Qingwenyi Xinhua Net Map

On November 9th, Qing Wenyi, a 17-year-old swimming star, died suddenly in the dormitory of the Beijing national team. She had just won the women’s 100-meter and 200-meter breaststroke gold medals at the first Youth Games.

According to Xinhua News Agency, Qing Wenyi suddenly went into shock in the dormitory in the early morning of November 9, and the team immediately called the 120 ambulance. However, the rescue failed to save the young girl’s life.

As of press time, the China Swimming Team has not announced the detailed reasons for Qing Wenyi’s sudden death, and it does not rule out that it was caused by a sudden heart attack.

In the early morning, my teammates were awakened by a loud cry.

According to Xinhua News Agency, it happened at three or four o’clock in the morning on November 9. My roommate was awakened by a loud cry from Qing Wenyi. She turned on the light and called her, only to find that she didn’t respond. The roommate invited the team doctor to make a preliminary diagnosis. The team doctor thought the situation was bad and called 120 ambulances.

The ambulance doctor carried out emergency rescue on her while sending her to Tiantan Hospital for further rescue. After informing Qing Wenyi’s parents, the national team, the Beijing team and the relevant leaders and responsible persons of the Beijing Municipal Sports Bureau, they rushed to Tiantan Hospital separately. After nearly an hour of rescue, Qing Wenyi was still unable to pull back from the death line. Tiantan Hospital announced the death of Qing Wenyi.

While Qing Wenyi was sent to the hospital, the national swimming team also informed her parents. As the only daughter in the family, Qing Wenyi’s death also caused great pain to her parents. They said that they would not do an autopsy and hoped to let their daughter rest in peace as soon as possible.

She was once regarded as the future "female frog king"

The name Qing Wenyi is not familiar to people, and she only came to the fore at the Youth Games last month.

At the Youth Games held at the end of October, Qing Wenyi won the 100m breaststroke champion on behalf of Beijing Shunyi Team, and two days later, she won the second gold in 200m breaststroke.

After Luo Xuejuan and Qi Hui retired, China women’s breaststroke entered a "off-schedule period", and 17-year-old Qing Wenyi’s performance at the Youth Games made people see the potential. Her winning results in the women’s 100m and 200m breaststroke in the Youth Games were 1 minute 08.99 seconds and 2 minutes 30.39 seconds respectively, and these two results could reach the semi-finals in Kazan World Championships.

After winning two gold medals in the Youth Games, she told the reporter of Beijing Evening News that her achievements "should have room for improvement". After Beijing Shunyi team won the silver medal in the 4× 100m medley relay, she also wrote in her own Weibo that "go back and continue to work hard".

However, it is a pity that the swimming star can no longer be seen in the swimming pool.

The physical examination was normal, and the national team had a case of sudden death.

Up to now, the specific cause of death of Qing Wenyi has not been announced, and it is not ruled out that it was caused by a heart attack.

It is worth mentioning that just two weeks ago, on October 28th, Qing Wenyi also took part in a physical examination with all her teammates, and all the results were normal.

However, Sun Chunli, the leader of the Beijing swimming team, told Beijing Youth Daily that Qing Wenyi had a comment on sinus bradycardia on his physical examination form, but it was normal for most people who often engaged in sports. Sun Chunli also revealed that such sudden death occurred once in the national swimming team in 1972, and was diagnosed as acute pancreatitis after dissection. The situation of Qing Wenyi is somewhat similar, but it cannot be asserted that it is related to heart or pancreatitis.

According to Xinhua News Agency, Qing Wenyi was a substitute member of the national team. She just concentrated on training on November 2, and the current training is only a recovery training. The intensity is not great. On the 8 th of the day before her death, she only swam less than 1,000 meters. It seems that it is difficult to think that "too tired" is the direct cause of her sudden death. Ma Wei, an expert in cardiovascular medicine at the First Hospital of Peking University, explained in an interview with Tencent Sports: "Under normal circumstances, sudden death is caused by heart overload. Young cases like Qing Wenyi are mostly caused by hereditary or congenital heart abnormalities, and myocarditis is very likely."

Some people also suspect on the internet that Qing Wenyi’s sudden death is related to stimulants. However, people related to the swimming team denied this speculation, saying that everything was normal in the doping test of the Youth Games, and no doping was found. It can be confirmed that the death of Qing Wenyi was not caused by doping.

Swimmers are also at risk of heart disease.

It is worth mentioning that this is not the first time that a swimmer has died suddenly. In April 2012, Norwegian swimmer alexander dale oen died suddenly in the locker room of the swimming pool during the Olympic training camp. The final death report showed that he died of a serious heart disease caused by a coronary blood clot.

In 2007, Zhou Yanchun, a 17-year-old national first-class swimmer in Shanghai, drowned in the swimming pool. The cause of death was also that he had myocarditis before and suffered from ventricular arrhythmia due to lack of oxygen during high-intensity training.

In fact, two Olympic champions, Luo Xuejuan and Sun Yang, also suffer from heart diseases. Luo Xuejuan had to retire early, regretfully, from the initial heart ischemia and hypoxia to multiple ectopic beats. Sun Yang also suffered from myocarditis caused by a cold in 2008, resulting in insufficient blood supply to the myocardium, and Kazan World Championships also suffered from heart discomfort in the 1500m freestyle final. He once told The Paper that in severe cases, the heart beat 10,000 times a day.

An expert who used to be a researcher of the national swimming team told The Paper that there is no direct evidence that swimming is easy to cause heart disease. "Compared with other sports, the proportion of heart disease among swimmers is not high, and foreign reports show that the probability is a few ten thousandths."

However, he also admitted that because swimmers have been challenging the physical limits, the heart load is not small. "And holding your breath in the water will also cause the problem of heart ischemia and hypoxia. Once there is a problem with the heart, there is indeed a risk."

A former national swimmer who did not want to be named also told The Paper that short-distance swimming training will have some impact on the heart. "Generally, in short-distance swimming training, most of them use the method of holding their breath to reduce resistance and improve speed in an anaerobic state. In fact, under the condition of high-intensity training competition, this does have an impact on the heart."

On January 9th, Netease Cloud Music announced a brand-new revision today. The core sections such as homepage recommendation/playing interface/personal homepage/community square were completely refreshed, and Slogan was changed back to the first edition (Note of IT House: the original Slogan is the power of music).

Netease Cloud Music officially said that there are two points that need to be apologized to everyone most (Note of IT House: the first one was not said). The official decided to promote the biggest revision of Netease Cloud Music in history, "returning to the way it all started".

First of all, Around listening to music, we have created the whole home page for you. Fully personalized customization, from daily push and private radar to song list and singer, can recommend good music for you in many dimensions.

Secondly,. "AIDJ" will take you into a more immersive listening experience. Spiritual roaming is also a kind of running away. The advantage is that the more immersed you are, the less likely it is to be disturbed by mundane chores.

Third,. Maximize "music criticism is community", recommend high-quality music criticism according to your preference for listening to songs, and the lonely soul will eventually be understood in every music criticism.

Finally,. We are here to recommend songs, charts, podcasts and so on carefully selected by Yuncun Editor. Let you enjoy the accurate recommendation of the algorithm and still experience the fun of browsing "music magazines". We think this is also "cloud music".

In addition to the above, all the impractical functions that disturb your listening to songs have been deleted.

IT house test, the latest version of Netease cloud music after revision is, you can go to the official introduction page to learn more information and download the App.

Original zi yi Guo ke

Imagine such a scene: a new drug-resistant bacteria will be popular among people in the future, and you are unfortunately infected and lying in the intensive care unit. All the antibiotics injected into your body are completely ineffective, and your life is dying, and you will die like many infected people …

Terrible, isn’t it?

In order to keep yourself alive and avoid the above scene becoming a reality, can you get rid of the habit of taking antibiotics easily from now on to ensure your safety?

No, you don’t abuse antibiotics, your family and friends may abuse them, strangers you meet on the road may abuse them, and even pigs may abuse them.

However, does the use of antibiotics have anything to do with my infection? Of course, drug-resistant bacteria from other people and animals can also infect you.

Abuse of antibiotics by others or animals may also infect you giphy drug-resistant bacteria.

Gonorrhea in the U.S navy is difficult to treat.

Because the sex workers used the wrong antibiotics?

In the 1960s, millions of sailors gathered all the year round at the US Naval Base in subic bay. A large number of people flow has promoted the prosperity and development of local economy, especially bars, nightclubs and brothels. Navy soldiers often hang around these places as long as they are not on duty.

After indulging, many people go to see a military doctor as soon as they return to the boat because they find urethral secretions. They were diagnosed with gonorrhea, that is, gonococcal infection, and received standard penicillin treatment. But strangely, the treatment effect of the navy is not ideal, and the number of infected people is increasing.

