said that if the delay continues, eventually, we will lose our leading position and we will see China land on the moon before us.

　　In July this year, the China Manned Space Engineering Office issued the "Announcement on Collecting the Scientific Load Plan for the Manned Lunar Exploration Project", pointing out that the mission of the manned lunar exploration project in China has been launched, and it is planned to carry out unmanned lunar landing in advance and realize the first landing of China people on the moon by 2030.

　　China’s initial plan for manned landing on the moon is to use two launch vehicles to send the lunar lander and manned spacecraft to the Earth-Moon transfer orbit respectively, and the spacecraft and lander will rendezvous and dock in the orbit around the moon, and the astronauts will enter the lunar lander from the spacecraft. After that, the lunar lander will descend and land in the predetermined area of the lunar surface, and the astronauts will land on the moon to carry out scientific investigation and sample collection. After completing the established mission, the astronauts will ascend to orbit around the moon on the lander and rendezvous and dock with the spacecraft, and return to Earth on the spacecraft with samples.

　　It is reported that China has fully deployed and carried out various research and construction work, and researchers are developing the Long March 10 carrier rocket, a new generation of manned spacecraft, a lunar lander, a lunar landing suit, a manned lunar rover and other equipment. The take-off weight of the Long March 10 is about 2,187 tons, the take-off thrust is about 2,678 tons, and the carrying capacity of the Earth-Moon transfer orbit is not less than 27 tons. It is expected that it will have the first flight conditions in 2027, and the new generation manned spacecraft test ship will successfully make its first flight in May 2020. The lunar lander under study weighs about 26 tons and consists of a lunar module and a propulsion module. It can deliver two astronauts to the lunar surface and is mainly responsible for lowering the astronauts from the orbit around the moon to land on the lunar surface and returning to the orbit around the moon. At the same time, the lunar lander also has the ability of autonomous control flight.

　　The United States was once the first country in the world to successfully land a man on the moon. It hopes to win the top spot again in the lunar exploration boom in the new century, and now the pressure is coming.

CCTV News:On the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, there is an unusual expressway, which runs more than 680 kilometers from Gonghe County in Hainan Prefecture of Qinghai Province to Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. This highway not only undertakes the task of continuously transporting mainland materials to Tibetan areas, but also is the most convenient route in go on road trip.

It is called Gongyu Expressway, and the hard work of several generations has condensed behind it. What kind of people broke through the forbidden area of human engineering and built this "heavenly road"? Wang Shuangjie, the main survey designer of this highway, gave the answer.

Wang Shuangjie (middle) leads the team to investigate the frozen soil on the plateau.

Harvest precious life wealth on the vast plateau.　

In 1979, 17-year-old Wang Shuangjie was admitted to Xi ‘an Highway College (now Chang ‘an University Highway College). Because he dreamed of becoming a teacher since he was a child, the first thing Wang Shuangjie did after entering school was to join several classmates to find a school to change majors. The old headmaster’s words dispelled his thoughts: "Classmates, our country’s transportation infrastructure is backward. In the past 30 years, it has been in the east of the river and in the west of the river. Foreign cars have entered the family, and the traffic is so developed that our country can’t be in that state forever. The day when our national car entered the family is the day when our national highway developed to a high level. You can study with peace of mind and you can use it. "

In July 1983, after graduation, Wang Shuangjie was assigned to work in the First Highway Survey and Design Institute of the Ministry of Communications. In the spring of the following year, he was appointed by the Ministry of Communications to go to Karakorum Mountain to conduct preliminary survey, design and construction technical guidance for a frontier highway.

"At that time, the altitude of this highway was about 4,700 meters, and there was permafrost on it, which made me really realize the environment of the plateau." Although Wang Shuangjie had prepared himself psychologically before this, the real situation in front of him still made him unexpected.

　

The station is short of water and electricity, and it is windy, rainy and snowy, and hails. During the day, I have to stop and rest every few steps when carrying equipment, and I have a headache and chest tightness at night, making it difficult to sleep … … The harsh environment and severe altitude sickness made Wang Shuangjie almost give up several times.

In the past 10 months on the plateau, Wang Shuangjie’s mother, who was far away from her hometown in Anhui, fell ill and passed away. It was more than a month after he received the telegram. The superior ordered that the road must be opened before the snow closed the mountain, and Wang Shuangjie was the only technical backbone appointed by the local ministries and could not leave easily. In the spring of the following year, when Wang Shuangjie rushed home, the grass was green on his mother’s grave.

Gongyu Expressway is the first expressway crossing the permafrost region in the Three Rivers source area, and it is also the scientific research demonstration and supporting project of the expressway. Stepping on the Gongyu Expressway, Wang Shuangjie’s inner pride is self-evident.

