"The more authentic and natural the food, the safer and healthier it will be", which is the idea of many people now. When people buy food in the supermarket, "no addition" and "zero addition" often become the selection criteria. However, recently, the State Administration of Market Supervision issued the Measures for the Supervision and Administration of Food Labeling (Draft for Comment) (hereinafter referred to as the "Measures") to solicit opinions from the public. The "Measures" clearly stipulate that "no addition" and "zero addition" cannot be used in food. Why is this?

　　"Food additives are the needs of seasoning and quality assurance, and modern food production and processing are inseparable from food additives, which is really ‘ Zero addition ’ There is almost no food, so-called ‘ Zero addition ’ It’s just a trick of business promotion. " Wang Hao, an associate professor at the School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, said.

　　Therefore, once the regulations such as "zero addition" are officially passed, it will be beneficial to standardize food labeling and greatly limit the operation of some businesses to fool consumers with "zero addition"; It is conducive to strengthening the supervision and management of food labeling and protecting consumers’ right to know and choose; It is conducive to guiding consumers to correctly understand food additives and protecting the legitimate rights and interests of consumers and food producers and operators.

　　Modern food production and processing are inseparable from additives.

　　With the improvement of living standards, consumers’ standards for eating are getting higher and higher. Many people are flustered at the sight of a string of unfamiliar chemical terms in food instructions, and they are worried that the irregular use of additives in food will bring safety problems, even to the point of talking about "adding". Once food safety problems occur, additives often become "back-pot men".

　　"Food additives are one of the most active, developing and improving parts in the food industry. It is a synthetic or natural substance added to food to improve the quality of food such as color, fragrance and taste, and to meet the needs of anti-corrosion, preservation and processing technology. " Wang Hao said, "Food additives have greatly promoted the development of food industry. Only using food additives can prolong the storage period of food, ensure food safety, provide people with more delicious and nutritious food and meet people’s different needs. Food additives are the product of the development of modern food industry. Without food additives, there would be no modern food industry. Therefore, food additives are also known as the soul of the modern food industry. "

　　"After entering the food industrialization, it is quite difficult for prepackaged foods, which has been processed by enterprises, to find food without food additives." Wang Hao said that some people think that they can stay away from additives when cooking at home. In fact, there are many additives in various seasonings used in cooking. For example, soy sauce contains food additives such as caramel color, potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate, and anti-caking agents added in salt and antioxidants added in edible oil are all food additives. This is why edible oil has no "spicy taste" after being put for a long time, and salt is not easy to agglomerate in summer.

　　"Some people will compare the ingredient list when buying food, and think that foods with fewer kinds of food additives are healthier than foods with more additives." In this regard, Wang Hao emphasized that "as long as food additives are used legally and in moderation, the number of types added does not affect the quality and safety of food."

　　Writing "zero addition" does not necessarily mean that there are no additives.

　　"If illegal additives are not added, it’s like a salted duck egg package that says ‘ Sudan Red ’ is not added; Similarly, it should not appear in the product, let alone on the packaging, because it is the responsibility and obligation of the manufacturer that the product does not contain illegal additives. " Wang Hao analysis, and if "zero addition" refers to the absence of legal additives, this situation is even more interesting. The state originally stipulated that additives can be added, but the products are marked in bold and bold, which will cause misunderstanding to consumers and think that these additives are harmful.

　　"In addition, some business logos will not say that no specific substances have been added, but only that they have not been added in general, which makes people think that this is food without any additives." Wang Hao said, for example, some foods that don’t need preservatives themselves, because they don’t have an environment for corrupt microorganisms to "have children", such as honey (high sugar), instant noodle cakes (dry) and pickled foods (high salt). Although these foods may not contain preservatives as food additives, they will contain other food additives, which will mislead consumers.

　　Wang Hao pointed out that the real problem is that some food packages are secretive, and although they are marked with "zero addition" and "no addition", they are actually added. In other words, the so-called "zero-addition" and "no-addition" have become the propaganda tactics of merchants, which not only damages consumers’ right to know, but also disrupts the competition order in the food market. Therefore, it is forbidden for food production and operation enterprises to mark "no addition" and "zero addition" on food packaging, which not only helps to standardize and restrict the production and operation behavior of enterprises, but also fully protects consumers’ right to know.

　　"Zero addition" does not mean healthier and safer.

　　"In fact, even if it’s true ‘ Zero addition ’ It does not mean that it is safe, healthy and nutritious. " Wang Hao explained that, for example, food preservatives are a major category of food additives, which are used to prevent or delay food spoilage and prolong food preservation and storage period. There are some foods with high protein content, and preservatives must be added to ensure the quality and safety of the products, otherwise it will be more prone to spoilage. Therefore, adding preservatives in a suitable range is actually a guarantee for consumer food safety.

　　"Sometimes the right amount of food additives can reduce and eliminate the output of harmful substances in the food production process." Wang Hao, for example, said that when curing food, adding proper amount of ascorbic acid, which is commonly known as vitamin C, can effectively reduce the content of carcinogenic nitrite.

　　"For example, many people like to eat air-dried cured meat, fermented foods and bean products. In the production process, it is easy to produce botulinum that can release highly toxic toxins. A very small amount can paralyze nerves, which in turn causes respiratory failure and death." Wang Hao said that in the industrial production of this kind of food, professional technicians are responsible for controlling the usage and dosage of additives, and there are also standard production procedures to reduce the generation of harmful substances. In the production process and before entering the market, we should also carry out quality inspection on products according to national standards.