The preventive medicine department of the navy conducted an investigation and found that there were two reasons for the failure of the navy’s treatment: one was misdiagnosis, and half of the people suffered from nongonococcal urethritis (such as chlamydia and mycoplasma infection) instead of gonorrhea; The second is drug resistance. The other half of the soldiers who were really infected with gonococcus had strong drug resistance to penicillin, which was not common at that time.

Why is there such a large-scale drug resistance at the naval base in subic bay?

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is resistant to penicillin, which leads to unsatisfactory treatment effect of gonorrhea | flickr

Gonorrhea is mainly transmitted through sexual contact. Considering the common "recreational activities" of the navy, the preventive medicine department began an investigation from sex workers. It turns out that in a clinic where sex workers gather, doctors use benzathine penicillin to treat gonorrhea of sex workers, and they also go to the pharmacy to buy this penicillin themselves.

However, killing Neisseria gonorrhoeae, especially Neisseria gonorrhoeae resistant to penicillin, requires the use of fast-acting drugs, and the drugs cannot stay in the body for too long, otherwise it will provide natural selection opportunities for drug-resistant bacteria. Therefore, the most suitable drug is procaine penicillin, not benzathine penicillin, which has slow onset and long retention time in the body. Excessive use of the same wrong drug has produced penicillin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in sex workers.

At the same time, the preventive medicine department also found that when the sex workers were examined in this small clinic, the doctor never disinfected the vaginal dilator to improve efficiency, but put a big bucket of water beside him. After each patient was examined, he rinsed it in the bucket and then continued to examine the next one. This irregular operation paved a broad road for the spread of pathogenic bacteria …

In this way, the drug-resistant bacteria spread from one sex worker to another, and then infected the navy soldiers through sexual transmission, and the soldiers then spread them to other sex workers, which led to the widespread spread of drug-resistant bacteria.

After discovering the cause, the Department of Preventive Medicine improved the treatment scheme of gonorrhea, and solved the problem of cross infection by purchasing sterilizers and a large number of vaginal dilators. Finally, the number of patients with drug-resistant gonorrhea plummeted, and the situation of seafarers improved.

Drug-resistant bacteria repeatedly "jump horizontally" among sex workers and naval soldiers, leading to the widespread spread of drug-resistant bacteria | pexels

Pigs eat antibiotics

It can also "upgrade" the bacteria on people.

Drug-resistant bacteria can spread not only between people, but also between people and animals.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the common multi-drug resistant bacteria, also known as "superbugs".

It is speculated that in 2019, more than 100,000 deaths were related to MRSA. In a study published in June, 2022, Lucy A. Venat of Cambridge University proposed that MRSA (livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, LA-MRSA) in livestock was an important reason for the increasing human infection with MRSA.

Simply put, if pigs eat more antibiotics, they can also "pass" drug-resistant bacteria to people.

But this "transmission" is not that bacteria directly run from pigs to people, but that drug-resistant bacteria in pigs pass the "skill" of drug resistance to bacteria in people. This is achieved by Mobile genetic elements, MGEs). MGEs can "transport" drug-resistant genes from one bacterium to another, even if the two bacteria belong to different species.

Drug-resistant genes can be integrated into plasmids, and then enter other bacteria through plasmids.

Scientists have found that among the most common LA-MRSA in Europe, one MGEs with drug resistance gene has been stably inherited for 57 years, which dates back to the time when antibiotics were widely used in livestock.

When livestock use a large number of antibiotics to produce LA-MRSA, the related drug-resistant genes can be grafted into human Staphylococcus aureus through MGEs transfer, so that the common Staphylococcus aureus can be "upgraded" to drug-resistant MRSA. Even if humans did not use antibiotics at that time, they would be infected with bacteria that were more difficult to treat.

"One world, one health", the uncontrolled use of antibiotics on animals will eventually affect human beings.

After a large number of animals use antibiotics to produce drug-resistant bacteria, the related drug-resistant genes can "upgrade" the bacteria in people | wallpaperflare

Norwegians eat 24 tons of antibiotics every year.

Norwegian salmon eats 48 tons

Today, more and more people are aware of this potential crisis, and the control system of antibiotic use in aquaculture tends to be perfect, but this was not the case decades ago.

After the emergence of antibiotics, people who breed livestock and poultry found that feeding antibiotics can not only fight against some infectious diseases, but also promote the growth of livestock and poultry, increase the output of agricultural meat products and improve profits.

In the 1960s, many countries, such as Britain, Germany, the Netherlands, and the United States, enacted laws to reduce the use of antibiotics-especially to reduce the use of antibiotics for humans by livestock. However, driven by interests, these policies are either strongly resisted or disobeyed, and it is always difficult to implement them.

But there are also successful examples.

Norway has the highest salmon production in the world, and its quality is among the best.

Orange-yellow fish, fresh Q-bomb, is soft, tender and smooth in one bite, melts in the mouth, and the special aroma spreads in the mouth … Well, it’s a bit off topic | flickr.

In 1980s, Norwegian salmon industry developed on a large scale, which brought a problem, that is, furuncle began to spread in fish on a large scale. In order to protect salmon, Norwegian fishermen began to use antibiotics preventively and added them directly to fish feed. By the end of 1980s, the demand for antibiotics was increasing, and fishermen even used cement mixers to mix them into fish feed.

During that time, Norwegians prescribed an average of 24 tons of antibiotics every year, while salmon consumed 48 tons of antibiotics every year. Salmon used twice as many antibiotics as all Norwegians!

These fish feeds mixed with antibiotics were directly poured into the fishing ground and flowed into the nearby waters, so that high levels of antibiotics appeared in fish thousands of meters away from the fishing ground, and even in birds that feed on fish.

Local TV stations have produced relevant documentaries, calling on the government to issue an antibiotic supervision bill. However, the appeal was strongly resisted by fishing groups, and the documentary producers also received anonymous threat bombs. Documentaries have been banned, but the truth will never be buried. The public is paying more and more attention to the problem of drug resistance, and the fishery is under increasing pressure.

Fortunately, people later developed a salmon vaccine that can prevent furuncle, which can be injected from the abdomen of fish through automated procedures. This method not only reduces the use of antibiotics, but also stabilizes the salmon economy and has been vigorously promoted.

In 1994, vaccination of salmon became a routine operation in Norway, and the use of antibiotics plummeted.

In recent years, countries are trying to limit or stop using antibiotics in aquaculture. China has always advocated the rational and standardized use of antibiotics in livestock and poultry breeding. Announcement No.194 issued by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs stated that since New Year’s Day in 2020, the addition of antibiotics to feed in China has been completely banned.

Efforts to restrict or stop using antibiotics in aquaculture | Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China

The emergence of drug resistance predates the invention of antibiotics.

But the abuse of antibiotics makes it rampant.

Whether in the medical industry or animal husbandry, standardizing the use of antibiotics is to avoid producing drug-resistant bacteria and ensure that after human beings are infected with bacteria, antibiotics can kill bacteria and cure diseases.

However, the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria is not entirely the result of antibiotic use.

A study in 2012 found that there were many kinds of bacteria resistant to potent and advanced antibiotics in Lechuguilla cave, which was isolated from human civilization for nearly 4 million years. Among the 40 antibiotics tested by the researchers, a Bacteroides bacterium with the number LC231 is resistant to 26 of them.

Lechukier Cave | flickr

Another similar example is that in 2013, scientists analyzed a batch of microbial specimens from isolated Indians living in the depths of the Amazon jungle, who had never used antibiotics. The results showed that these microorganisms were resistant not only to natural antibiotics, but also to some synthetic antibiotics.

Therefore, it is actually natural evolution that initially caused bacteria to develop drug resistance.

For a long time, there are many kinds of bacteria in the soil. In order to compete for living space, they have to work hard to find ways to beat their competitors. Some bacteria have evolved the ability to make antibiotics and actively attack other bacteria. For example, the streptomycin we use now comes from streptomyces griseus in the soil. There are also some "Buddha" bacteria that only defend and do not attack. In order to defend their territory, they have evolved a set of mechanisms to resist the attack of foreign antibiotics, which is drug resistance.

Drug resistance is difficult to deal with because it is a defense mechanism that bacteria have evolved for thousands of years.

In the common defense system of bacteria, the outermost layer is the cell wall, which resists foreign attacks like a city wall, and the inner layer is a relatively thin inner membrane, which together protect the interior of bacteria from being destroyed.

When different kinds of antibiotics invade bacteria, they have different strategies:

Classification of attack modes against bacterial antibiotics

(1) by opening holes in the cell wall and cell membrane to launch a large-scale frontal attack, thus killing bacteria, such as polymyxin.

Frontal attack on cell walls and cell membranes | Photo courtesy of the author

(2) to prevent bacteria from building a complete cell wall, so that they lose protection and rupture and die, such as penicillin, cephalosporin, vancomycin, etc.

Prevent bacteria from building cell walls | Photo courtesy of the author

(3) Sneak into bacteria, control the "headquarters" in charge of the synthesis of important substances, interfere with the synthesis of nucleic acids, enzymes, protein, and inhibit bacterial reproduction, such as tetracycline, azithromycin, levofloxacin and sulfonamides.

