General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out at the mobilization meeting of Party history study and education: "It is the life of the party to speak politics clearly and ensure the unity and centralization of the party, and it is also the key for our party to become a century-old party and create great achievements in the century." This fully shows that the unity and centralization of the party is an important experience of the success of political parties in the past century. Unity creates brilliance and unity creates miracles. On the occasion of the centenary of the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC), we should continue to adhere to the line of strengthening the party’s unity and centralization and unification, which is an important experience of a century-long political party and a choice of history and people. Strengthen the unity and unity of the party, strengthen the foundation for socialist modernization, and concentrate on the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　From the perspective of theoretical logic, strengthening the unity and centralization of the party is a vivid embodiment of the Marxist theory of party building and a remarkable symbol of Marxist political parties.Marx and Engels emphasized the unity and unity of the party. They believed that proletarian political parties must adhere to the unity and unity of the party, which not only conforms to the objective law of social development, but also is the inevitable requirement of socialist historical development. The historical context shows that the Communist Party of China (CPC) became the leader of China, which was determined by the law of social development and the inevitable result of historical development. Over the past 100 years, the Party has led the people in their struggle and made great breakthroughs and progress in all aspects, which fully shows that the centralization and unification of the Party is in the interests of the people of China and the sons and daughters of China. Adhering to the party’s centralized and unified leadership to adapt to the economic base determines the social development law of superstructure and superstructure reacting to the economic base, which is a major choice made according to China’s national conditions and has played a huge role in promoting China’s political and economic development. The unity of the party is the invincible power and vitality of the party, and the centralization and unification of the party is a firm guarantee for the party to exert its strength. Therefore, from the theoretical and logical level, the unity and centralization of the party are the inheritance and development of Marxist theory of party building, an important condition for the party to win in various periods, and have far-reaching significance for us to continue to adhere to the road of political development in Socialism with Chinese characteristics.

　　From the perspective of practical logic, strengthening the unity and centralization of the Party is the successful experience of the Communist Party of China (CPC) becoming a century-old party.During the War of Liberation, the People’s Liberation Army won three major battles. The battle of crossing the river with a million heroes ended the Kuomintang’s rule over the mainland. In October of the same year, earth-shaking changes took place in China. With the establishment of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the people of China gradually gained the right to speak in the world, which opened a new era of centralized and unified leadership by the party. Following the historical trend, whether it is the fight against SARS in 2003, the earthquake relief in 2008, or the fight against the COVID-19 epidemic in 2020, under the unified leadership of the Party, the whole country, with one heart and one chess game, won the tough battle together, rain or shine. Whether it is the construction of Mount Vulcan and Mount Raytheon, or the brave advance of the medical team assisting Hubei, it shows the unity under the centralized and unified leadership of the Party, which is not only the key to our victory, but also the source of strength for Chinese people to get a happy and stable life and an inexhaustible motive force to guide us to move forward. Therefore, from the perspective of practical logic, strengthening the unity and centralization of the party is the key for our party to continue to move forward steadily and create brilliant achievements.

　　Judging from the development pattern of the times, strengthening the unity and centralization of the party is the only way to realize the dream of rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.Looking at the long river of China’s historical development, whether in the past or in the future, strengthening the unity and centralization of the party is an important condition for political parties to be stable and far-reaching in the past century. Nowadays, the world is in a period of great development and change, and various contradictions are emerging day by day. Trade barriers and economic sanctions also occur from time to time. As the largest socialist country in the world, China is facing many risks and challenges, which will always accompany us. How to continue to strengthen the unity and centralization of the party in the face of these risks and challenges and maintain the advanced nature and purity of the party is the key to the problem. Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era, and China’s political and economic development has also entered a new pattern. If the Party wants to move forward steadily and continue to create brilliance in the future, it must strengthen its unity, centralization and unity, which is the key magic weapon to realize socialist modernization and the necessary condition to adapt to the great development and changes in the world. Therefore, from the perspective of the development pattern of the times, strengthening the unity and centralization of the party is the only way to realize the dream of the Chinese people to become a powerful country in the past 100 years.

　　Sticking to a clear-cut stand and stressing politics to ensure the unity, centralization and unity of the party is the fundamental guarantee for the lasting progress of political parties in the past century.Looking back on the eventful years of our party in the past century, it is clear that politics is the lifeline of our party, the foundation of party member cadres, and the important experience of our party in leading the people of all ethnic groups throughout the country to make historic achievements in the period of revolution, construction and reform. Over the past 100 years, our party has always attached great importance to building the party ideologically, and adhered to the important principle of stressing politics with a clear-cut stand and enhancing the unity and centralization of the party. A clear-cut stand on politics is an important condition for us to resolutely implement the deployment of the CPC Central Committee, and it is the focus of holding the overall situation and grasping the general trend of the country, profoundly demonstrating the political background of our party. To ensure the unity and unity of the party, we must resolutely implement the party’s principles and policies, be strict in discipline, keep in mind our initial intentions, and always maintain a high degree of consistency with the CPC Central Committee politically, ideologically and in action. Now, Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era, which is an epoch-making new era and a new era of rebirth. This era requires us to continue to adhere to a clear-cut stand and stress politics, and continue to strengthen the unity and centralization of the Party.

　　"People are United as one, and loess becomes gold". The unity and centralization of the Party are the vitality of our Party and the concentrated expression of the strength of the whole Party. Strengthening the unity and centralization of the Party is not only the need to safeguard the interests of the Party, but also the needs to safeguard the interests of the broad masses of the people. From the perspective of theoretical logic, practical logic and the development pattern of the times, strengthening the unity and centralization of the party is an important experience of political parties’ stability and long-term development in the past century, an inevitable requirement for the development of political parties in China and a general trend of historical progress. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out at the mobilization meeting of Party history study and education: "The century-old history of our party is a history of practicing the party’s initial mission, and it is a history in which the party and the people are heart-to-heart, breathing together and sharing a common destiny." Only by constantly strengthening the centralized and unified leadership of the Party, persistently stressing politics with a clear-cut stand, and ensuring the unity and centralization of the Party, can we conform to the historical trend, seize the opportunity of development, March courageously towards the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and continue to write a new chapter in China!