　　"Standardizing the use of food additives has the function of ensuring safety, ‘ Zero addition ’ There will be no more advantages in security. " Wang Hao said.

　　Reporter Chen Xi

　　Xinhuanet Beijing April 22nd (Wang Ying) Today is the 49th Earth Day. Protecting the earth’s environment and protecting the common home have attracted much attention. There is only one earth for human beings. How can we cherish our blue home? These little efforts in life make it easy for us to add green to the earth.

　　Turn off the lights without wasting power resources.

　　Due to negligence or trouble, many people often forget to turn off the lights or power in their lives. At present, 60% of the electricity used in our life depends on burning coal, and 400 grams of coal is burned for every kilowatt hour. Burning coal not only consumes the earth’s resources, but also produces a lot of carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and dust, which seriously pollutes the environment. Develop the habit of turning off the lights at will, and unplug the power supply for unused electronic equipment in time, which can not only save electricity, but also protect natural resources.

　　Green and low-carbon travel is environmentally friendly and healthy.

　　In recent years, the concept of green and low-carbon travel has been deeply rooted in people’s hearts. In daily life, if you are a car owner, if conditions permit, you can try to walk, ride a bike or take public transport to reduce the use of motor vehicles. When the weather is fine, you can also go outdoors for cycling and walking, which not only exercises your body, relaxes your body and mind, but also reduces energy consumption.

　　Save paper to make the forest more lush.

　　In daily work and life, the consumption of paper is amazing. As we all know, paper is made of trees. The more paper is consumed, the more the number of trees decreases. Save paper from scratch, such as printing documents can be double-sided; Used paper can be used in reverse; Use paper reasonably and refuse to use it excessively (such as pumping paper and toilet paper); Put a handkerchief in your pocket to reduce the use of paper towels.

　　Use less plastic bags to protect soil and atmosphere.

　　The pollution of plastic bags to soil is self-evident. To protect the global environment, we should reduce the use of plastic bags and keep cloth bags or reusable shopping bags when going out. At the same time, use disposable things (such as disposable bowls, chopsticks and cups) as little as possible.

　　Garbage sorting makes the living environment fresher

　　We produce a lot of garbage every day, and disorderly mixing not only leads to the spread of odor, but also pollutes soil and groundwater. In recent years, garbage classification has been widely advocated, and we should also respond positively in daily life, separate waste, make use of existing manufacturing capacity, recycle recycled products, and turn waste into treasure.

　　Save water, the blue planet can’t lose a drop.

　　A dripping faucet wastes 1 to 6 liters of water a day, and a leaky toilet wastes 3 to 25 liters of water a day. Water resources are not inexhaustible. To save water, we should start from the dribs and drabs of life (washing, bathing, cooking, washing cars, washing clothes, etc.). For a simple example, the flushing toilet is the key equipment for household water use. In the past, many families directly discharged the wastewater, but now many people began to keep the wastewater for flushing the toilet.

　　Participate in planting trees to add more green to the earth.

　　A 50-year-old tree produces oxygen worth about $31,200. Absorbing toxic gases and preventing air pollution is worth about $62,500; Increase the soil fertility value by about $31,200; Water conservation is worth $37,500; Providing breeding grounds for birds and other animals is worth about $31,250; Resulting in protein worth $2,500. Excluding the value of flowers, fruits and wood, the total value is about $196,000. In life, take part in more tree planting activities to add more green to the earth.

　　Buying energy-saving appliances saves more than electricity bills.

　　According to relevant data, under the same wattage, an energy-saving lamp saves 80% more energy than an incandescent lamp, prolongs its average life by 8 times, and radiates only 20%. This is just a light bulb. If we replace all the high energy-consuming appliances in our home with energy-saving appliances, or buy energy-saving appliances directly, we can not only save electricity expenses, but also reduce electricity consumption.

　　Bright picture

　　[educational perspective]

　　The epidemic has caused many inconveniences in finding jobs.

　　For most college students who will graduate in 2020, COVID-19, an unfamiliar word, will be engraved in their memories along with their tortuous job hunting experience. Because of the development of the epidemic in COVID-19, in order to protect students’ health and life safety and prevent the spread of the epidemic, the national education administrative departments and universities have taken emergency measures to limit the flow of personnel, and all kinds of campus recruitment activities have been suspended.

　　According to the practice of previous years, the coming March and April was originally the peak period for fresh college students to apply for jobs and sign contracts, but because of the epidemic, the employment and recruitment activities of college students were silent this spring.

　　The superposition of all these unfavorable factors undoubtedly affects the job selection of college graduates and the selection of talents by employers, which invisibly increases the pressure of college students’ employment.

　　For China’s economic development, the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on the economy is bound to have a chain reaction, which will be transmitted and reflected in the employment sector — — Not only the temporary communication difficulties between graduates and enterprises and the inability to carry out recruitment activities, but also the demand for employers may be reduced. Of course, some industry sectors, such as medical and health care, environmental engineering, chemical technology and other employment needs are likely to increase.

　　The interview and employment pressure of job-seeking students has increased sharply. The silence in March and April, the peak of job hunting, dealt a heavy blow to college students’ employment signing. Because some students and employers have drawn up their initial intentions and need to go to the employer for an interview, but now the unit can’t operate normally, students can’t go out, and the recruitment and interview plans of some companies have also changed, and students are in a dilemma.

　　Stuck by the time limit, students who are pursuing further studies are in a dilemma. The postponement of the re-examination of the postgraduate entrance examination has a great influence on students. The uncertainty of whether they can pass the initial examination and whether they can be admitted after the re-examination makes most postgraduate students anxious, fearing that they may miss favorable employment opportunities after falling out of the list.