"Hijacking" the bacterial "headquarters" and interfering with the synthesis of important substances | Photo courtesy of the author

In the process of resistance, bacteria constantly evolve through gene mutation, and some random mutations can just resist the attack of antibiotics, so this part of bacteria survived the battle and passed this mutation on to the next generation, giving future generations the ability to resist antibiotics. There are many forms of these mutations, mainly the following:

Classification of bacterial defense modes

(1) create cell walls that antibiotics can’t recognize, so that they can’t play a role, such as vancomycin-resistant drug-resistant bacteria.

② Shrink the boundary and reduce the permeability of the cell wall, so as to prevent certain kinds of antibiotics from entering the interior, or strictly limit their quantity, and weaken their bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects.

③ Use the efflux pump on the cell membrane to actively pump antibiotics out of the body.

(4) using the cleaving enzyme in bacteria to cut off antibiotic molecules, so that it loses its curative effect. One of the most famous enzymes is called "β-lactamase", which can cut off β -lactam antibiotics such as penicillin, cephalosporin and vancomycin.

⑤ Adding chemical groups to antibiotic molecules makes antibiotics huge and difficult to reach the "headquarters".

⑥ Change the shape or size of the target targeted by antibiotics, so that antibiotics cannot accurately identify and attack. For example, MRSA stopped synthesizing protein, which can be found by the antibiotic methicillin, and instead made another protein with different structure but the same function.

The drug resistance mechanism of drug-resistant bacteria found in Lechukier cave is almost the same as that of the well-known drug-resistant bacteria, and even several more than that previously known by human beings. This is enough to show that the mechanism of bacterial drug resistance is very old, and it may have existed before human activities.

So, what’s the point of restricting the use of antibiotics?

Of course there is.

In natural evolution, for thousands of years, the bacteria that produce antibiotics and the bacteria that resist antibiotics have restricted each other and reached a balanced competition. However, the overuse of antibiotics in the world has led to more and faster evolution of drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria, and drug-resistant bacteria in soil, water, homes and hospitals have flourished and flooded without substantial competition.

Therefore, although the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria is the result of natural evolution, the proliferation of drug-resistant bacteria is indeed caused by antibiotic abuse.

The terrible thing about flooding is that the speed of human research and development of new antibiotics can’t keep up with the speed of drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria. If this continues, there will be more and more infectious diseases without antibiotics, and the number of people who die from drug-resistant bacterial infections will also increase year by year.

The overuse of antibiotics in the world makes pathogenic bacteria evolve drug resistance more and faster | The University of Queensland.

Avoid drug resistance:

You can’t use more or less.

If you want to avoid the proliferation of drug-resistant bacteria and the horror scene at the beginning of the article, there are some ways.

First of all, don’t use antibiotics when they can’t cure the disease.

In the eighties and nineties, for many people, antibiotics were the "standard" for treating cough, fever and diarrhea, and they could be bought at pharmacies at any time without a doctor’s prescription. So, regardless of the cause of discomfort, let’s take an antibiotic first. At that time, in some remote areas, some people even took penicillin as a health care drug and gave it once a year to keep fit.

In many cases, there are no pathogens that can be killed by antibiotics. Antibiotics can only kill or inhibit specific pathogens through the mechanism mentioned above, but besides bacterial or fungal infections, people may get sick by virus infection, allergic reaction, inflammatory diseases, physical or chemical damage, etc. Antibiotics have no therapeutic effect on these situations.

When used in symptomatic cases, antibiotics can not cure diseases, but only increase the risk of drug resistance, without any benefit!

Antibiotics ≠ anti-inflammatory drugs

Many people are used to calling antibiotics "anti-inflammatory drugs". In fact, this statement is wrong, and the confusion of concepts can easily lead to some oolong incidents (click for details).

Strictly speaking, "anti-inflammatory drugs" should be called "anti-inflammatory drugs". Inflammation refers to a defensive response of the human body to stimuli, which is generally manifested as "redness, swelling and heat pain", which can be infectious inflammation caused by pathogens or non-infectious inflammation not caused by pathogens. Anti-inflammatory drugs refer to drugs that can resist these reactions, including steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (such as glucocorticoid) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (such as ibuprofen and acetaminophen).

In a word, the role of antibiotics is to kill or inhibit specific pathogens, and the role of "anti-inflammatory drugs" is to reduce the inflammatory reaction of the body. The roles of the two are different and the applicable diseases are different.

Having said so much about the dangers of antibiotics, should we regard antibiotics as a scourge and ban their use? Of course not! Since penicillin was discovered in 1928, the contribution of antibiotics to human health is beyond doubt.

According to a report in 2016, there are about 214,000 children under the age of 5 who die from drug-resistant infections every year in the world, but the number of people who die because they can’t get antibiotics is twice this number. Obviously, it is impossible to use antibiotics completely at present.

So, some "smart people" found a middle point by themselves: since it is not good to eat more, I will eat less. The doctor asked me to eat for three days if I ate for five days, and the doctor asked me to eat one if I ate two pills …

Please don’t! This is not treating a disease, but making a culture medium for drug-resistant bacteria. Because the pathogens always follow such a golden rule: those who can’t kill me will eventually make me stronger.

When the dosage and use time of antibiotics are not up to standard, all pathogens cannot be killed, and those who survive can easily evolve the best resistance to this antibiotic and pass on the resistance genes-not only to their offspring through reproduction, but also to other bacteria and others.

Therefore, when using antibiotics, we need to find a balance: use it when necessary, and use it correctly and standardly. For ordinary people, the most important thing is to use antibiotics in a symptomatic, adequate and full course of treatment. As for how to do these three things, it is good to use the medicine strictly according to the doctor’s advice.

In addition, for your own health, you should also supervise people around you to take medicine well.

references

[1] Muhammad H.Zaman. History of drug-resistant bacteria [M]. CITIC Publishing Group, 2021.

[2] Matuszewska M, Murray GGR, Ba X, et al. Stable antibiotic resistance and rapid human adaptation in livestock-associated MRSA. Elife. 2022 Jun 28.

[3] Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators. Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis. Lancet. 2022 Oct 1.

[4] Bhullar K, Waglechner N, Pawlowski A, et al. Antibiotic resistance is prevalent in an isolated cave microbiome. PLoS One. 2012.

[5] Clemente JC, Pehrsson EC, Blaser MJ, et al. The microbiome of uncontacted Amerindians. Sci Adv. 2015 Apr 3.

[6] Norman A, Hansen LH, S?rensen SJ. Et al. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. Conjugative plasmids: vessels of the communal gene pool. 2009 Aug 12.

Author: Purple clothes

Read the original text

According to the Regulations on the Management of Electric Bicycles in Zhejiang Province, non-new national standard electric bicycles are not allowed to drive on the road from January 1, 2023.

Is your electric car up to standard?

What should I pay attention to when buying an electric bicycle?

Let’s take a look at this evaluation report.

involve

Yadea, Emma, Tailing, Luyuan

Xinri, Lima, Mavericks, No.9

Eight famous brands of electric bicycles, etc.

Recently, Zhejiang Consumer Protection Committee, Jinhua Consumer Protection Committee and Yongkang Consumer Protection Committee jointly released the comparative test results of electric bicycles.

Basic information of 8 electric bicycle samples

01.

National standard safety projects are all qualified.

In the speed limit, size limit

Among the 12 items such as vehicle quality and short circuit protection,

According to the standard test results.

All 8 sample cars are qualified.

Inspection of safety projects according to GB17761—2018 standard.

02.

The cruising range of Luyuan and other two cars is cost-effective

Endurance is mainly reflected by the ratio of measured cruising range to declared cruising range and the ratio of unit price to measured cruising range.

This experiment simulates a cyclist of about 75 kg riding on a slightly undulating asphalt road, from full charge to riding until he can’t ride.

Luyuan, Yadea, Tailing

The two ratios of the three sample cars are low.

It means that the cost performance is higher.

Summary of cruising range test

▲ There are many factors that affect the cruising range. The test data is for reference only.

03.

Luyuan and No.9 cars have good braking performance.

Sensitive and efficient braking performance is an important guarantee for riding safety, and braking distance is an intuitive embodiment of electric bicycle braking performance.

This braking performance test is mainly conducted according to Clause 6.1.2 of GB17761—2018. The test site is asphalt pavement, and the tester adds a counterweight to 75kg, and the tire pressure is 250kPa.

The test results show that:

The braking distance of two sample cars of Luyuan and No.9 is 3.3 meters, which tied for the first place;

Followed by the bell, 3.4 meters;

Emma, Mavericks and Nippon Sample Cars rank at the bottom, with 4.2m, 4.4m and 4.5m respectively.

Summary table of braking distance of each brand sample model

04.

The performance of two cars, Lima and Xinri, was at the bottom.