　　(Author: Wang Siyuan Soochow University School of Marxism "Party History Learning and Education" master’s delegation member, Suzhou University School of Marxism course and teaching theory master; He is a member of the teaching delegation of "Learning and Education of Party History" in Marxism College of Soochow University, Jin Xin, and a lecturer and doctor in Marxism College of Soochow University. )

　　[Illustration of car home New Car] It seems inappropriate to call a new car that can fight like this "the best friend". The equation Leopard car (|) knows that it can conquer many dangers just by looking at its shape and various hard-core data and functions, but after opening the car door and getting a deep feeling inside, its surprise is even more shocking. On Leopard 5, cross-country is not equal to hardship, let alone the fun of the driver. When cross-country is relaxed and exquisite,

　　It’s getting closer and closer. The production car of Leopard 5 was officially rolled off the assembly line before the Golden Week (September 27th), and the configuration table was also released together. Combined with the previously announced blind booking price range of 300,000-400,000 yuan, we also intend to give 1000 yuan 3,000 yuan and 8,000 yuan of optional fund benefits. We can not only see that it should be a few days before the official listing of Leopard 5, but also see its determination to attack fiercely in the market. It happened that we just had a detailed static experience with this car, and the high-profile Leopard 5 was finally about to start its first battle, and netizens came to review it.

More exciting videos are all on the car home video platform.

　　The first place to focus on, everyone must remember that the positioning of Leopard 5 is a plug-in hybrid medium and large SUV that pays attention to off-road performance, but even if you forget this, as long as you touch the real car and see it at first sight, you can get this knowledge right away. The whole image is too right.

　　I don’t want to talk more about the design part today, because the appearance of Leopard 5 was officially released in mid-August, and then it was taken to Chengdu Auto Show. Presumably, many netizens have already touched the real car. If you come across this car today, the following video will show you all the design details of Leopard 5.

More exciting videos are all on the car home video platform.

　　If we don’t talk about design, let’s take a closer look at the configuration of the exterior part, but after all, Leopard 5 is a hard-core SUV. Let’s first see if its exterior parameters can reflect the hard-core identity. The shape of the square box naturally reminds people of two off-road bids, Land Rover Defender and Mercedes-Benz G-class. As soon as the dimensions are compared, it becomes clear, and Leopard 5 is closer to Mercedes-Benz G-class in shape.

　　In cross-country trafficability, the approach angle of Leopard 5 is 35, the departure angle is 32, the longitudinal passing angle is 20, and the minimum ground clearance is 220 mm.. The version equipped with the intelligent hydraulic body control system of Yunqi -P standard version has a minimum ground clearance of 310mm, and the approach angle and departure angle are stronger, which are 39 and 35 respectively. By the way, there are two key points that can’t be ignored. The first one is that the Leopard 5 adopts a non-loaded body structure, and the second one is that its fuel tank volume has reached 83 liters. Combined with these two points, it is definitely a ruthless character who crosses the mountains without saying a word.

　　The door handle of Leopard 5 is designed in a traditional style, which highlights the tough style. The keyless entry function can only be said to be the most basic trick. Bluetooth and NFC keys can be easily played on Leopard 5. The roof rack is standard in the whole system, and the fixed pedal is standard. Users can choose to install the electric pedal. The rear privacy glass is also standard in the whole system, which is good.

　　The tailgate is designed to open from right to left, and the limit mechanism can stabilize the tailgate at any opening angle. What’s more handsome is that it is equipped with the function of electric suction door, which can close the tailgate without great effort to avoid the tailgate being vigorously closed and throwing out dust when it is covered with dust. This design is really unique, but it is not equipped with this function at a low level, and it will be even better if it is standard in the whole system. The rear compartment is equipped with a rich power interface, which is convenient for users to use external appliances when camping and playing outdoors. Leopard 5 comes standard with four physical trailer anchors, with a maximum traction of 32000N, and can also be equipped with 2.5T towing qualification to meet the towing requirements of RVs and yachts.

　　Judging from the official configuration table, Leopard 5 is equipped with GitiXross HT71 tire with the size of 265/65 R18. This tire has just come into the market, and it is positioned as a new generation of long-distance road tires with strong carcass, high load bearing, wear resistance and low noise. Half-wrapped spare tire cover and scratch-resistant wheel eyebrows are also essential elements of Leopard 5. Of course, after the official launch, all-wrapped spare tire cover, painted wheel eyebrows, front perforated ventilated brake disc and 6-piston brake caliper will be introduced for the personality and hardcore players present here to "further study".

Abundant colors come from concave temples.

Quantum bit | WeChat official account QbitAI

How to maximize the accuracy of the model?

Recently, institutions such as Google found that:

Don’t throw the fine-tuning model with poor performance, and find the average weight!

The accuracy and robustness of the model can be improved without increasing the reasoning time and memory overhead.

For example, researchers used this method to create a new record of ImageNet1K: 90.94%.

Extending it to multiple image classification and natural language processing tasks can also improve the out-of-distribution performance of the model and improve the zero-sample performance of new downstream tasks.

And this method also has an interesting name, module soup-

Is it immediately reminiscent of Fibonacci soup jokes? (Yesterday’s soup+the day before yesterday’s soup = today’s new soup)

△ Zhihu netizen @hzwer, authorized.

There are three formulas.

Think back, before this, how did everyone increase the model?

Do you first train multiple fine-tuning models with various superparameters, and then pick out the one with the best performance in the verification set and leave the rest?

Because neural network is nonlinear, there may be many solutions in different loss basin, so it is a little surprising that Module soup can improve its performance by keeping the weights of all fine-tuning models and averaging them.

Recently, however, it has been found that the fine-tuning models optimized independently from the same initialization configuration are in the same error range (lie in the same basis of the error landscape).