　　At the same time, taking into account epidemic prevention and employment, colleges and universities are facing multiple tests. Up to now, due to the pressure of economic adjustment, the employment rate of graduates who originally signed up to implement employment units is not optimistic. The arrival of the epidemic has made colleges and universities more pressure on epidemic prevention and teaching adjustment under the new situation than before, and the pressure on subsequent employment guidance has undoubtedly increased accordingly. The impact and impact of these pressures on local colleges and universities with the majority of local students will be less than those with scattered students’ origin and employment destination.

　　To cope with the pressure of employment, take many measures to promote Qi Li.

　　Employment must be promoted by the government, universities, employment enterprises and units, giving full play to their respective advantages in resources, channels and experience. As for the universities directly facing the above employment pressure, how to deal with this year’s new situation?

　　Colleges and universities should not panic when they serve college students’ employment under pressure.At present, we can see that under the decisive and correct decision-making and leadership of the CPC Central Committee, the understanding of COVID-19 has gradually deepened, and the fight against the epidemic has achieved initial results. The confirmed cases and suspected cases in high-incidence areas have been running at a low level, and the epidemic situation in most areas has been effectively controlled. I believe that with the support and encouragement of various supporting policies of the state, all economic construction activities will be carried out in an orderly manner. This is the biggest good news for economic activities directly related to employment.

　　College students start job hunting and employment rationally and calmly.Then, after the epidemic is controlled, the employment activities of college students that have been temporarily suspended will be restarted, and the suppressed demand for employment will be released again. Therefore, for colleges and graduates, they should gradually become rational, sober and brave from the initial panic, anxiety and sorrow, and there is no need to panic at all. They should have full confidence and calmly and objectively carry out the employment work during the epidemic period according to the arrangement of the national education administrative department.

　　Enterprises should promptly strengthen the organization of online employment recruitment activities.Before the epidemic has been completely controlled, in order to prevent large-scale gathering of people, the on-site recruitment activities of various college graduates have been suspended. In this case, colleges and universities should vigorously promote the development of online employment activities, and guide more enterprises to organize more online recruitment activities in a planned way to provide graduates with job opportunities; Students can get job information and enjoy online employment services by browsing national and provincial employment platforms, university employment networks and social recruitment websites.

　　Multi-party cooperation to explore innovative employment channels.Colleges and universities should take the initiative to coordinate relevant parties and further organize and implement grassroots projects such as the special post teacher plan, the university student village official, the three supports and one support, and the university student volunteer service plan for the western region; Encourage college students to join the army and serve national defense; Further implement preferential policies such as tuition subsidy for grassroots employment and encourage graduates to work and start businesses at the grassroots level; Establish a docking platform for school-enterprise cooperation and strengthen the docking of talent supply and demand in key areas, major projects, major projects and important fields; Further explore the employment opportunities created by the deep integration of the Internet, big data, artificial intelligence and the real economy, and support graduates to achieve multi-channel employment; Call on employers to hold campus job fairs, take recruitment tests exams, receive graduates’ resumes and practice training through the Internet and other more flexible ways.

　　Focus on strengthening the focus on helping students from difficult families.Colleges and universities must actively design and provide one-on-one assistance to poor family graduates, physically disabled graduates and other groups, and carry out targeted job promotion. It is urgent to form a team of relevant university leaders, fully grasp the latest trends of students, regional economy and professional fields, open a hotline for employment consultation and help, and develop a number of online employment guidance courses to do a good job in promoting graduates’ employment, enterprise docking and psychological counseling.

　　The epidemic will eventually pass. As long as all parties face it confidently, calmly, optimistically and scientifically, with the overall victory in the fight against the epidemic, the employment situation of college graduates in 2020 will certainly improve and usher in "spring"!

　　 (Author: Zong Cheng, a postdoctoral fellow at China Academy of Educational Sciences)

　　Building a modern industrial system is an important part of promoting Chinese modernization. In July this year, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed during his inspection tour in Jiangsu: "It is necessary to adhere to the real economy and build a modern industrial system as the key to strengthening the province, consolidate the leading position of traditional industries, accelerate the creation of strategic emerging industrial clusters with international competitiveness, promote the deep integration of digital economy with advanced manufacturing and modern service industries, comprehensively improve the level of industrial base upgrading and industrial chain modernization, and accelerate the construction of a modern industrial system with advanced manufacturing as the backbone." Accelerating the construction of a modern industrial system is conducive to improving the quality of industrial development, promoting the upgrading of industrial structure, and enhancing the continuity and competitiveness of industrial development; It is conducive to the development and expansion of the real economy and provides strong material support for achieving the goal of the second century; It is conducive to maintaining the security and stability of China’s industrial chain supply chain and ensuring that China will win the strategic initiative in future development and international competition.

　　The first meeting of the 20th Central Committee of Finance and Economics emphasized "promoting industrial intelligence, greening and integration, and building a modern industrial system with integrity, advancement and safety", which clarified the important features of the modern industrial system. We should profoundly grasp the intelligent characteristics of the modern industrial system and fully realize that a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is booming, and the world economy is accelerating its transformation to digitalization and intelligence; Whether we can seize the opportunity to promote the intelligent transformation of the industrial system is related to whether China can win the initiative in the fierce international competition. It is necessary to profoundly grasp the greening characteristics of the modern industrial system and fully realize that the current global ecological and environmental problems are increasingly prominent and the consensus on climate change is constantly strengthening; Promoting the green development of industry is not only the key to cope with climate change, protect the ecological environment, realize the harmonious coexistence between man and nature, but also the inherent requirement to promote high-quality development. It is necessary to profoundly grasp the integration characteristics of the modern industrial system and fully realize that the modern industrial system is not a simple patchwork of several industrial categories, but a complex ecological system with organic connections and complementary functions; Promoting the deep integration of innovation chain’s industrial chain, capital chain and talent chain, and promoting the coordinated development of the three industries, the upper, middle and lower reaches, large, medium and small enterprises are conducive to giving play to the comparative advantages of various regions and forming a regional economic layout with complementary advantages and high-quality development.