Riding comfort is mainly considered from several aspects, such as the comfort of speed bump, acceleration smoothness, steering control accuracy (especially low speed control) and the continuity of power output at the highest speed.

The six models purchased this time, such as Luyuan, Emma, Yadea, Lima, Tailing and Xinri, are simple models, with relatively cheap prices and simple functions, only with the function of starting the P-file.

Two vehicles, such as No.9 and Mavericks, are non-simple models with relatively high prices and rich functional configurations.

In the experiment, 8 testers each experienced 8 sample cars continuously to get a sense of riding experience. The test roads are flat asphalt pavement, pavement with many obstacles such as yellow mud and stones, and auxiliary roads with potholes. Testers ride according to the established route and score according to the dynamic performance of the vehicle.

Summary table of riding comfort test for simple models

▲ Lima, Xinri sample car

Summary table of riding comfort test for non-simple models

▲ No.9, calf sample car

05.

The "three guarantees" policies of different brands are different.

The manufacturer’s "three guarantees" policy for the motor, battery, controller, frame and other major parts of electric bicycles is one of the important indicators to measure after-sales service. The "Three Guarantees" policy for major components is mainly based on the official homepages or after-sales telephone numbers of various brands. Among them:

The "three guarantees" policy of Lima brand sample car is provided by the official service after-sales personnel of the manufacturer;

The other seven companies all inquired from official website. For details, please refer to the official websites of all brands.

Summary table of "Three Guarantees" of main components of each brand sample model ▼

There is no mandatory requirement for turn signals and rearview mirrors in national standards, and none of the electric bicycles purchased this time are equipped with turn signals and rearview mirrors. However, it can be found that turn signals and rearview mirrors are necessary in daily riding. Jinhua Consumer Protection Committee suggested that this aspect can be improved. (Chart data source: Jinhua Consumer Protection Committee)

Consumer reminder

Pay attention to check the saddle length.

01

Rational selection of vehicle types

Select the vehicle type according to the budget and usage scenarios, and ensure that the selection matches your own needs.

02

Check CCC certification mark

It is suggested to choose an electric bicycle brand with high popularity and good reputation; Inquire about the "three guarantees" period of products and the number of local after-sales service outlets to facilitate later maintenance; Check the CCC certification mark of the vehicle, and check the consistency between the certificate and the overall appearance of the vehicle, especially the saddle length. If there is a big discrepancy, it may be that the dealer is suspected of unauthorized modification, which may seriously affect the riding safety of electric vehicles.

03

Experience cycling on the spot

Feel whether the vehicle starts, accelerates and runs smoothly, whether the vehicle is comfortable to handle, and check the brake tightness, handlebar flexibility and wheel mobility to ensure that the selected vehicle is suitable for its own handling; Do not modify or ask the seller to modify the electric bicycle without authorization, so as not to bury hidden dangers for future driving safety.

04

Retained consumption voucher

Keep the proof of purchase, such as invoices, shopping receipts, detailed list of goods, etc. If quality problems of goods are found during use, complain about rights protection in time.

This is a piece of news that makes people drool!

In Chengdu on November 15th.

"Inheriting ingenuity and sharing taste"

The Opening Ceremony of the First Chengdu International Sichuan Cuisine Chef Festival was held.

Hundreds of catering colleagues from all over the country,

Many national treasure Sichuan cuisine masters,

The head of the famous Sichuan restaurant and the chef gathered together.

The scene is super spectacular and delicious!

If there is a "Victoria’s Secret Fashion Show" in the food festival, it is probably like this.

↓↓

A full 20 tables of "Tianfu feast"

All of them are from famous chefs in Chengdu famous shops and star-rated hotels.

And the hands of famous chefs from famous shops in Chengdu, Chongqing and Chengde.

They have come up with

The display of our own best-selling dishes and special dishes …

But what’s more, more, more eye-catching is that

It was released at the conference.

"50 classic Sichuan dishes in Chengdu"

It includes

35 traditional classic Sichuan dishes from 1860 to 1980.

15 Sichuan Cuisine Classics from 1978 to 2018

Let’s have a look. What have you eaten?

(High-definition beautiful picture in front, please connect the saliva)

1860-1980s

35 traditional classic Sichuan dishes

stir-fried boiled pork slices in hot sauce

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Chicken tofu pudding

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Jar meat

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According to China Chengdu Sichuan cuisine magazine agency

sweet white

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According to "Flavor World"

Salted boiled white

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Steamed Meat

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duck smoked with camphorwood and tea leaves

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Screenshot according to "Master’s Dish"

Stewed pork with brown sauce

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Dry-roasted fish

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Spicy Doufu 

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Kung Pao Chicken 

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According to China Chengdu Sichuan cuisine magazine agency

fried shredded pork with sweet and sour sauce

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Sliced Beef in Hot Chili Oil

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According to China Chengdu Sichuan cuisine magazine agency

Braised pork slices with crispy rice

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According to China Chengdu Sichuan cuisine magazine agency

Douban fresh fish

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Stir-fried liver and waist

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According to China Chengdu Sichuan cuisine magazine agency

Chinese Cabbage in Soup

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Qin Wang/Photography

Xuehuajinao

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Liu Rui/photography

Fairy duck

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According to the master’s dish

Home-cooked sea cucumber

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Braised Tofu Stuffed with Vegetables

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According to China Chengdu Sichuan cuisine magazine agency

Sautéed Sliced Chicken in Egg White

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According to Chi Ajuan

Ba Bao Guo Zheng

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According to the master’s dish

Pork Lungsin Chili Sauce

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Qin Wang/Photography

spicy chicken slices

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According to China Chengdu Sichuan cuisine magazine agency

Sweet and Sour Spare Ribs

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According to China Chengdu Sichuan cuisine magazine agency

Dongpo Pig Knuckle

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Sliced Boiled Pork with Garlic Sauce

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He Bin/Photography

Raw and roasted assorted vegetables

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According to the fire feast, home-cooked

Sautéed Shredded Beef with Chili Sauce

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crispy sweet and sour fish

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Braised Niutoufang

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Fish-flavored eight-piece chicken

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Hot nest chicken with ginger sauce

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According to the master’s dish

Zhusungan ointment decoction

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According to the master’s dish

1978-2018

15 classic Sichuan dishes

Sliced Fish in Hot Chili Oil

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According to China Chengdu Sichuan cuisine magazine agency

Mao Xue Wang

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According to China Chengdu Sichuan cuisine magazine agency

Sautéed Crab in Hot and Spicy Sauce

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make a good start/beginning

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Boiled Fish with Pickled Cabbage and Chili

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Dry stir-fried chicken

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Tuji gourmet tianxia

Fat beef in sour soup

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According to China Chengdu Sichuan cuisine magazine agency

Spicy grilled fish

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Braised eel vermicelli

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Fish-flavored shrimp steak

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According to Sichuan Cooking Magazine

Cuttlefish with pickled peppers

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According to China Chengdu Sichuan cuisine magazine agency

Roasted turtle with potato

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According to Tian Sanqi

Round cage glutinous rice fragrance

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spicy crayfish

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Sauté ed duck tongue with green pepper sauce

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According to the picture, eat all directions

besides

The conference also released

"Survey Report on Sichuan Food Consumer Satisfaction in 2020"

Also released a copy.

"Bashi Sichuan Cuisine Comfortable Sichuan" Food Map

You can punch in according to the map.

As an important part of the 17th Chengdu International Food Festival

The First Chengdu International Sichuan Cuisine Chef’s Day

Focusing on building an international gourmet capital with a global vision,

Accelerate the construction of a livable place with high quality of life "

Promote the steady development of Chengdu catering industry

Present the taste of Shudu and the international model ~

END

Article source: Chengdu Food News

People who like this content also like it.

Original title: "Since 1860, 50 classic Sichuan dishes in Chengdu have been released (detailed)"

Read the original text

[Text/Observer Network Li Zexi]

AOC in2018Elected the first in New York State in.14Members of the constituency, just took office with three other members (including Omar) jointly created the "left-wing squad" (The Squad）。 They often rely on social media to interact with their fans, and AOC has the highest number of fans on Twitter among members of the House of Representatives. At present, the "left wing squad" has existed.fiveFamous womenoneA male member of parliament frequently opposes the democratic establishment, for example, because he does not think that the democratic party2021The "Infrastructure Investment and Employment Law" promoted did not go far enough and all voted against it. Left-wing squadfiveFamous women19Arrested every day.

This article is an exclusive manuscript of Observer. It cannot be reproduced without authorization.

Editor’s Note: This article is from WeChat WeChat official account on Entrepreneurship, written by Xiaoxue, and reproduced by Chuangyebang with authorization.

A bowl of rice noodles with only 5 yuan and 7 yuan has not only eaten hundreds of billions of markets, but also been favored by capital for many times. So, how do entrepreneurs find opportunities in small rice noodles?

Today, we will dismantle the rice noodle industry.

With a history of 3,000 years, it has strong regional characteristics.