Previous studies have proved that the performance of random initialization training model can be improved by averaging the weights along a single training trajectory.

It is from these conclusions that the author is inspired.

There are three "recipes" (realization) of Module soup: uniform soup, greedy soup and learned soup.

Among them, greedy soup is the most important implementation, because its performance is higher than directly and evenly averaging all weights.

Specifically, Greedy soup is built by sequentially adding each model as a potential component in the "soup", and the corresponding model is only kept in the "soup" when the performance on the verification set is improved.

Sorting is in descending order of verification set precision.

Performance beyond a single optimal fine-tuning model

The author conducted a comprehensive fine-tuning experiment to determine the effectiveness of Module soup.

The first is to fine-tune CLIP and ALIGN. These two models are pre-trained on image-text pairs.

Results After the operation of module soup, both of them performed better in distribution and distribution shifts test set than the best single fine-tuning model.

△ left is CLIP and right is ALIGN.

Then the ViT-G model pre-trained on JFT data set.

That is to say, it achieves 90.94% accuracy in ImageNet1K data set, breaking the previous 90.88% maintained by CoAtNet, and at the same time reduces 25% FLOPs in the reasoning stage.

In addition to the task of image classification, the author also verified module soup in NLP field.

The following table shows the results of BERT and T5 models on four text classification tasks of GLUE benchmark:

It can be found that although the improvement is not as obvious as that in image classification, in most tasks, greedy soup can improve the performance compared with the best single model.

Of course, the author also pointed out that there are limitations in the applicability of module soup, such as the models that are pre-trained on large heterogeneous data sets, and the effect is not very obvious outside these models.

Finally, a netizen from Zhihu @ 京京京京京京京京京京京京京京京京京京京京京京京20140

Did you find out?

Paper address:

https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.0548

Zhihu @ Gong Sauce Craftsman, @hzwer Answer (Authorized): https://www.zhihu.com/question/521497951.

End—

Original title: "Google creates a new record of ImageNet1K: Don’t throw away the fine-tuning model with poor performance, and find the average weight to improve performance."

CCTV News:At 8 o’clock every day, CCTV will sort out the big and small things that happened around us within 24 hours.

In 2023, the application for male soldiers began on December 1, and the age of graduate students was relaxed to 26 years old.

The State Council issued the Notice on Launching the Fifth National Economic Census.

The list of the third batch of anti-cancer drugs and rare disease drugs subject to VAT policy was released, and they can enjoy tax benefits from December 1st.

China released the first version of the drug online sales prohibition list.

China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission: Starting from January next year, commercial pension business will be piloted in 10 provinces and cities.

China Space Station has entered a long-term manned mode.

Zhao Gang was appointed Vice Governor and Acting Governor of Shaanxi Province.

Foreign media: A fire broke out on the American aircraft carrier Abraham Lincoln, and nine people were injured.

The US Treasury Department has submitted the Trump tax form to the House Ways and Means Committee.

Zelensky: Ukraine’s reconstruction needs more than US$ 1 trillion. Western participation is welcome.

Foreign media: The European Union limits the price of Russian marine oil to 60 dollars per barrel.

Australian Prime Minister voiced for Wikileaks founder Assange, urging the United States to end its pursuit.

Indian bakery makes 85kg trophy-shaped cakes to pay tribute to the World Cup.

Official notification of a fire in a residential area in Xi ‘an: five people were killed, and the cause of the fire is under investigation.

A man and a woman pretend to be parents and friends and kidnap children? Anqing Susong police issued a rumor announcement: after verification, there was no such alarm (case) in Susong recently. After asking the parties, the news was untrue.

Yangquan, Shanxi: The man vented his emotions during the silence and drove into the isolation baffle and was detained by Yangquan police.

Shiyan, Hubei: In order to get the free thermos cup, the female classmate was pulled into the brush group, and the classmate was cheated by 100,000 yuan.

Human traffickers are controlled by the masses? Yantai police: The man lured the girl with snacks in an attempt to wait for an opportunity to be indecent.

Yuzhong responded that "girls questioned the staff in the shelter": the students involved apologized and solved their demands.

Tencent WiFi Manager officially stopped service: user data and other data will be deleted.

A police station in Hangzhou received an anti-fraud warning, and the police prevented women from transferring money in the green belt of the community.

Step on a scooter and slide in the high-speed emergency lane. Man: Because I am carsick.

3 The man was greedy and stole 300 Jin of radish, and the police found that it had become shredded radish in 3 hours.

HIV blocking drugs can only be regarded as a remedial measure, and we can’t rely too much on blocking drugs. They have different degrees of side effects and are limited to emergency and remedy. Preventing high-risk behaviors is still the best measure to prevent AIDS.

— — Xinhuanet talks about "24 hours after HIV exposure is very important"

In Kunming City, Yunnan Province, a large number of wintering red-billed gulls gather in the waters of Caohai Dam in Dianchi Lake, attracting citizens and tourists to watch and feed the gulls along the dam.

Chongqing Qianjiang National Forest Park is now a foggy landscape, and the vast forest is covered with "white gauze", just like a fairy tale world, which is beautiful.

See you at 8 o’clock tomorrow!

Editor in charge: Huang Zuochun　

Editor: Wang Yuxi Lin Tao

In real life, when we pay by credit card or Alipay, the bank or Alipay keeps an account for us in the background, and this account book is managed by a centralized institution.

In the blockchain network, the transfer information is kept by miners. Miners collect user-initiated transactions, then package them into blocks and splice them into blockchain.

The process of mining is the process of maintaining the operation of the blockchain network. In order to reward miners for their contribution to maintaining the operation of blockchain network, blockchain system uses Token to reward miners.

Therefore, all the mainstream currencies circulating in the market, such as BTC, ETH, LTC, ZCASH, DASH, XMR, are all generated by mining except for some special contracts.

In other words, miners become producers in digital currency by maintaining the blockchain network. The excavated mine is digital currency, and the mining machine is digital currency’s printing machine. Compared with the sharp rise and fall of digital currency trading market, mining is a relatively safe investment method.