　　Jiangsu is one of the provinces with the most complete industrial chain and complete supporting facilities in China, and it has a good foundation for building a modern industrial system. It is necessary to closely focus on promoting industrial intelligence, greening and integration, continuously improve the position of industrial development in the global industrial chain supply chain value chain, and better serve high-quality development and Chinese modernization.

　　Adhere to innovation-driven development. Focus on cultivating strategic scientific and technological strength and accelerate the construction of an industrial scientific and technological innovation center with global influence. In-depth implementation of industrial base reconstruction and major technical equipment research projects, and strive to overcome the "stuck neck" problem. Strengthen the docking of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation, strengthen the deep integration of Industry-University-Research led by enterprises, and improve the level of transformation and industrialization of scientific and technological achievements.

　　Focus on building advanced manufacturing clusters. Around biomedicine, intelligent manufacturing equipment, integrated circuits, new power (smart grid), new energy, artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, high-end software and information services, we will build a number of strategic emerging industrial clusters. Plan the layout in advance and cultivate future industrial clusters such as future network communication and third generation semiconductor. Promote the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, accelerate the development and application of green and low-carbon technologies, and help traditional industries improve their intelligence level and jump to the high end of the value chain.

　　Vigorously promote cross-border integration of industries. Promote the interaction and integration between strategic emerging industries and between emerging industries and traditional industries. Promote the deep integration and development of advanced manufacturing and modern service industries, and build a number of deep integration service platforms, demonstration carriers and benchmark enterprises for advanced manufacturing and modern service industries. Promote the integration of production and city development, support different regions to plan the layout of urban (international) transportation, colleges and public infrastructure around the actual industrial development, and form a development trend of promoting the city with production, promoting the city with production, and integrating production and city.

　　Improve the modern industrial policy system. Promote the transformation of industrial policies from differentiation and selectivity to generalization and functionality, and increase policy support for small and medium-sized enterprises in the fields of industrial innovation, intellectual property protection and transformation of scientific and technological achievements. Coordinate relevant industrial support policies and guide enterprises to continue to exert their efforts in technical research, industrial innovation and market expansion. Enhance the synergy of industrial policies, strengthen the integration of policy design and implementation methods with international common rules, and form an "industry — Technology — Finance — Education — Talent "efficient linkage situation.

　　(The author is the director of the theoretical research base of the provincial government research office of the New Era Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought Research Center, the supreme leader of Jiangsu Province)

CCTV News:The Spring Festival is coming, and it is the choice of many families to take family photos in the photo studio. The reporter recently visited the Beijing market and found that the passenger flow of many photo studios has increased significantly, and some places even have to make an appointment many days in advance.

Reporter:I am now in Dabei photo studio on Qianmen Street in Beijing. The staff told me that with the approach of the Spring Festival, more and more customers come here to take photos, especially the family photos are selling more and more hot.

Beijing consumers:Once a year, I added this family of five, and I took my parents with me. It was also the first time to take a photo with my baby.

Beijing consumers:Want to take a picture of her (mother) every year, (she) is a little nervous.

In the photo studio, the staff told reporters that in recent days, family photos, black and white and color headshots are still the main products in the store, and most customers are coming from this classic nostalgia.

Beijing consumers:We were born in the 1980s, and there weren’t many color photos at the beginning. It’s quite retro to bring children to take pictures.

Meng Qingyi, manager of Beijing Dabei Photography Front Store:At the end of the year, the passenger flow still increased. Usually, we take more than 200 photos (every day), but now we can take between 300 and 400 photos, mainly because we have more photos.

Reporter:Different from the traditional photo studio, we see more young people in this fast and fashionable photo studio in Xidan, Beijing. For them, taking a photo at the end of the year is the pursuit of a sense of ritual in life.

Beijing consumers:We want to shoot something academic, or something related to the New Year.

Beijing consumers:This suit is also suitable for the occasion, just in line with the new year atmosphere.

The reporter learned that with the continuation of Christmas and New Year’s products and the launch of family photo products in the Spring Festival, there are more choices of products in the photo studio at present. The price of a single person ranges from 300 to 500, and the daily reception volume has also increased by about 20% compared with usual.

Wang Xinwei, manager of a fast fashion photo studio in Beijing:Many customers choose to take a photo at the festival just to increase the sense of ceremony and send a circle of friends. Basically, every day is a full state, and weekends are full. The best sellers are Weiyang and Chiying in the national tide. Because it is red and Chinese style, customers will have more choices.

Image source: China Radio Network

CCTV News:"Family, less idle month, people twice as busy in June. At night, the south wind rises and the wheat is covered with yellow. " It’s the wheat harvest season in a year. Under the blue sky in the distance, golden wheat waves are surging. The newly harvested wheat is ground into fragrant flour and enters the kitchens of various households. ……

One out of every eight steamed buns eaten by more than 1.3 billion people in China comes from the wheat variety "Bainong Aikang 58", which is known as "the first wheat in Huanghuai". It is "Mai Da" Ru Zhengang who successfully cultivated this new wheat variety. He is the vice president of the School of Life Science and Technology of Henan University of Science and Technology, the director of the Henan Hybrid Wheat Engineering Technology Research Center, and the chief expert of wheat disease and pest resistance breeding in Henan Province.