Rice noodles are made of rice as the main raw material through various processes, and then boiled or dry-fried with various vegetables or soup materials. The history of rice noodles can be traced back to the Zhou Dynasty more than 3,000 years ago. At first, rice and wheat were used as raw materials to make paste-like rice noodles. Linear rice noodles appeared in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and the rice noodle technology gradually matured in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. But rice is scarce, and early rice noodles were aristocratic food. Later, with the increase of rice planting scope and yield, the production technology of rice flour became more and more mature, and rice flour only entered the homes of ordinary people after the late Qing Dynasty.

Nowadays, where rice is cultivated, there are almost rice noodles, which determines the strong regional characteristics of rice noodles and invisibly becomes an important factor restricting the development of rice noodles. Rice noodles were popular in the south at first, and then gradually spread to the north. The branches of rice noodles are complex and extensive, which can be roughly divided into rice noodles, rice noodles, river noodles, kway teow and other categories. The variety forms are similar, but the taste is slightly different. For example, although the main ingredients of rice noodles and rice noodles are rice, sweet potato powder and potato powder are added to the rice noodles, so the taste will be different.

▲ Source: Network | Deep research and finishing

According to the "2019 Chinese Fast Food Industry Catering Big Data Research Report", in 2019, the number of stores in the powder category has reached 229,000, accounting for 8.9% of Chinese fast food restaurants, second only to rice fast food and noodles. With the popularity of specialty rice noodles such as snail powder, marinated powder and pork intestines powder, rice noodle brands on the market are also increasing. Enterprise survey data shows that from 2017 to the first half of 2021, there were nearly 80,000 newly registered rice noodle enterprises in less than five years. According to the data of China Commercial Industry Research Institute, the market size of China’s rice flour industry will exceed 100 billion yuan in 2020.

According to public comment data, Shenzhen, Guangzhou and Nanning have the largest number of rice noodle-related restaurants in China, followed by Chongqing, Shanghai, Beijing and Changsha. Moreover, since the beginning of the epidemic, the consumption demand of rice noodles has increased. In particular, Li Ziqi once again brought snail powder to the fire, and also launched a joint venture with the People’s Daily to push snail powder to the hot search again.

The main material in the upper reaches of rice noodles is rice, so the rice noodle production area is extremely wide, and most places where rice can be planted have built rice noodle production bases.Especially in southern provinces (regions) such as Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guangxi, Zhejiang, Fujian, Hunan, etc., this has caused the situation that the upper reaches of rice noodles are extremely scattered. For example, Ganshui Town, Qijiang, Chongqing planted 200 mu of rice flour special rice in order mode; Yuechi County, Sichuan Province has also set up a planting base for rice flour in Yutai Mountain.

Followed by raw materials such as sweet potatoes, potatoes and other rice flour additives; There are also raw materials around rice noodles, such as beans, snails, sour bamboo shoots, peas, meat, sauces, sauerkraut, peppers, fungus, peanuts, yuba, daylily, cowpea and so on. Take snail powder as an example, its raw materials are basically produced in Liuzhou. Liuzhou has a special comprehensive breeding area for rice snails, as well as a special demonstration base for the cultivation of auxiliary materials such as beans, peppers, bamboo shoots and auricularia auricula. All counties and districts will make every effort to develop large-scale snail breeding and build contiguous breeding bases. The planting area of bamboo shoots is over 100,000 mu. The data shows that the scale of Liuzhou snail powder raw material base has reached more than 500,000 mu. The output value of bagged snail powder in Liuzhou has reached 3 billion yuan, of which the income from agricultural raw materials accounts for 20~30%.

The middle reaches are mainly processing plants, distributors and foundries of various colors, and are also in a highly decentralized state.In the early days, the rice noodle production industry was mainly in the form of small family workshops. In the 1950s and 1960s, extensive rice noodle factories began to appear, and the production equipment used was still in the traditional mode. After the reform and opening up, especially in the past two decades, some formal modern rice noodle factories came into being.

For example, Liuzhou has built a snail powder industrial park, attracting more than 100 enterprises such as raw material supply, product processing, e-commerce, logistics and distribution. Changde rice flour established an industrial development group; Yuechi County, Sichuan Province is also promoting an industrial park integrating production, research and marketing to attract rice flour processing enterprises to settle in the park.

Many factories have also formed their own R&D characteristics. For example, Sanyang Gum Wheat in Guilin is a high-tech innovative enterprise integrating product research and development, production, sales and service. At present, it has reached the largest daily output in the country in the manufacture of moisturizing fresh powder, with a daily output of 250,000 bags. Moreover, it adopts UHT ultra-high temperature instantaneous sterilization and composite biological preservation technology, which can keep rice noodles fresh for 12 months at room temperature without stopping. You know, the shelf life of most wet powders is about one month.

▲ Source: Sanyang Rubber Wheat Factory

Some big chain brands have relatively stable supply channels. For example, Wumingyuan rice noodles originated in the northeast have set up branches and built warehousing and logistics centers in eight cities, including Shenyang, Beijing, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Hebei, Wuhan and Henan. Guifenghuang rice noodles and Liziqi snail powder mainly rely on foundries.

Nowadays, many factories will sell goods directly through e-commerce channels. For example, Liuzhou snail powder industry is very complete in the development of e-commerce. Some enterprises in the snail powder e-commerce industrial park will bring goods live in the workshop. And Taobao search "wholesale rice noodles", you can also see a large number of manufacturers, distributors and so on.

Downstream "big category, small brand" is highly dispersed, and there is no national chain brand at present.Although some well-known rice noodle brands have been born in recent years, for example, there are more than 500 chain stores of potato noodle for brothers and sisters, the total number of stores of Wumingyuan rice noodle has exceeded 2,200 at present, and the total number of stores of Grains and Fish Powder has exceeded 4,700, and there are about 60 direct stores in Baman. However, due to the obvious regional characteristics of rice noodles, there are not many brands nationwide. Our investigation found that at present, couples’ shops and regional brands are the main ones, and they are mainly concentrated in the southern cities in the third and fourth lines. The rent is low and the goods are available nearby. Moreover, for southerners, eating rice noodles is just needed.

Regional differences make it difficult to form a national chain brand.

Because there are many and complicated categories of rice noodles in China, different cities have different tastes and processing techniques of rice noodles, and different regions also have different ways to eat rice noodles. Therefore, many rice noodle brands are only deeply cultivated in the region, or they can only focus on the special taste of a certain place, so it is difficult to make it big and complete. For example, Baman is concentrated in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, most of Dafulan’s stores are in Shenzhen, Sanliang Powder focuses on Dongguan, Xiaoman Handmade Powder is mainly in Shanghai, etc. All brands are well-known locally. However, a few brands that have expanded their stores to the whole country, such as grain fishing powder, have not formed an influence corresponding to the volume in the national catering market.

Moreover, rice noodles are very fresh, but the shelf life of fresh rice noodles is mostly only one month or even shorter, which makes it difficult for rice noodles to expand nationwide.

Site selection determines the success rate of opening a store by 50%. According to our research, at present, rice noodles are still mainly eaten in the hall, and even take-away distribution is relatively small. For one thing, because rice noodles have no higher added value, the unit price is difficult to go up. For another, rice noodles with soup are not easy to transport, which will affect the taste. Real rice noodle lovers will be very picky about the taste and easily affect the repurchase rate. Moreover, the take-away platform is very high, and the profit of the rice noodle shop will be spread very thin.

Tanzai International is extremely cautious about site selection. Any proposal to open a new restaurant must be approved by the board of directors and the site selection committee, which is composed of the chief executive officer, the chief financial officer, the business development director and the general manager. Only after carefully evaluating the feasibility of the proposal can the proposal be approved. The evaluation criteria include whether the population and consumption demand in the potential area are sufficient to support the new restaurant, and the potential encroachment on other restaurants in the neighborhood.

▲ Source: Photo Network

During the epidemic, restaurants in shopping centers suffered heavy losses, and community stores will become a new direction. Xu Ming ‘en, director of investment promotion of Dagu rice noodle, once said: "Before the epidemic, Dagu rice noodle was a shopping mall, and later it may be considered to focus on opening a street shop." Most of Sister Lu’s stores are located in complexes, communities, street shops, transportation hubs, shopping centers and other places where there are more passengers, and then share the cost by expanding the stores.

The production technology is not complicated and the threshold is low.Rice noodles are easy to operate, quick to produce, independent of chefs, and easy to achieve standardization. With the emergence of prepackaged ingredients, rice noodles basically achieve the effect of instant meal. Moreover, the supply channels are diverse and the cost is low. For example, we casually compared two rice noodle factories and one supplier on Taobao. The price of dry powder is about 4 yuan/kg, and the price of wet powder is about 6 yuan/kg. Almost three bowls can be produced per kg. Even if it costs only six or seven yuan, the gross profit can reach about 60%.