With digital currency’s mining becoming more and more familiar to the public, some projects using "mobile phone mining" activities have gradually begun to attract the attention of all parties.

Compared with the traditional mining machine, mobile phone mining only needs to download an App or DApp, and you can get the "computing power" by signing in or authorizing, so as to get the designated digital currency for mining.

Is this way an advance in science and technology? We can draw a clear conclusion by understanding the basic logic and development history of mining in digital currency.

First, the basic logic of mining

We all know that the incentive mechanism of Bitcoin is POW,Proof Of Work). Under this mechanism, the more workload, the greater the income.

Whoever can guess this random and unique number fastest can be the publicist of information.

The work referred to here is bookkeeping and problem solving. Bookkeeping is to synchronize the data of the whole network and cannot be tampered with. The solution is to "grab" the bookkeeping right through calculation. The algorithm ensures the uniqueness of the calculation results.

The calculation process will consume a lot of calculation power, and the correct result solved by miners every time will be used as the initial condition for the next calculation.

Whoever gets the answer first can use it to generate a new block and broadcast it to the whole network.

Miners who receive the data of this new block will immediately stop the current calculation and re-calculate the next problem with the data in the new block. This process is "mining".

Once the blocks generated by miners are accepted by the whole network, miners can get a certain amount of bitcoin as a reward.

The more people dig mines on a blockchain network, the greater the computing power of the whole network, which also means that the operation of the whole blockchain network has been strongly guaranteed by miners.

II. Brief Introduction to Mining History

On January 3rd, 2009, Satoshi Nakamoto, the father of Bitcoin, dug up the first Block#0 of Bitcoin on a small server and won 50 bitcoin prizes.

For a long time afterwards, mining was just a self-entertainment in a small circle. Between the height of Block 1 and Block 40,000, most of the BTC obtained from mining was never used.

In that "happy" period, everyone could dig up bitcoin by using a home computer. The price of bitcoin at that time was not even enough to cover the electricity bill required for mining activities.

With the increasing influence of Bitcoin, more and more people are mining, and people are constantly trying to mine in new ways.

Laszlo Hanyecz, a Florida programmer, found that mining with graphics card GPU was 800 times faster than that with ordinary CPU, so he dug up a lot of bitcoin. And 10,000 bitcoins were successfully exchanged for two pizzas, so the history of history was named.

The graphics card GPU mining method adopted by Laszlo Hanyecz also made mining enter the GPU era from the CPU era.

In the process of solving problems in mining, a lot of simple and repeated calculations are needed. The CPU contains many useless structures for mining calculation, and the graphics card GPU is naturally suitable for a lot of violent and brainless simple operations.

Just like holding an addition and subtraction operation competition within 10 minutes, CPU is 5 university professors and GPU is 1000 primary school students. When both sides start to calculate addition and subtraction within 10 at the same time, although university professors have higher education than primary school students, it is obvious that 1,000 primary school students can calculate faster than five university professors.

Since then, the way of mining with graphics cards has become more and more common, and all kinds of graphics cards have been snapped up by miners all over the world, resulting in a rush to buy graphics cards since 2012.

The price of graphics cards is completely inapplicable to Moore’s law under the control of miners’ fanaticism and manufacturers’ intention. GPU, a graphics card, has the characteristics of multi-processor and is naturally suitable for a large number of violent operations, which quickly enters the field of vision of professionals.

On September 18th, 2010, the first graphics card mining software was released. The mining ability of a graphics card is equivalent to dozens of CPUs, and the mining ability has been significantly improved.

Soon after, professional mining equipment was quickly manufactured and was called a mining machine. The era of vigorous mining by mining machine has begun.

Since 2013, a large number of professional mining machines, such as Avalon (Pumpkin Machine) and Baked Cat USB, have been listed in China, and the off-the-shelf Avalon ASIC mining machine has successfully enabled hundreds of ordinary miners to achieve a life counterattack.

At that time, a Avalon mining machine could dig out more than 10 bitcoins every day, and at that time, one bitcoin was worth 400 yuan, so every buyer in Avalon could earn back the investment of the mining machine in three days.

The release of professional mining machines completely subverted the bitcoin mining industry, and CPU and GPU became famous overnight in the bitcoin mining industry. It is meaningless to use personal computer to mine, and the era of personal computer mining is over.

The new mining machine with powerful computing power makes the computing power of the whole network soar. According to Satoshi Nakamoto’s design, the difficulty of bitcoin mining can be dynamically adjusted with the computing power of the whole network. The higher the computing power, the more difficult it is to mine.

The mining income depends on the proportion of each miner’s computing power in the whole network. The more mining machines, the greater the computing power, and the smaller the mining income distributed to each miner with the same computing power, so the mining machine has become the product of the miners’ arms race.

With the rising price of bitcoin, the world mining machine market is booming. More and more people are involved in the research and development of mining machines, and the situation of mining machine futures reservation is becoming more and more common.

Bitcoin enthusiasts, whose net name is "Night Cat", successfully developed a 135-nanometer ASIC chip in half a year, but later found that a team had successfully developed a 400-nanometer chip, and the computing power of the whole network soared much faster than expected, which means that the 135-nanometer mining machine was declared dead before it was born.

"Science and technology are the primary productive forces", the famous saying of the great man is vividly reflected in the research and development of mining machines. For miners, a mining machine with great computing power is equivalent to having a printing machine.

In 2014, the computing power of Bitcoin continued to rise. The performance of the chip is approaching the limit of hardware technology, and the mining machine market is becoming more and more stable.

At the end of the era when the computing power advantage was originally obtained through the performance of mining machines, it became more and more difficult for bitcoin individual miners to mine with mining machines, and miners began to accumulate computing power for themselves by accumulating the number of mining machines.

At this time, the power cost has become an important variable cost of mining, so some people began to say that mining is a huge waste of power resources.