Ru Zhengang often said: "As an agricultural science and technology worker, you can’t help farmers increase production and income. You are nothing!" His lifelong aspiration is to fill the granary of China with the power of science and technology.

Change the world with a "go against the sky wheat seed"

Food is scarce and farming is difficult. These childhood memories make Ru Zhengang have an indescribable feeling for wheat. He has always had a "wheat dream", "We must have enough food in Chinese, and the granary is full of our own wheat".

In 1981, Ru Zhengang, who graduated from agronomy, was selected by Professor Huang Guangzheng, a national expert who was famous in the breeding field at that time and won the second prize of national invention, and "pulled into" the breeding industry. Since then, it has been persistent for 36 years.

In order to find the root of the problem of wheat growth, Ru Zhengang ate and lived in the wheat field for several days. In order to ensure the accuracy of the data, he took the research team to manually thresh one by one; In order to understand the growth of wheat in various places, he traveled almost every wheat producing area in China.

In the process of breeding new wheat varieties such as "Aikang 58", Ru Zhengang explored and created a set of nearly complete scientific methods, theoretical systems and scientific research equipment and breeding platform established from it. In his breeding base, from the molecular biology laboratory to the artificial climate room, to the intelligent greenhouse, and then to the outdoor experimental field, it takes only a few minutes to be fully prepared. It is these few minutes’ path that shortens the time of wheat breeding by six years.

Ruzhengang successively cultivated and popularized many varieties such as "Bainong 62", "Bainong 64", "Bainong 160" and "Bainong Aikang 58", and the wheat varieties with stable and high yield filled the granaries of China, which also made the people happy. Ruzhengang has become an out-and-out "God of Grain".

The inspiration for scientific research propositions comes from ordinary people.

"All my scientific research topics and the inspiration and source of technological innovation come from ordinary people." Ru Zhengang traveled all over the country in most wheat fields, and no matter where he went, he never forgot to ask the villagers to "find fault" with their own seeds.

Can wheat be high-yielding and lodging-resistant? Can wheat be planted whenever it wants? The ears of wheat are big, can you make more grains? There are too many ears, can you make the straw shorter? The wheat straw is short, can it tolerate barren and drought? … … Seemingly harsh problems are thrown at him from time to time, and if Ru Zhengang gets the treasure, it will eventually turn into his most breakthrough and creative scientific research topic.

Many experts believe that the wheat yield in Huanghuai area of China has reached the "ceiling", and it is "even more difficult" to further increase the yield. Ru Zhengang’s thoughts and vision jumped to the northeast and Guangdong, Fujian and other places, hoping to find a record-breaking "artifact" in these places.

He constantly challenges himself and his limits. "Even though the frost of time has stained my temples and the knife of years has carved my forehead, why don’t I change my mind and be as heroic as yesterday?" Ru Zhengang expressed his ambition to charge for hybrid wheat breeding in poetic language.

Loving wheat is like your own daughter.

Ru Zhengang said that after 36 years of research, Wheat is actually like his daughter. It can understand his words, and he knows how it can be good, what it likes, what it doesn’t like, and how to make it happy.

"When you chat with wheat with your heart, you can feel the power of its life. Although the breeding work has to face failure 90% of the time, every improvement is an exploration of life and a spiritual enjoyment." Ru Zhengang said.

In Ru Zhengang’s view, wheat that can give people full returns, like wheat, is not wheat, but wheat of a work of art.. He wants to cultivate better wheat varieties, serve the strategic needs of modern agricultural production and national food security, and make new contributions to China’s food security and agricultural harvest. (Source: Ministry of Science and Technology)

　　In practice, a large number of inventions are protected by submitting patent applications and obtaining authorization. Therefore, the writing quality of patent application documents often affects whether the patentee can successfully defend his rights and resist competitors. In this paper, the author discusses the writing skills of patent application documents from the perspective of writing patent application documents.

　　First, we should consider the appropriate scope of protection. The so-called "appropriate" scope of protection refers to obtaining as large a scope of protection as possible on the premise of complying with China’s patent law and its implementation rules.

　　The author thinks that a patent application document can "predict" the comparison documents that may be retrieved, which is based on the full retrieval of domestic and foreign patent documents in the early stage of writing the patent application document, so as to determine the appropriate level of existing technology, construct an appropriate scope of protection, and make the patent more stable.

　　In practice, the author found that many existing patent application documents only describe the technical scheme itself. The author believes that the process of writing patent application documents is a process of secondary creation, which requires the joint participation of inventors and patent agents to discuss various implementation methods to solve the technical problems involved in invention-creation, and determine the claims after summarizing and abstracting the technical characteristics of the implementation methods (upper generalization or functional limitation). And the upper generalization also needs as many examples as possible so that the claims can be supported by the specification. When judging the infringement, the functional features are interpreted as the specific embodiment disclosed in the specification and its equivalent embodiment, and the application of the equivalence rule is easy to have objections. Therefore, it is helpful to obtain a more appropriate scope of protection by excavating as many embodiments as possible in the writing stage of patent application documents.