Stick to the forbidden area of life and continue the fire of scientific research on plateau frozen soil

The Qinghai-Tibet Highway starts from Xining City, Qinghai Province in the east and reaches Lhasa City, Tibet in the west. It is the asphalt highway with the highest altitude and the longest route in the world. It is also the best and safest highway leading to Tibet at present, with a total length of nearly 2,000 kilometers. This highway embodies the efforts of generations including Wang Shuangjie, and is also the foundation for building the Gongyu Expressway.

In 1950s, General Mu Shengzhong, an older revolutionary, led the troops to build the Qinghai-Tibet Highway through hardships. Since then, this highway has undertaken more than 85% of the passenger transport tasks in Tibet, and the frozen soil has melted and the road surface collapsed due to overload.

In the 1970s, the state decided to lay asphalt pavement for the entire Qinghai-Tibet Highway. In 1985, after the completion of the project, new problems followed. Due to the serious heat absorption of asphalt pavement, permafrost melts rapidly and collapses badly, so the Ministry of Communications has organized four studies on the treatment of Qinghai-Tibet highway diseases before and after.

In 2001, Wang Shuangjie became the project leader of the complete set of technology research for highway construction in permafrost regions. This is a project in which the Ministry of Communications has invested the most research funds and researchers in history. During the critical seven years from 2001 to 2008, Wang Shuangjie made dozens of trips between permafrost observation stations on the Qinghai-Tibet Highway in Xi ‘an, and made one major breakthrough after another in the field of engineering construction technology in permafrost areas. In 2008, with years of observation data and exploration and innovation, the construction and maintenance technology of Qinghai-Tibet Highway in permafrost hosted by Wang Shuangjie won the first prize of National Science and Technology Progress Award.

"Our first team leader died very early because of stomach problems, and altitude hypoxia can also cause cardiovascular damage; Our second team leader left because of respiratory and cardiopulmonary problems. " Colleagues around us have fallen down one by one, the older generation of frozen soil research experts are about to retire, and the new generation of researchers have not kept up. The research results on frozen soil for many years have been broken, and the whole industry will face the dilemma of green and yellow. As a leader in the new generation of frozen soil research, Wang Shuangjie feels that he should not only stick to it, but also "stabilize" a group of talents.

In 2000, the country began the strategy of developing the western region, which gave great support and care to the western transportation. This group of frozen soil researchers led by Wang Shuangjie finally ushered in the opportunity to display their talents. What they have to face is still a difficult environment. However, compared with decades ago, various hardware facilities and personnel have made great improvement and progress.

When all the fame and aura have long been submerged in the daily busyness, Wang Shuangjie dare not forget the encouragement of the old headmaster. In a project to overcome difficulties, how precious faith is, how important encouragement is. He often tells the young people in the team: "You should persist in a job, and hope will always be left to those who have hope."

　　　　　　 CCTV News:Two oil tankers No.13 were attacked and exploded in the Gulf of Oman. At present, the truth about this incident is confusing. On 14th, UN Secretary-General Guterres condemned the incident again in new york, and said that it was necessary to find out the truth of the incident and clarify the responsibilities.

　　　　　　 On the same day, Guterres said that it is very important to avoid serious conflicts and escalation in the Gulf region. He called for an independent entity to conduct a thorough investigation on this matter, and the United Nations will try its best to support it.

　　　　　　 In addition, in response to the video released by the US Central Command that the Iranian Islamic Revolutionary Guards allegedly took down the unexploded device from the attacked oil tanker, German Foreign Minister Mas said on the 14th that the video released by the United States was not enough to prove that Iran had carried out the attack.

　　　　　　 Iranian Foreign Minister Zarif said earlier that the attack on the oil tanker was quite suspicious. The accusation of the United States is one of the destructive action plans of the hostile Iranian forces in the United States and its allies, a clumsy means for the United States to exert extreme pressure on Iran, and a usual diplomatic trick for the United States to destroy.

　　　　　　 In response to the attack on two oil tankers in the Gulf of Oman, the Russian side said on the 14th that Russia strongly condemned the oil tanker attack and called on all parties to exercise restraint. The Russian Foreign Ministry said that no matter who was behind the attack, Russia strongly condemned the attack.

　　　　　　 At the same time, the Russian side urged all parties concerned in the Gulf region to exercise restraint over this incident, and should not make hasty conclusions about this incident before the results of the investigation are announced. On the same day, Russian Deputy Foreign Minister Ryabkov also warned that relevant parties should not attempt to blame Iran for this incident and use it to aggravate the regional situation.

　　　　　　 On the 13th, two oil tankers were attacked in the Gulf of Oman. According to Iranian media reports, after the incident, the Iranian side participated in the rescue and safely transferred the crew of the two tankers. Sputnik reported that 11 of the crew were Russian.