If we compare bitcoin with gold, we will find that human beings try their best to extract gold from gold mines, then refine it with cyanide, a highly toxic substance, and finally make it into gold bars, then put it back in the underground vault and spend a lot of money to guard it. Is this whole process a special waste of resources?

We can think about this problem from another angle. A blockchain network that accounts for 0.25% of the world’s power consumption is enough to prove the value and indestructibility of blockchain technology.

Since then, bitcoin mining has gone through five stages: CPU mining, GPU mining, professional mining machine mining, mine mining and cluster mining. The division of different stages is based on the increase of computing power.

-CPU mining stage, the average CPU computing power is 20mhash/s.

-GPU mining stage, the average GPU computing power is 400 mhash/s.

-in the mining stage of FPGA, the average computing power of FPGA is 25 g hash/s.

-ASIC (application-specified TC integrated circuit) mining stage, the average computing power of ASIC is 3.5 thash/s.

-Large-scale cluster mining, consisting of n ASIC mining institutions, with the calculation force of 3.5THash/s multiplied by n..

Third, the algorithm and mining methods

After the bitcoin mining machine matured, the era of personal mining was over.

Other cryptocurrency designers, some in order to allow more users to participate in "mining" through consumer-grade hardware (such as Litecoin), some in order to achieve extreme anonymity (such as Dashi Coin with 11 encryption methods), designed encryption methods different from Bitcoin.

Different encryption methods mean different mining methods. Different encryption algorithms bring different mining methods. Different mining methods will also require different mining machines.

For example, Bitcoin using SHA256 algorithm needs a special ASIC mining machine for mining; Ethereum ETH with Ethash algorithm can use computer GPU to mine; Monroe coins can be mined by computer CPU.

And the encryption method is not static. For example, the encryption method of Ethereum may become a Proof of Stake mechanism, that is, rewards are given according to the number of ethereum held by miners rather than their computing power.

Switching from POW to POS means that ETH cannot be mined. POS is a kind of "Qian Shengqian" income system, in which the person who holds the most Token announces the final information.

The more the balance of Token, the higher the probability that people will get publicity information, and the publicist will also get a certain Token as a reward.

Therefore, digital currency adopting POS consensus mechanism cannot be produced by mining, but this kind of currency can be put into dividend wallet to earn dividend income.

In addition, there are digital currency where POW and POS are mixed, such as DASH, which can be produced by ASIC mining equipment.

Its master node adopts POS mechanism, and the owner of the master node gets rewards for users to verify transactions, store data and provide various services.

Fourth, cloud mining

Mining needs a series of work, such as purchasing mining machines, assembling machines, setting up mining software, and taking into account the cost of electricity and machine maintenance, so there is a certain threshold for participation.

Faced with more users who are unwilling to mine by themselves, professional mining companies and mining pools have launched cloud mining business.

Cloud mining is a form of mining in which users directly purchase computing power from the mine pool. Users of cloud mining buy computing power instead of mining machines, so they don’t have to undertake a series of configuration and maintenance work after purchasing mining machines.

The revenue of user cloud mining comes from the mining share of purchasing computing power. Users only need to log on to the cloud mining platform to check the mining results, without paying any extra workload.

This mining process is simpler and is welcomed by many new users.

Five, mobile phone mining

Because the computing power of mobile phones is almost negligible, in essence, it is more like a marketing activity than a real "mining" in digital currency.

Because the participation threshold is extremely low, all kinds of mobile phone mining software are quickly downloaded and used by millions of users. For example, Netease Planet and Gongxinbao, which have been clearly identified and sealed up.

Gongxinbao previously publicized that users obtained computing power to mine through data authorization. In Gongxinbao DApp, users can create blockchain identities and authorize and manage personal data.

Authorized personal information includes face recognition data, Alipay/Taobao data, Xuexin.com data, telecom operator data, JD.COM data, email credit card billing data, etc. The more authorized information, the more computing power users get, and the more digital currency they can dig.

According to official website, a former Gongxinbao, the process of user authorization to import data is that the user imports the data into the side chain encrypted by the user’s private key. Organizations and individuals, including Gongxinbao, have no ability to view and call user data.

When merchants or other individuals need to query user data, they will send a mobile phone notification. After the user agrees, the other party can find the data and let the user "be the master of his own data".

These mobile phone mining softwares continue to stand out with the fiery concept of blockchain, and various promotion codes occupy the comment space of many blockchain news. Taking advantage of the lack of public cognition, new concepts are constantly thrown out, such as: consensus determines value, the combination of games and advertisements, the combination of computing power and value, and so on.

The current mobile phone mining App and mining income are more similar to a form of integral reward. Advanced projects even have self-built trading web pages, where users can make specific physical exchanges.

What’s more, some digital currency exchanges collaborate to do evil. They sell "options" on the exchanges, and the essence of "options" is the numbers in the exchanges, in order to forge the illusion that these projects are regular blockchain projects.

This kind of project often uses the psychological promise of users to get rich overnight, and the price will skyrocket after "surfing the main network", and users often have the psychology of cashing out at the first time after "surfing the main network". As everyone knows, there is no so-called "main network". Where does the so-called "token" come from?

For many new users, mobile phone mining is probably the starting point of their "mining" career in digital currency. However, these concepts take advantage of the general public’s strangeness to blockchain technology and cheat in the name of "mining".

Some people think that there is no loss in Bai Piao now, and what many project parties want is for users to think so. When these people have this idea, when the "main network" goes online, will they resist the temptation of "little investment and rich return"?

This paper hopes to make many digital pioneers realize that consensus cannot determine value. The consensus of Bitcoin is valuable because of the technical and maintenance costs behind it.

What is the value of the consensus of the masses?

That’s an old saying. Readers who want to invest in digital currency must learn some basic knowledge of blockchain and basic trading principles. Although it may be boring at first, you must believe in yourself. If you are willing to learn, you will be able to learn.

Only by making money within our knowledge can we be in an invincible position in this wave of science and technology.