　　Second, when writing patent application documents, we should also consider it from the perspective of being conducive to infringement judgment. For example, based on principle of universal coverage, when writing the patent application file at first, only the most necessary technical feature set that can solve the technical problems of the invention needs to be written into the independent claim, and unnecessary technical features will only limit the narrowing of the protection scope. In practice, the name of the invention, the characteristics of the use environment, the technical characteristics of the product defined by the preparation method, and the step sequence of the method claim may limit the scope of patent protection, so it should be carefully considered when using it. If there are possibly ambiguous terms in the claim and they are not explained in the specification, it may cause obstacles to the interpretation of the subsequent claims.

　　Third, the commercial prospects of patented products or methods should be considered. In the writing stage of patent application documents, patent agents may find that technical solutions can be applied to fields with more commercial prospects during the communication with inventors. For example, a technical scheme can be used in PC, but after understanding the existing technology, it is found that its application prospect in mobile terminal is very considerable, but it needs to be adjusted accordingly when applied in mobile terminal, so different technical schemes are produced, and the application strategy needs to be adjusted in time.

　　Fourth, we should consider whether patents can be easily evaded by competitors. The patent agent can work with the applicant to develop possible improved technical solutions and possible deteriorated technical solutions. The improved technical solutions can be used as a "retreat" in the patent examination stage and may prevent competitors from submitting improved solutions to patent applications. According to the Guide to Determining Patent Infringement issued by Beijing Higher People’s Court, the deteriorated technical scheme does not constitute equivalent infringement, so the deteriorated technical scheme should also be considered when writing patent application documents.

　　Fifth, it should be considered that it is conducive to obtaining evidence and safeguarding rights. If the applicant is engaged in the production of products, from the perspective of tort compensation, it may be more beneficial for the right holder to write patent application documents mainly against product manufacturers. This is because it is generally easier for sellers, importers and users of infringing products to prove the legal source of infringing products. In this case, it is advantageous to write the product and the claim of the preparation method of the product.

　　In the fields of communication, network and computer, the applicant may face multiple infringing objects, and which infringing objects he hopes to resist is an important factor in determining his claim. Different claims can be designed for different infringing objects.

　　Generally speaking, it is more beneficial to obtain evidence if you can know the technical characteristics of the product without disassembling it or using it by consumers. If you need reverse engineering to determine whether a product is infringing, you need to consider the difficulty of reverse engineering. For example, for related patents in the chemical field, the technical features that can be measured by ordinary measuring instruments or technologies are more conducive to obtaining evidence. For patents related to semiconductor and chip fields, if reverse engineering is easy to realize, components and their connection modes can be described. If reverse engineering is difficult to realize or the cost is high, it is necessary to consider whether it is necessary to change the writing method.

　　Sixth, we should consider the layout strategy. When writing patent application documents, we should also pay attention to the role of dependent claims, that is, in addition to independent claims, other novel and creative technical features can be arranged in dependent claims to prevent competitors from evading design.

　　At the same time, different levels of protection scope should be considered, and some patent application documents may be incompatible with certain technical features. At this time, independent claims with different protection scope can be considered to avoid giving up some protection scope due to modification. In addition, in some cases, the protection scope of the method claim can be different from that of the product claim, for example, the protection scope of the method claim can be greater than that of the product claim to achieve different levels of protection.

　　Chinese applicants need to consider the relevant laws and regulations of different countries when writing patent application documents if they want to arrange patents abroad. When submitting an international patent application through the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT), due to the relatively limited space for modification, it is especially necessary to strictly check the priority documents.

　　For example, when filing an American patent application, we should avoid too much self-admission and discussion about the existing technology. Because the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office has a strict review of Antecedent Basis, patent Enablement and Written Description, it should be extra cautious when writing priority documents. (Li Xingdi only represents the author’s personal views)
　

　　CCTV News:According to WeChat official account, the National Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention, on October 23rd, the National Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention released the national epidemic situation of legal infectious diseases in September 2023:

　　In September 2023 (from 0: 00 on September 1st to 24: 00 on September 30th), 879,567 cases of legal infectious diseases were reported in China (excluding Hongkong, Macao Special Administrative Region and Taiwan Province, the same below), with 2,213 deaths.

　　Nine cases of Class A infectious diseases were reported, all of which were cholera, and no deaths were reported.

　　Among the Class B infectious diseases, except novel coronavirus infection, 304,210 cases were reported and 2,213 people died, including SARS, poliomyelitis, human infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza, diphtheria and human infection with H7N9 avian influenza. The top five reported diseases are viral hepatitis, tuberculosis, syphilis, gonorrhea and dengue fever, accounting for 92.7% of the total reported cases of Class B infectious diseases.

　　In the same period, a total of 575,348 cases of Class C infectious diseases were reported, and no deaths were reported. The top three reported diseases are influenza, hand-foot-mouth disease and acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, accounting for 80.2% of the total reported cases of Class C infectious diseases.

　　Ouyang Ziyuan, an academician of China Academy of Sciences and the first chief scientist of China lunar exploration project, walked into Beijing No.2 Middle School Education Group to give a keynote speech to teachers and students, and observed students’ scientific and technological works. Xinhua News Agency (photo by Zhou Liang)

　　Fill in the shortcomings of popular science and improve citizens’ scientific quality ②

　　Encouragement is necessary, but it is more important to make researchers feel that it is beneficial to do it from the heart. At the same time, the scientific community will recognize the behavior of this profession and will not think that scientific researchers are "doing nothing" when doing popular science.

　　Zhonghe Zhou

　　Academician of China Academy of Sciences and researcher of vertebrate paleontology and Paleoanthropology Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences.

