World AIDS Day is close to love and far from ＂Ai＂

　　CCTV News:Today is World AIDS Day, and the knowledge about HIV has been popularized by Yang Bilian, chief physician of dermatology department of Oriental Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine.

　　First of all, we need to know the transmission route of HIV. There are four main transmission routes: sexual transmission, intravenous drug injection, mother-to-child transmission, injection or input of contaminated blood products.

　　Secondly, once HIV infection is found, please don’t panic too much. People infected with HIV will not die immediately, and the survival time of AIDS patients varies from person to person. According to the research, the subtype of HIV virus infected, the number of viruses introduced into human body, personal genetic and health differences and medical quality all have an impact on the survival time of AIDS patients.

　　A healthy person generally goes through four stages from HIV infection to death.

　　The first stage is called the initial stage of infection, also called the acute infection period of AIDS, also called the "window period". After infection, a small number of infected people will have flu-like symptoms, such as fever, pharyngitis, rash, lymphadenopathy, etc., and then these symptoms will disappear. These symptoms usually appear within 2-4 weeks after infection, and it takes an average of 6 weeks to 3 months before the infection can be confirmed by blood test.

　　Therefore, if you have recently had dangerous activities and the following symptoms, please be sure to call a doctor: persistent low fever, fatigue, laryngitis of unknown cause, sudden weight loss of more than 10%, headache, nausea, muscle and joint pain, night sweats, persistent diarrhea and rash.

　　The second stage: the incubation period of AIDS. From HIV infection to clinical manifestations, this period of time is called incubation period, which is about several months to several years. At this time, patients are called "HIV carriers". On the surface, most of the infected people are healthy, which is no different from normal people. However, the incubation period is not a static period, and it is not a safe period. The immune system in its body is fighting silently with the virus, and the virus continues to multiply, which has a strong destructive effect.

　　The third stage: pre-AIDS. Pre-AIDS refers to a period of time when AIDS-related symptoms and signs begin to appear after the incubation period until it develops into a typical AIDS. At this time, AIDS patients will have persistent lymphadenopathy, which occurs mostly in the head and neck, armpits, groin, behind the neck, before the ear, behind the ear and under the jaw. The characteristics of pre-AIDS are: lymphadenopathy usually lasts for more than half a year, weight loss is more than 10%, periodic low fever lasts for several months, night sweats and so on.

　　The fourth stage: typical AIDS period. Because the patient’s immune system is seriously damaged, it is prone to all kinds of fatal opportunistic infections and malignant tumors. Lesions can appear in various parts of human body, such as respiratory system, digestive system, nervous system, endocrine system, heart, kidney, eyes, joints, skin and so on. The average survival time of patients with opportunistic infection is 9 months.

　　Therefore, if you are diagnosed with AIDS infection, don’t give up on yourself. You must actively cooperate with the treatment, which can prolong the incubation period and live like a normal person.

　　There is no effective vaccine to prevent AIDS at present, so the most important thing is to take preventive measures.

　　The first is to keep an honest and clean life and maintain one-on-one sexual relations, among which using condoms is one of the most effective measures to prevent sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS in sexual life. In addition, it is recommended that you have a pre-marital physical examination to avoid sexual contact outside marriage.

　　Secondly, develop good living habits, do not take drugs, do not share syringes with others, and do not borrow or share personal items such as toothbrushes, razors and razors.

　　Third, do not transfuse blood and use blood products without authorization, and avoid direct contact with body fluids such as blood, semen and milk of AIDS patients.

　　Finally, strictly prevent mother-to-child transmission. (Reporter Yan Yan)