In Baoding, Hebei Province, after the intelligent upgrade of traffic lights at hundreds of traffic intersections, the traffic lights timing can be dynamically adjusted in real time. The urban peak traffic congestion index decreased by 4.6% and the average speed increased by 11.6%. When the "smart car" meets the "smart road", the effect of vehicle-road coordination is amplified. Standardized development is the key way to make different types of cars run smoothly on different roads.

In 2023, the Central Economic Work Conference proposed to "build a number of strategic emerging industries such as bio-manufacturing, commercial aerospace and low-altitude economy, and open up new tracks for future industries such as quantum and life sciences". All localities and departments have accelerated the development of emerging industries and actively cultivated future industries. The Implementation Plan for the Standardization Pilot Project of New Industries (2023-2035) (hereinafter referred to as the "Implementation Plan") was released a few days ago. How to set standards for new industries and promote development? The reporter conducted an interview.

Great progress has been made in standardization in the field of new generation information technology.

"There is no uniform format requirement for collecting data for intelligent networked vehicles, which will affect the data circulation in the automotive industry." Lin Le, founder and CEO of Zero Technology, said.

Since 2021, Zero Digital Technology has been deeply involved in the compilation of relevant standards for intelligent networked automobile data, standardizing and unifying relevant data formats and definitions. The release of relevant standards is not only conducive to the standardization, standardization and specialization of data collection of self-driving vehicles, but also conducive to the interconnection of industry data resources, as well as to the unified management of regulatory authorities and the formation of industrial data ecology.

Standardization plays a fundamental and leading role in promoting the development of new industries such as self-driving cars. New industries refer to emerging industries and future industries that have developed and expanded by applying new technologies. They are characterized by active innovation, technology-intensive and broad development prospects, and are related to the overall situation of national economic and social development and the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure.

Yang Jianjun, vice president of China Institute of Electronic Technology Standardization, said: "In recent years, China has always regarded standardization as an important support and guarantee to promote the high-quality development of the industry, and the standardization work in the new generation of information technology has made great progress." According to the statistics of relevant standardization technology organizations, since the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan", China has established and improved a mandatory national standard system around electronic product safety and network security, and kept the technical safety bottom line with standards; Formulate more than 1,000 national standards and industry standards in key areas such as integrated circuits, artificial intelligence, blockchain, Internet of Things, industrial Internet, etc., in order to meet the new demand of industrial technology innovation and development for standard supply capacity; Promote the establishment of national standardization technical organizations such as integrated circuits and industrial software, and strive to solve technical standards problems; Leading the formulation of nearly 200 international standards, and the participation and contribution rate of international standardization have been continuously improved.

The "Implementation Plan" focuses on the "8+9" industry, which plays a leading role in the overall and long-term development of the economy and society, taking into account the current situation and development potential of the industry as a whole. Emerging industries mainly focus on eight fields, such as new generation information technology, new energy, new materials, high-end equipment, new energy vehicles, green environmental protection, civil aviation, ships and marine engineering equipment, and future industries focus on metauniverse, brain-computer interface, quantum information, humanoid robots and generation. The relevant person in charge of the National Standards Committee introduced that the medium and long-term development tasks of new industry standardization work will be refined, and the scientific, executive, deliverable and testable nature of new industry standardization work will be improved.

Help technological innovation, support integrated development, and improve quality and reliability.

In the digital twin factory jointly built by Baosteel Engineering and baoshan iron & steel, drawings, documents, models and project cost are delivered digitally in different workshops. "The digital twin factory platform demonstrates the advantages of digital delivery standards, and implements data standards and data governance from the source to ensure quality. This data-driven business model makes data flow along product chain, asset chain and value chain, thus generating benefits. The design efficiency of the project is improved by 60% and the construction period is shortened by 21%. " Yuan Lei, deputy general manager of Baosteel Engineering, said.

Yang Jianjun said: "Standardization has played an important role in promoting high-quality industrial development and improving product quality."

Standardization helps technological innovation in new industries. Taking the artificial intelligence industry as an example, standards can unify key adaptation links such as accelerator interface and deep learning framework adaptation to multi-hardware interface, accelerate the adaptation of artificial intelligence software and hardware and algorithm model migration, promote the interconnection of artificial intelligence scene applications, effectively shorten the cycle from technological innovation to enabling industry, reduce the cost of adaptation applications, and promote the rapid transformation of innovative technologies to product services and the rapid deployment of applications in cloud and other scenarios.

Standardization supports the integrated development of new industries. Taking the digital transformation of high-end equipment as an example, the key technical standards groups such as industrial cloud, industrial big data and machine vision standardize the basic technical principles of intelligent manufacturing, personalized customization and networked collaboration, promote the construction of digital twin factories, dynamic optimization of manufacturing processes and quality monitoring of large-scale equipment, accelerate the formation of new formats and new models, and provide a technical basis for the development of a new generation of information technology-enabled equipment manufacturing industry.

Standardization improves product quality and reliability. Taking integrated circuits and new display products as examples, the standards standardize the technical requirements, environmental test methods and photoelectric performance test methods of products, providing technical support for technical verification of products, improving quality and reliability, and ensuring the popularization and application of products through conformity testing and certification according to the standards.

Common tracks, power sockets and Internet protocols in life have all experienced the process from standardization to explosive growth, and standardization will also bring the prosperity and development of new industries.

To meet the new development needs, the "timeliness" of standard preparation and revision needs to be improved.

"At present, there are still problems in the standardization of new industries, such as inadequate system, insufficient advanced nature and low level of internationalization." The relevant person in charge of the National Standards Committee said.

Yang Jianjun believes that there are still three aspects of standardization that need to be strengthened in order to meet the new demands of new industry development. First, to improve effective supply, there is a gap between the "timeliness" of standard system revision and the development speed of new industries. Second, we should deepen the combination with scientific and technological innovation. Third, we should improve the level of internationalization, further break down trade barriers and promote international exchanges and cooperation in new industries.