　　"We just want to open a video number and do two short videos about big health and food safety every week, but after talking to a professional shooting and production team, one will cost one or two thousand, and this funding has not yet been settled." After taking office last year, Shen Qi, director of the Institute of Agricultural Products Processing of Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, first thought was to promote popular science knowledge of food health to the public.

　　However, it is too difficult for this wish to land. "In addition to funding, the opening of WeChat official account has to be approved at different levels, and an interested scientific researcher has to be responsible for it." Shen Qi said that the recent statements of the central ministries and commissions calling for strengthening popular science work have given him hope. He said: "Maybe there will be funds to build WeChat official account next year."

　　Scientific researchers are considered as "the first starter of scientific communication", and it should be one of their duties to do a good job in popular science. However, for a long time, the proportion of scientific researchers involved in popular science is not high, and the atmosphere of popularizing scientific knowledge to the public has not become popular in scientific research circles. What is the reason for this? Is it a lack of system or a lack of funds? Some researchers’ answers may provide a basis for relevant state departments to formulate policies.

　　People who are most suitable for science popularization can’t let go of their hands and feet

　　Yongchun Zheng, a researcher at the National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, is now the "online celebrity" in the field of popular science.

　　"I didn’t take the initiative to enter this field, just like when I chose my major before. I didn’t take the initiative to choose, but I didn’t resist it when I had such an opportunity. I was willing to understand it, and I slowly entered through this process." In 2015, an accidental teaching experience brought Yongchun Zheng into contact with the writing of popular science articles, and he became a popular science expert step by step. "After publishing a book, he later registered a blog and had more opportunities to do more things, thus opening up a whole new world."

　　Today, when China has become a strong voice of the times, there are few "online celebrity" scientists like Yongchun Zheng, and it is still controversial whether popular science is the responsibility of researchers.

　　In recent years, a number of investigations and analyses on the participation of scientific researchers in popular science have drawn similar conclusions — — High recognition, strong will and weak mobility. Why can’t researchers who are most suitable for popular science let go?

　　Researcher Wang Yongdong, director of the Science Communication Center of Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, told the reporter that there are two main reasons why researchers are absent from popular science work: first, objectively speaking, popular science takes up the time and energy of researchers, but it doesn’t count in the assessment, such as awarding prizes, evaluating professional titles, and there is neither corresponding post setting nor corresponding incentive mechanism. After all, in scientific research units, everyone pays more attention to projects, papers, impact factors, talent hats, etc.

　　Secondly, subjectively speaking, most researchers feel that science popularization work does not need too deep professional knowledge; At the same time, I am worried that science popularization needs to use the achievements of others, resulting in intellectual property disputes. I feel that it is better to concentrate on writing my own paper than to spend time doing unfamiliar science popularization work.

　　The researchers interviewed agreed that in the current scientific research and talent evaluation system, most of the popular science contributions are nameless, unprofitable and thankless. Under the guidance of such a "baton", the collective cognition of attaching importance to scientific research and neglecting popular science has gradually formed.

　　"On the cultural level, although there is only one word difference between scientific research and popular science, they are completely different. The scientific research culture is inward, and it pursues recognition in academic circles and professional circles. The culture of popular science is extroverted, and it pursues public recognition." Yongchun Zheng said.

　　Scientific researchers can’t do "one size fits all" in doing popular science.

　　Since the existing "baton" ignores popular science, will the enthusiasm of researchers be high if the contribution of popular science is increased in the scientific research evaluation system?

　　The reporter learned that in recent years, the state has introduced relevant policies to encourage popular science. For example, "Several Opinions on Opening Scientific Research Institutions and Universities to the Society to Carry out Popular Science Activities" clearly puts forward the suggestion that the performance evaluation method of scientific communication should be regarded as an important basis for the evaluation of scientific researchers’ professional titles and post appointment. However, there are no substantive operating rules and hard rules, which leads to the failure to implement the policy.

　　In the interview, the reporter also found that researchers have different opinions on the proposal of establishing a rigid system for popular science assessment.

　　"I used to think that researchers should be encouraged to do popular science, or some institutionalized incentive mechanisms should be established, but now I feel more and more that we can’t generalize." Yongchun Zheng said that the main business of scientific researchers is scientific research. Doing popular science not only requires scientific research background, wide knowledge and willingness to share, but also takes a lot of time and energy to accumulate experience, which is not suitable for everyone.

　　Zhou Zhonghe, an academician of the China Academy of Sciences and a researcher at the Institute of vertebrate paleontology and Paleoanthropology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, once said at the 27th National Symposium on Science Popularization Theory that administration is a double-edged sword, and it is impossible to make a one-size-fits-all policy. For example, science popularization should be regarded as the assessment index for all scientific researchers.

　　Shen Qi suggested that a research group, a laboratory and a research institute can be quantitatively assessed, forcing the heads of teams and units to pay attention to popular science work.

　　Zhou Zhonghe said, encouragement is necessary, but it is more important to make researchers feel that it is beneficial to do it from the heart. At the same time, the scientific community will recognize the behavior of this profession and will not think that scientific researchers are "doing nothing" when doing popular science.

　　Luo Jingjia, dean of the Frontier Research Institute of Climate and Application in Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, has been working abroad for a long time. He told reporters that foreign scientists are very happy to share their scientific research progress and related scientific knowledge. "Isn’t writing papers a kind of popular science? It’s just a popular science for professionals. Since you can share it with insiders, why don’t you bother to spread science to the public? "

　　Luo Jingjia said that different languages need to be translated, and different disciplines are interlaced like mountains. Scientists in other fields are also members of the public and need popular science. Once this kind of cognitive and popular science culture is formed, there is no need for a system to make it hard.