Consumer awareness is high, and the epidemic has given birth to greater demand.As just needed, there are statistics,More than 40% consumers in China have taken rice noodles as their main meal.Coupled with the epidemic, the blessing of e-commerce platforms, short videos and social platforms has strengthened consumer awareness. According to our investigation, it is found that rice noodle shops are more suitable to open in the south, preferably in cities with rice noodle producers. Users in the south do not need user education, and they can use local materials, and the costs of rent and manpower in third-and fourth-tier cities are lower, which is a good direction for entering the market.

Policy support and promotion.In April, 2021, General Secretary visited Liuzhou snail powder production cluster, and proposed: "The development of industry must have its own characteristics. Snail powder is a feature, which has caught everyone’s stomach and made it an industry on the tip of the tongue. " In June, snail powder was listed on the national intangible cultural heritage list. The "14 th Five-Year Plan" has mentioned "characteristic industries" many times. As a characteristic industry with regional characteristics, rice flour will also receive greater policy support in the future.

Addictive taste, low price and high repurchase rate.Some people joked that "there are only 0 times and countless times to talk about powder", which shows the addictive characteristics of people eating powder. In addition to the refreshing feeling and low price, "spicy" is also a major feature, and spicy can stimulate endorphins to bring pleasure. According to the data of Meituan in 2020, the proportion of "spicy" after 90, 95 and 00 all exceeded 50%. In 2020, the top three restaurants will be hot pot, snack and Sichuan cuisine. Both hot pot and Sichuan cuisine have heavy taste attributes, and the refreshing feeling brought by spicy food is addictive. Zhang Tianyi, the founder of Baman Rice Noodle, once said that the reason why users like to eat Hunan Rice Noodle is "spicy enough and mellow enough".

Market recognition, capital entry.In the past two years, capital has entered the rice noodle/rice noodle brand one after another. For example, Hong Kong Fat Juice Milan obtained two financing, and Guizhou "Guifenghuang" completed the A round of financing; Hunan Baman Rice Noodle has successively obtained B+ and C rounds of financing; Guilin rice noodle suofenlao received 10 million RMB angel round financing. Even more, Tanzai International, the first stock of rice noodles, landed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, showing that capital began to pay attention to the track of low-priced snacks.

1. Standardization and process are the guarantee of becoming bigger and stronger.

Throughout the current well-made rice noodle brands, there are very efficient standardization processes.For example, Baman rice noodles are worth learning from in terms of standard and quantitative thinking. Its core business secret is a spice bag composed of 24 kinds of seasonings, which can ensure that every bowl of beef powder is made with the same high-quality taste. After the business expanded, they split the spice package to different suppliers, and each supplier only produced several seasonings with a specific ratio to keep the ingredients secret. At the same time, other raw materials also have standardized and quantified processes, such as stewing the bones with tendons for not less than 5 hours, using only early-season indica rice with amylose content of not less than 25% for rice flour, and not less than 399 for beef powder (SHU, Scoville Heat Unit).

Sister Lu also achieved rapid expansion by standardization. The product research and development center will provide the product quality, specifications and price requirements to the supply chain center, which will further determine the suppliers. Follow up the whole supply chain and deliver it to the store every day to ensure the fresh taste of food. There are uniform standards for rice noodles, sauces and standard ingredients. Pot-stewed snacks are uniformly distributed by factories and can be produced by heating in stores, which improves operational efficiency.

If you want to go far, you must take the healthy rice noodle route. During the interview, it was found that at present, more than 60% of rice noodles in China are easy to break because of the low quality of technology and rice, so many manufacturers add a lot of starch, which leads to high sugar content in rice noodles and greatly reduces their health. Some poor quality flour will turn pale blue after cooking, while the really good rice flour and soup are pure white. For example, in Sanyang Gum Wheat in Guilin mentioned above, professional doctors will join the R&D team to develop rice flour from the perspective of nutrition. The rice flour developed by their unique technology can reach 100% rice content. At present, this enterprise is a supplier of many big brands such as Baman and Uni-President.

▲ Source: Sanyang Rubber Wheat Factory

In addition, statistics show that the average life cycle of domestic rice noodle shops is more than 200 days, so it is very important to innovate products and make their tastes unique. For example, Baman’s products iterate 30% every year, but "SKU only keeps 10", so don’t worry about suffering from great inventory pressure. In the choice of ingredients, it is also necessary to form its own characteristics. For example, the sausage raw material of Da Fran only chooses Ningxiang pork, and Ba Man cooperates with Fanye Chili sauce; Four young rice noodles are selected from Hunan.

It can also be expanded in terms of categories, giving consumers diversified choices and raising the unit price of customers. According to "China Catering Big Data 2021" released by the catering boss’s internal reference, the number of stores below 30 yuan per capita decreased by 5.3%. In the snack category, the customer unit price rose from 22.8 to 25, an increase of 9.5%, and more and more snacks were upgraded and redone. The data of Meituan also shows that in 2020, snack and fast food stores in 10 yuan and below will be the mainstream; However, the growth trend of high customer unit price stores is obvious, with the fastest growth in the range of 20~30 yuan, which shows that there is still much room for improvement in the customer unit price of snack categories such as rice noodles.

▲ Source: Meituan | Deep research and finishing

At present, many brands adopt a mixed business model of overlapping snacks. For example, Da Fran’s "rice flour+snacks", Xiaoman’s handmade flour "rice flour+snacks+sugar water", Gui Fenghuang’s "mutton powder+snacks+Guizhou hot pot" and Sister Lu’s "marinated powder+snacks" and so on. This model can also adapt to various consumption scenarios such as brunch, dinner and snacks, and extend the business hours. For example, Sister Lu has realized the operation of "10 am to 10 pm" for a long time, even without closing for 24 hours, and the floor efficiency has been greatly improved.

The new national tide and the rise of generation Z have enabled rice noodle shops to "redo" from the inside out. At the level of store design, the cool black of Ba Man and the warm orange of Da Fran all pay more attention to consumers’ experience and pay attention to youthfulness. Qiao Fenghuang has formed a unique brand recognition with the brand concept of "aesthetics+Miao culture"; Guangzhou’s "in the alley" snail powder shop, because of its outstanding value, once became a holy place for punching cards through the decoration of literary petty bourgeoisie. By raising the brand tonality, the stereotype of rice noodle "street shop" has been subverted, and the customer unit price is correspondingly higher.

In the future, the rice flour industry will adopt the unbounded operation mode of "from store to home", "catering+retail" and "online+offline", and the chain and scale will have more advantages in this respect. Last year, double 11 Liziqi sold 7 million bags of snail powder online, which made many people see the magic of e-commerce. The impact of the epidemic on offline stores has also promoted many rice noodle brands to fight online. Yang Aijun, co-founder president of Yunnan Catering and Food Industry Association, said, "After the epidemic, the retailing of rice noodle products is bound to be a trend." The best example is that the production and sales of bagged snail powder will exceed 10 billion yuan in 2020.

Relying on the community to gain the hegemony of the first batch of users, during the epidemic, it also made up for the offline losses through e-commerce business. The data shows that in 2020, nave’s food revenue will only account for 20%, and the other 80% will come from take-away, e-commerce and offline retail. As of April 2021, e-commerce business grew by 400% year-on-year. In addition, rice noodle brands such as Guifenghuang, Dafulan, Siyou Youth and rice rolls in Hongli Village are all accelerating the layout of new retail channels for e-commerce.

As early as 2016, Baman introduced fresh food and prepackaged foods. It is distributed by the cold chain to the freezers of Shangchao convenience stores all over Beijing for sale-which expands the time and space boundary of products to days and dozens of kilometers.

The shelf life of prepackaged foods is as long as 120 days. The food factory produces dehydrated dried rice flour, sealed original soup, large pieces of beef, supporting side dishes and other raw materials, which are packaged after high-temperature sterilization and sold to retailers all over the country-the time and space boundary of products is further expanded to 2008 and the whole country. Today, Baman has formed an omni-channel layout of online e-commerce, offline supermarkets and convenience stores. Xu Ming ‘en, director of investment promotion of Dagu Rice Noodles, said that Dagu Rice Noodles will develop instant packaging rice noodles to better meet the new eating habits of ordinary people.

Of course, the cost of e-commerce is higher. We learned from the interview that the e-commerce platform will extract 23% of the sales, and it has higher requirements for operational capabilities and R&D capabilities, which is more suitable for the chained multi-store model.

Conclusion:The decentralized status quo of offline rice noodle shops in China and its low threshold allow entrepreneurs to find opportunities.

References:

How is this online celebrity rice noodle shop, which was selected into the Harvard Case Library? | Exclusive Case China Europe International Business School

The national rice noodle market is divided, where is the next spring of this category? | Observation of catering brands

How do local brands break through in the 100 billion rice noodle market? | Hongcan. com

(The article is only based on industry dismantling and does not constitute any investment advice.)

This article (including pictures) is reproduced by the cooperative media and does not represent the position of the entrepreneurial state. Please contact the original author for reprinting. If you have any questions, please contact editor@cyzone.cn.