To this end, the "Implementation Plan" puts forward key tasks such as improving the efficient and coordinated new industry standardization work system, supporting the construction of industrial science and technology innovation system, promoting the construction of emerging industry standard system, prospectively laying out future industry standard research, and creating a new space for high-level international standardization development. Experts suggest starting from the following aspects:

Coordinate the top-level design. Do a good job in the compilation of standard maps of emerging industries and key industries in the future, accelerate the formulation of key core technologies and key integration areas in key industrial chain supply chains, strengthen standardization capacity building, achieve standards for new standards, and promote standardized innovation cases.

Strengthen the linkage with scientific and technological innovation. Strengthen the cooperation between standardization research institutions and enterprises, universities and research institutes, promote the docking of supply and demand of technological innovation and standard creation, establish and continuously maintain a library of industrial scientific and technological innovation achievements that can be transformed into standards, and promote the coordinated development of technology, patents and standards.

Open up space for international development. Further increase policy support, formulate a roadmap for international standardization of new industries, support enterprises to adopt and transform international standards, and continuously improve the quality of China’s international standard proposals.

Enterprises benefit more from industrial standardization, and the standardization of new industries is highly anticipated. "For strategic industries, standardization can not only greatly reduce the cost of trial and error in the early stage and repetitive resource investment, but also strengthen upstream and downstream cooperation and establish ecological synergy, bringing new opportunities to upstream and downstream enterprises." An Hongwei, general manager of Suzhou Zhixing Zhongwei Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd. said, "I hope that the state will introduce policies to encourage and support private innovative enterprises to participate in the technical discussion and formulation of national standards, and give more support to enterprises that take the lead or participate in the formulation of standards." (Reporter Lin Lizhen)

　　Nanning, Nanning, August 26th (Huang Yanmei, Wei Junchi, Jiang Ruiqing) The reporter learned from the Guangxi Maritime Department on the 26th that due to the influence of Typhoon Saddle No.9 this year, there was a gust of 10 along the coast of Qinzhou Port in Guangxi, with a wave height of 2 to 3 meters. At 20: 28 on August 25, Qinzhou Maritime Search and Rescue Center received an alarm saying that a fishing raft was blown away by strong winds in the waters near Longmen, Qinzhou Port, and five people were in distress. The situation was very critical and needed urgent rescue.

　　After receiving the report, Qinzhou Maritime Search and Rescue Center immediately launched a Class III response to maritime search and rescue, quickly verified the location of distress, and formulated a rescue plan according to the wind and waves on the spot; And keep mobile phone communication smooth with people in distress to calm their emotions; At the same time, coordinate the emergency duty tugboat and the law enforcement personnel of Qinzhou Port Marine Department to go to the scene for search and rescue.

　　At 21: 10 on the same day, maritime law enforcement officers arrived at the scene to carry out rescue. At 21: 30, maritime law enforcement officers found two people in distress and found two people trapped on a nearby fishing raft. On-site search and rescue personnel withstood the storm and successfully transferred four people in distress to the ship safely. Due to the darkness of the sea at night and the difficulty caused by the typhoon, another person is still in a state of losing contact. The on-site search and rescue personnel did not give up, and continued to search in the nearby waters by means of searchlight shooting and megaphone shouting. At the same time, they contacted the anchorage ship in Qinzhou Port, requesting to strengthen the lookout and assist in searching for people in distress.

　　Finally, at 23: 26, the on-site search and rescue personnel found that the lost person was trapped in another oyster raft. With the cooperation of the tugboat and a small boat involved in the rescue, the trapped person was successfully transferred safely.

　　At present, the five rescued people are in good health.

　　Beijing, Sept. 13 (Reporter Shangguan Yun): "The moonlight is the brightest night in a year, and thousands of people enjoy it together." Mid-Autumn Festival, a festival to celebrate a bumper harvest, symbolizes a happy reunion. Busy people will get together as much as possible on this day, or share a piece of moon cake, or sit around and enjoy the moon.

　　In a sense, Mid-Autumn Festival is not just a holiday, or even a festival. What it infiltrates is Chinese’s long-lasting family ethics and humanistic feelings. What is the Mid-Autumn Festival in your memory?

　　Data map: The moon is round on Mid-Autumn Festival night. China News Service reporter Yan photo

　　Mid-Autumn Festival means warmth and reunion.

　　For wanderers in a foreign land, Mid-Autumn Festival means going home and reuniting. Li Jun is 26 years old and has been in Beijing for three years.

　　Her hometown is in Shanxi. Every Mid-Autumn Festival, Li Jun always plans his trip in advance to ensure that he can get home on time for the holiday. "For Chinese, this is a reunion festival, so I will spend it with my parents.".

　　"On holidays, my dad will buy a bunch of seasonal fruits, especially a big watermelon. Then carve the watermelon into a flower basket shape, add moon cakes and put it on the windowsill ‘ For the moon ’ This is also our local custom. " Li Jun said that the fruit moon cake will be removed after a while and shared by the whole family. The moon cake is a local mixed sugar moon cake, which is delicious.

　　A table of delicious food is inevitable. One of her most impressive family gatherings was last year. "We went to my aunt’s house, and my uncle cooked a lot of hairy crabs and shrimps, and the family ate them while chatting. I will also watch the Mid-Autumn Festival party together, and I feel particularly warm at that time. "

　　“‘ Full moon ’ It is also an important part of the Mid-Autumn Festival. I may be too busy at ordinary times to remember to look up at the moon. Looking at a full moon in the Mid-Autumn Festival night, you will feel that autumn is rich and poetic. " Li Jun concluded that the Mid-Autumn Festival gave her the feeling of "warmth" and "reunion".

　　"Invited Red" condenses the Mid-Autumn Festival flavor in memory.

　　In the eyes of some older people, the Mid-Autumn Festival was once a good opportunity to satisfy their cravings.