　　The system of popular science should be established as soon as possible.

　　Lack of funds for popular science is the most common voice heard by reporters in interviews. So, do scientific research units have special funds for popular science work?

　　Among the 120 research institutes of Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology, China Academy of Sciences, the scientific communication index is in the forefront. It is said that the institute should invest a lot in people and property to achieve such achievements. Wang Yongdong told reporters that the institute is very supportive of science communication, and the budget of the Science Communication Center alone this year has reached nearly 7.8 million yuan. Expenditure expenses include editing and publishing expenses of several professional magazines, purchasing expenses of library documents and materials, specimen maintenance expenses, operation expenses of Nanjing Paleontology Museum and personnel expenses. The annual income, including financial allocation, is very limited. After making ends meet, the institute will have to subsidize more than 3 million yuan, which is very stressful for a research institute that mainly carries out basic research.

　　At the same time, the scientists in the institute are also very enthusiastic about popular science work. "On May 18 this year, we hired more than 20 researchers in the institute as the first batch of science communication experts." Wang Yongdong said that this group of science communication experts actively participated in the writing of the exhibition outline and exhibition board explanations, the design of booths and exhibits, video shooting, and popular science lectures and activities.

　　Yongchun Zheng suggested that the state should establish a system of popular science as soon as possible, and subsidize popular science as it does scientific research, such as setting up a popular science fund, a popular science talent plan, and awards for popular science achievements. "Researchers can get project funding and national awards, and they can also be recognized by their peers, so they will naturally be willing to join them." Yongchun Zheng said.

　　Wang Yongdong also believes that the state can set up science communication projects in the Natural Science Foundation, and science communication awards can also be set up among the three major science and technology awards.

　　At the same time, respondents generally believe that popular science training and personnel training must be taken seriously. "After doing science popularization and science education, I found that this person is studying high-energy physics, and that person is studying applied mathematics and analytical chemistry. Does anyone study science? We need someone who can connect different disciplines and be compatible, and give these talents the overall scientific nourishment from the perspective of future talent training. " Yongchun Zheng said.

　　Wang Yongdong suggested that the science communication course should be set up as a compulsory course in science and engineering majors in universities, so that students can master the expressive ability of difficult content and the essentials and methods of integrating media communication. Only when they take up their jobs in the future can the results be clearly described and disseminated, so that the whole society and the general public can understand, understand and use them.

　　Iranian Foreign Minister Zarif. (Source: Student News Agency)

　　Overseas network September 29 th　Iranian Foreign Minister Zarif said that during his visit to new york, he had a telephone conversation with some members of the US Congress, but unfortunately, he did not hold face-to-face talks with them due to the shortened trip.

　　According to the semi-official Iranian Student News Agency (ISNA) on the 29th, Zarif told reporters when he was preparing to leave new york for Teheran that during his visit, he had talks with different groups in the United States, including some US congressmen. Zarif said that he was called by members of the US Congress. Due to the shortened itinerary, he could not coordinate these members to come to new york for face-to-face talks. He deeply regretted this. Zarif stressed that these US lawmakers have not made any demands on Iran, and Iran will not interfere in the US election. The Iranian side has held talks at the request of the other side and used these talks to show the true image of Iran.

　　Iranian President Rouhani and American President Trump. (overseas network puzzle)

　　When talking about the reports about the meeting between Rouhani and Trump, Zarif said that Trump was only trying to hold talks with Rouhani during his stay in new york this week, and Trump was unwilling to accept the lifting of sanctions as a prerequisite for the talks, so the bilateral talks could not take place. Zarif pointed out that direct talks between Trump and Rouhani have never been put on the agenda, and Iran is only willing to participate in the talks within the framework of the Iranian nuclear deal. Zarif also said that Trump did not promise to lift the sanctions after the talks, but Trump preferred to hold the talks directly and it was possible to lift the sanctions after the talks.

　　The Iranian side’s trip to the United States this time can be described as a thorn all the way. The 74th session of the United Nations General Assembly opened on September 17, 2019. Earlier, Iranian President Rouhani and Foreign Minister Zarif were delayed in obtaining American visas. Rouhani and Zarif "may cancel" their trip "if (the US) doesn’t issue visas within a few hours", Yitong News Agency reported on the 18th. On the same day, Trump said on the Iranian visa issue, "This matter does not depend on me." It was not until 19th that the Iranian delegation to the United Nations announced that the United States issued visas to the Iranian President and Foreign Minister, allowing them to attend the UN General Assembly in new york.

　　Iran said earlier that only when the United States returns to the agreement can the two sides contact. (Photo: Associated Press)

　　On the other hand, the repeated statements of the United States do not rule out the possibility of Trump meeting Rouhani during the UN General Assembly. On the 4th, after imposing additional sanctions on Iran, when asked about the possibility of meeting with Iranian leaders during the UN General Assembly, Trump said that "everything is possible". When he delivered a speech at the UN General Assembly on 24th, Trump also said that the possibility of direct dialogue with Iran was not ruled out, but the sanctions would not be lifted in advance.

　　However, the premise of the Iraqi side is that the United States must lift the sanctions before there can be talks. Iranian Foreign Minister Zarif said on the 22 nd that the premise of holding talks is that Trump promised to ease sanctions against Iran. Iranian President Rouhani also said in his speech at the general debate of the United Nations General Assembly on 25th that Iran has never bowed to foreign forces and refused to negotiate with those who imposed "the harshest sanctions in history". (Compile/Overseas Network Hou Xingchuan)