Special feature of 1905 film network The romantic comedy film tells the romantic comedy story of Bai Na, a charlatan, and Yao Dong, a simple man in a small town. Don’t guess the girl’s mind, especially the heroine in this film. From the beginning to the end, it would be a big mistake if everyone’s impression still stays in the beauty school flower or the sad heroine. She has turned into an eccentric and eloquent female liar, holding the hero tightly.

Su Qin, an emotional expert, said: "Every time I see the heroine’s scene, I think of Zhang Wuji. He always doesn’t believe all the big beauties because his mother told him before his death that the more beautiful the girl, the more likely she is to cheat. Of course, this’ cheat’ is quoted, which makes people feel very cute. For example, she had a quarrel with a boy, and then slapped the man in the face, and immediately turned back to call her uncle and made a face of being beaten; There is also a bridge where the female host has been abandoned by love rat for five or six times when she is questioned by the male host and a large family. "

Bai Na in the film, relying on her own efforts, deceived almost everyone, and at the same time gained the love of these people. All this is not only due to her "deception", but Bai Na has various bright spots. When she first came to meet the male host family, she used the technique of sweet mouth. Her father, aunt and grandmother were called, and Bai Na didn’t say a word. She first narrowed the distance with this family in terms of address, which made everyone very happy.

At the same time, she is not stingy with her sincerity. When communicating with people, in addition to language, the communication assistance of sight and body is also very important. Bai Na pays great attention to details and uses her big eyes to convey emotions from time to time, which makes this family believe her unconditionally. Finally, there is Bai Na’s memory. She pays great attention to the information she has obtained, reorganizes it and relays it at an appropriate time, showing her concern for this family, which quickly enhances the family’s goodwill towards her.

It can be said that these characteristics of Bai Na are worth learning from many couples. Behind these so-called "tricks" are respect, sincerity and concern. It is these three skills that make Bai Na invincible and win the affirmation of the male owner and family. In the process of promoting the feelings of many couples, the other family is a very important factor. After talking about marriage, both men and women need to learn to get along with each other’s family system. At this time, we might as well try these characteristics of Bai Na and get along with each other’s family with sincerity and goodwill, so as to promote feelings and live a happy life together in the future.

When it comes to lovers and couples’ life, many people yearn for feelings of mutual respect, but in fact, this way of getting along is very unreal. Love and quarrel are often the normal state in feelings. Quarrel, as an indispensable part of it, makes many people feel headache and fear, because it often means the end or estrangement of a relationship, but the truth is that quarrel is not terrible. If it can be quarreled correctly, this small storm will become an emotional adhesive and a means of communication. When lovers and couples quarrel, the most important thing is to vent their true thoughts in each other’s hearts, so as to promote mutual understanding, while the most unscientific quarrel is cold violence, closing their hearts and not saying their true thoughts, or insulting each other with words when they are not right about people.

In Please Don’t Believe Her, the hero and heroine rarely involve such an unscientific way of quarreling, but in anger, some verbal injuries are hard to avoid, because everyone has the desire to protect their dignity. Once the bottom line and dignity are provoked, it is easy to make a more intense counterattack, so when quarreling, this line must be held. In one of the quarrels, the man accused the woman of being a liar. This word deeply hurt Bai Na, so she tried her best to show weakness. At the same time, she sought alliances and external forces to support herself, and used the man’s family to fight back, instead of taking other more intense ways to further worsen her feelings. In this process, she also gradually merged into a sincere, warm, kind and especially loving family from a liar. Everyone regarded her as a gentle, kind, lively and lovely girl, and her heart was affected, which made her such a beautiful self.

Sincere communication between feelings requires skill. Say the right words at the right time, and the communication time is very important, which will make everyone feel more rational. When communicating, you need to find the common ground between the other party and yourself first, so that the other party can accept it psychologically. Choosing the right time, the right place and saying the right words is a very important love wisdom. We must learn to understand each other, and in the process of constantly understanding each other, we can effectively promote our feelings and make each other happy and satisfied.

　　Recently, a drink named "Mohji" has exploded in the circle of friends on WeChat, and many Beijingers have lamented that "one sip will make you feel back to childhood". It is understood that the re-listed "Mohji" was launched by the beverage manufacturer Beijing Ershang Mohji Zhonghong Food Co., Ltd. and the e-commerce platform. Beijing Youth Daily reporter found that because of the limited early production of manufacturers, many scalpers started the business of reselling Mohji at a high price on the Internet. The original price was 69 yuan’s box of Mohji peach juice, and the highest price was sold to 150 yuan. In this regard, the person in charge of Mohji, the second merchant, said that it would increase the supply, and hoped that consumers would choose formal channels to buy.

　　Revival of old brand drinks leads to snapping up.

　　Recently, on the e-commerce platform "Daily Fresh", a drink named "Mohji" was labeled as nostalgic by many Beijingers. "Born in 1984, prospered in 1992, and revived in January 2018", even the slogan of the merchant said: "Do you want to have a bite of Mohji in 1992?"

　　The reporter of Beiqing Daily noticed that on this platform, there are two kinds of Mohji peach juice for consumers to choose from, one is 250ml×4 soft-packed Mohji peach juice beverage, which costs 12.9 yuan, and the other is 250ml×24 boxes packed in a whole box, which costs 69 yuan. The person in charge of Daily Youxian told the reporter of Beiqing Daily that Mohji drinks were snapped up by netizens as soon as they were put on the platform.

　　It is reported that Mohji peach juice was popular in the 1990s. Because of its flexible packaging, it is convenient for students to carry it for spring outing and autumn outing, and it occupies a certain share in the beverage market. Together with Arctic Ocean soda and Yili bread, it has become a classic memory of many "post-80s". Mohji not only represents the taste of childhood, but also created many games for children in the era of lack of entertainment facilities. Some netizens said that the correct operation after drinking Mohji is to open the four corners, blow them full and then step on them.

　　However, some netizens commented on the Internet that although the merchants have a nostalgic concept, they feel different from their childhood memories after drinking, and they are disappointed with this newly listed retro drink.

　　There are scalpers selling 150 yuan in a box online.

　　The reporter of Beiqing Daily saw on the daily fresh platform that the whole box of 24 boxes of Mohji peach juice had been sold out, and consumers could only buy it through pre-sale, and the delivery time was around March 10th. At present, consumers can only buy 4 boxes of Mohji peach juice at a price of 12.9 yuan, and each person is limited to one per day.

　　After Mohji’s return to China, the scalpers saw business opportunities. Some scalpers have started the business of increasing the price and reselling on the Internet. The reporter of Beiqing Daily found on a second-hand trading platform that many scalpers are reselling Mohji peach juice at high prices. On this platform, the price of a box of 240ml Mohji peach juice ranges from 5 yuan to 10 yuan, while the price of 24 boxes of original 69 yuan products is increased by scalpers to 80 yuan, 110 yuan and even the most expensive 150 yuan.

　　Subsequently, the reporter of Beiqing Daily consulted a scalper as a buyer. The scalper said that he bought 30 boxes of Mohji at one time on the daily fresh platform, but it was snapped up yesterday when it was hung on the second-hand platform. Now there is no whole box for sale, only 22 boxes are scattered. "This is not something that anyone can grab. I didn’t buy or sell it. There is always a wayward money."

　　These 22 boxes of Mohji peach juice are sold in 10 yuan, and the postage should be paid by the buyer. "Send them directly to the fresh boxes every day and they will arrive next Monday."

　　Another scalper said that a box of Mohji peach juice 5 yuan in his shop can be delivered by flash delivery within the Beijing Fifth Ring Road. The seller said that "there is no starting number, but it is not cost-effective to buy less flash." When the reporter of Beiqing Daily asked about the source of Mohji peach juice in the store and whether it was true or not, the store did not reply.

　　Merchants say that purchases should be made through formal channels.

　　The relevant person in charge of Mohji, the second merchant, told the reporter of Beiqing Daily that Mohji Peach Juice was officially sold on the platform of Daily Youxian on February 5, and it is only sold on this platform at present.

　　According to reports, Mohji Peach Juice was commissioned by Hand-in-Hand Juice Factory, and each machine produced 180,000 boxes a day. Some netizens questioned Mohji’s hype by means of hunger and thirst marketing, and the relevant person in charge said that due to the current hot sales of this beverage, the manufacturer has been speeding up production. "The packaging material manufacturer had already had a holiday, but we asked the packaging material manufacturer to invite the employees back to continue production, and the overtime pay incurred from it was also borne by us." The person in charge of the Second Merchant Mohji said.

　　In response to the high-priced reselling of Mohji on the Internet, the person in charge said that this would never be a manufacturer’s behavior. Although sales have just resumed, it is unlikely that the goods will be counterfeited, but the person in charge still reminds consumers that for the sake of insurance, they should choose formal channels to buy, and manufacturers are also stepping up efforts to ensure supply and meet consumers’ demand for old brands. Text/Reporter Zhang Yue Li Jia

　　Since the media era, it seems that everyone has a microphone and everyone can be a reporter. In this torrent from the media, we are not only faced with all kinds of information, all kinds of opinions and all kinds of analysis, but also rumors, attacks, abuse and all kinds of mixed information. In order to attract traffic, attract people’s attention and pursue 100,000+,some media practitioners use various means: some fabricate content, some use scary headlines, some copy other people’s original articles, and some even publish vulgar and pornographic content.

　　On May 11th this year, a WeChat WeChat official account published an article titled "Thanks to you, the driver who killed the stewardess is lying at home counting money". The article ignored the dignity of the deceased and the feelings of his family, and fabricated the details of the stewardess’s murder by novel, with exaggerated wording and even unbearable erotic imagination. It was criticized by netizens for marketing the tragedy, rubbing hot spots and eating too ugly, which angered the public. Under the pressure of netizens, this WeChat WeChat official account posted an apology letter that night. Because the publication of vulgar content caused public discomfort, the public number was permanently banned.

　　Media chaos: vulgar pornography

　　In order to create excitement, attract attention and increase traffic, some even publish pornographic and vulgar content from the media. On WeChat, a WeChat official account clicked in, which was full of titles such as "Hot Dance, Too Excited", "Uniform Temptation" and "Private Photo of Sexy Beauty". Clicking in the video of all kinds of beautiful women wearing naked and posing was unsightly; On Weibo, an account posted a series of pictures of naked men. Also on Sina Weibo, an account actually posted vulgar pictures involving teenagers.

　　Self-media chaos II: Title Party

　　In the self-media, in addition to vulgar and pornographic content, it is common to catch people’s eyes by headlines. In order to let users click and forward, the most frightening topics are often used, such as "frightening urine" and "amazing insider", which can often be seen in the circle of friends: "If it is Chinese, please transfer it to me, whether it is true or not." Get a high amount of forwarding and reading by means of moral kidnapping. There is also a kind of self-media that often uses the banner of life tips, tips and health care, and then adds "must see" and "immediately transfer to family" in the title. This kind of information is often easier to be read and forwarded in large quantities.

　　Since the media chaos 3: rumors

　　On October 10th, a warning notice signed by "Beijing Public Security Bureau" spread rapidly on the Internet. The notice said: A 2-ton elephant was lost in Haidian Zoo in Beijing, and a notice for finding the elephant has been sent to all districts, counties and towns in the city. He also pointed out: "Asian elephants are national first-class protected animals. They are thick-skinned, meaty, unpalatable and intolerant. I hope that the people involved will wake up in time, stop from the brink and surrender to the relevant departments to report the case and strive for leniency." The inscription reads "Beijing Public Security Bureau". Soon, Weibo, the Beijing Zoo, denied the rumor and confirmed that the news was false. Subsequently, Weibo, the official of Beijing Public Security Bureau, released a message: The zoo counted the elephants and they were all there. According to the investigation, the rumour maker forged the warning notice, which led to the massive spread of the false information on the Internet. The police imposed a three-day administrative detention on him according to law. Let’s take a look at this again: "Goodbye, paper train tickets, official notice from the General Administration of Railways." This kind of information is false at first glance, but it is often forwarded by a large number of netizens who don’t know the truth because the news is incredible.

　　The fourth chaos from the media: black public relations

　　On April 26th, Weibo, the official of a dairy company, published an article, which disclosed its performance in detail. On May 2nd, the news that was re-edited and made appeared on some big V Weibo. The big V’s, who have always released their personalities and led by their thoughts, are surprisingly consistent this time. Once this Weibo was issued, it caused a lot of doubts. Netizens questioned these big V’s "exactly how much money they collected, and they all agreed to stand for a dairy company". Some netizens directly condemned these big V’s "earning money without a bottom line". Afterwards, some big V deleted this Weibo, and some big V declared that they had refunded and apologized in Weibo. Some self-media, including these big V’s with certain social attention, use their popularity and influence on the Internet to publish public relations manuscripts of some enterprises for free. Some are even hired to publish articles attacking and discrediting specific enterprises from the media, which are collectively referred to as black public relations.

　　According to statistics, there are currently 800 million netizens on the mobile Internet, and the number of WeChat WeChat official account has exceeded 39 million. Many industrialized tubas have tens of thousands of fans, and many hot articles have read more than 100,000+. With the rapid development of the media, many chaos has surfaced. What are the reasons for these chaos?

　　At present, the self-media realization mode mainly relies on advertisements, fans’ rewards and knowledge payment, and obtaining these depends on high traffic, and high attention has become a bargaining chip. When traffic is reduced to business, various means to increase traffic and create chaos appear. Some self-media practitioners regard the amount of fans, reading and 100,000+as their pursuit goals, and some people take advantage of the situation to start a business of brushing reading.

　　The fifth chaos in the media: spending money to buy reading

　　On Taobao, the reporter saw that there are still many businesses that help brush the reading volume. For example, every single 1 yuan dollar has a turnover of nearly 80,000.

　　At present, a WeChat WeChat official account has millions of fans, which has good attention and influence. Its founder, Mr. Feng Guozhen, is very helpless about some hidden rules in the media industry.

　　Feng Guozhen said: "It imitates a lot of WeChat running at the same time through a computer simulator. These WeChat are all controlled by its instructions, that is, many merchants selling reading have many mobile phones running and visiting in clusters at the same time. This is equivalent to reading fake fans."

　　If you want to read beautifully, you can spend money on it. As long as you are willing to spend money, 100,000+explosive articles can be easily done. Also delete articles, but also real money.

　　A self-proclaimed "civil aviation tabloid" WeChat official account editor offered a price of "one yuan for a reading". This WeChat official account publishes some inside information about airlines, which may have a negative impact on some involved companies, and it will cost money to delete the posts.

　　In addition to spending money on reading and deleting posts, plagiarism and forgery of originality have also become a very common means of self-media publishing.

　　The sixth chaos from the media: pseudo original

　　Feng Guozhen told reporters: "The most exasperating thing is that many articles we have worked so hard to write have been originally protected, but as you know, there are some marketing numbers, which take these contents that you have a particularly high click volume and then change them later, just after the original approval percentage, so it is not plagiarism."

　　For some time, the competition in the media market has become increasingly fierce, and all major platforms have encouraged original articles and established an original protection mechanism, so that original content can be recommended first. Since media authors can take the lead and pursue originality for their own content, they are also racking their brains. "Washing the manuscript" is pseudo original’s crash method.

　　"Washing the manuscript" is to take other people’s original articles, make a makeover, and package them into their own articles without being discovered by others, pretending to be original. This WeChat WeChat official account seems to be marketing insurance. On July 25th this year, this trumpet published a short article about "manuscript washing": "Press pseudo original, do manuscript washing seriously, and generate 100,000 explosive articles in one second". After the reporter opened Baidu and searched pseudo original, many websites appeared on the screen. The reporter opened the number one website, copied a high school Chinese text in the input box of the website, and clicked "Generate pseudo original" on the screen. Within one second, the "manuscript washing" was automatically completed by the website. This is an article by the famous writer Liang Heng. Comparing the original text with "pseudo original", we can find that 14 of the short paragraphs of more than 120 words have been replaced by words with similar meanings. In this way, plagiarism is more hidden, the original author is more difficult to find, and the auditing mechanism of some platforms can be bypassed.

　　From the media, some original articles will be copied, but it is not easy to defend rights.

　　Wang Sixin, a professor at China Communication University, said: "A large number of self-media infringements occur between individuals. If an individual wants to defend his rights, he usually faces the high cost of defending rights, and the evidence of defending rights is difficult to obtain evidence, so many infringers use the platform of self-media to arbitrarily infringe."

　　The rich and varied information gives the audience more choices, but the mixed and confusing information is also polluting our cyberspace, and the media is not a place of extra-legality.

　　Su Renxian, deputy director of the Mobile Network Administration Bureau of the Central Network Information Office, said: "In the next step, the Central Network Information Office will coordinate relevant departments and further intensify its work. First, innovate management ideas, explore new methods, manage new formats and solve new problems. Implement classified management, territorial management and whole process management for self-media; The second is to carry out special rectification activities from the media, severely punish illegal and illegal accounts according to laws and regulations, resolutely curb the chaos from the media, resolutely safeguard the normal communication order of the network, and strive to create a clean, positive, healthy and orderly cyberspace. "

　　Media has become a huge industry, but the rules of practice are not mature. Some practitioners lack self-discipline, some platforms lack social responsibility, and some regulatory measures have not yet been put in place. Some media have lost their basic bottom line in order to win the favor of the market. Although the threshold of information release has been lowered since the media era, this does not mean that you can do whatever you want without rules. The internet is not a place of extra-legality. It is not for anyone to edit it if they want, copy it if they want, and spray it if they want. From the media, we should also respect facts, spread rationally, strictly abide by the bottom line of law and morality, and on this basis, work together to "create a clean and honest cyberspace."