　　"Zilaihong" and "Zilaihai" moon cakes. Photo courtesy of respondents

　　"When I was a child, I really looked forward to the Mid-Autumn Festival. Not only is it a family reunion, but it is not rich in materials. You can eat something good during the holidays. " The 60-year-old Zhao Xingli lamented that the Mid-Autumn Festival in that time was equally delicious. "My aunt will bring some candy, and my grandmother will bring some chestnuts and sweet potatoes, which is all my heart."

　　Of course, parents will stew some meat for their children to satisfy their hunger. However, Zhao Xingli said that what impressed me the most was the red moon cakes that my father bought every year. The moon cakes were printed with small animal patterns and smelled fragrant.

　　"After dinner, put a small table in the courtyard, and give male prostitute offerings such as pomegranate grapes. When eating moon cakes, I can’t bear to eat anything like moss crystal sugar, so I have to flush it. " He remembers that adults would teach children to enjoy the moon and said that there were jade rabbits in the moon palace. "At that time, I thought it was true and I would agree that I saw rabbits."

　　Nowadays, life is rich, and there are more and more delicious foods to eat in the Mid-Autumn Festival. However, Zhao Xingli said that during the Mid-Autumn Festival, the old father would still call his children to celebrate the festival and buy homemade red moon cakes every year. He still loved them, "because it embodies the love of his parents and the taste of memories of the times."

　　It used to be a secular carnival festival.

　　No matter sitting around watching the Mid-Autumn Festival party now, or enjoying the moon in Yue Bai in the past, it all embodies the theme of "reunion" in the Mid-Autumn Festival. Among several traditional festivals, such as Spring Festival and Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival came into being at the latest. But it contains many customs, most of which have ancient origins.

　　Data Map: The Mid-Autumn Festival Yue Bai ceremony makes people "travel through time and space" and feel the elegant Mid-Autumn Festival of ancient literati. Photo by Luo Bo

　　It is recorded in Dream Liang Lu that the Mid-Autumn Festival on August 15th, when Sanqiu is just half, is called the Mid-Autumn Festival, because the moonlight on this night is often twice as bright as usual, and it is also called the "moonlit". Literally, it is related to the "moonlit" of the ancient autumnal equinox.

　　Many festivals in China are related to the laws of the moon’s movement. The full moon often gives people a round and full aesthetic feeling. The Mid-Autumn Festival is also called the Moon Festival and the Reunion Festival. The fifteenth day of the eighth lunar month coincides with the crisp autumn, offering sacrifices to the moon and Yue Bai and enjoying the moon … … It is a natural expression of people’s feelings.

　　For example, the Mid-Autumn Festival in Song Dynasty is a secular carnival festival. Before the 15th of August, many shops in the street began to sell newly brewed wine, and people scrambled to climb the stairs to enjoy the moon, drinking and singing. On the Mid-Autumn Night, the routine curfew was also cancelled, the night market was open all night, and there were an endless stream of tourists enjoying the moon.

　　During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the custom of Mid-Autumn Festival became more popular, forming such customs as planting Mid-Autumn Festival trees, lighting tower lanterns, lighting sky lanterns, walking on the moon and dancing dragon. Jiangnan is used to offering vegetarian food for the moon and putting a bowl of cold water next to it. After Yue Bai, women and children dipped their fingers in water and painted them on their eyes, hoping that their eyes would be clear.

　　"In addition, in the past, Mid-Autumn Festival was also the day when shops counted accounts and settled wages for employees." Xiao Fang, a professor at Beijing Normal University and an expert in folklore, explained.

　　Today, it is still the "adjustment" of interpersonal relationships.

　　The custom of Mid-Autumn Festival, which has lasted for a long time, still has positive significance today.

　　Data Map: The moon cakes made by children are very creative. Zhuo Zhongwei photo

　　In Xiao Fang’s view, Yue Bai, moon viewing and reunion celebration are the core of the traditional Mid-Autumn Festival custom, which still meets people’s life needs and spiritual needs.

　　For example, the Mid-Autumn Festival is an opportunity for friends and relatives to express their thoughts to each other, and for noisy urban residents, they can enjoy the pleasure of returning to nature in the bright moon. Xiao Fang said that Yue Bai and the celebration of harvest are all gratitude to nature. "People can’t just focus on practical interests, and they should be grateful at all times."

　　Zhao Xingli lamented that in today’s affluent era, the transportation is convenient, and it is not difficult to get together and eat well. "But the Mid-Autumn Festival is too closely related to the spirit of Chinese, and it has a special symbolic significance in life, which is irreplaceable by our usual holidays."

　　"Festivals are the highlights of daily life. The Mid-Autumn Festival has irreplaceable humanistic psychological value and is also a strong expression of family ethics. " Xiao Fang believes that it still plays a role in regulating interpersonal relationships today. People can give gifts to each other and show concern for each other, so as to slow down the busy pace. "Don’t be in such a hurry in life, don’t forget to reunite with relatives and friends." (Li Jun is a pseudonym) (End)

　　Xinhua News Agency, Lanzhou, December 21st (Reporter Huang Zemin, David Do) A wild giant panda poked its head out of the bushes, waddled in and paced away. The trees continue to shake, and another wild giant panda "appears"! This is a scene monitored by the dynamic monitoring system of giant panda habitat spatial data through "bear face recognition". The reporter recently saw these precious pictures in Baishuijiang National Nature Reserve in Gansu.

　　In the pilot construction of the Giant Panda National Park, the Baishuijiang National Nature Reserve in Gansu Province built a dynamic monitoring system for the spatial data of giant panda habitat in October this year. The system initially set up 6 field video monitoring points. Through these monitoring points, the staff can see the real situation in the forest area without leaving home.

　　 The staff of the Giant Panda Domestication and Breeding Center of Baishuijiang National Nature Reserve Administration in Gansu Province are introducing the newly built dynamic monitoring system of spatial data of giant panda habitat. (Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Huang Zemin)

　　According to the fourth national panda survey, there are 110 wild pandas in Baishuijiang Nature Reserve, Gansu Province. It is very difficult to "meet" wild pandas in the vast forest. A few years ago, with the use of monitoring equipment such as infrared cameras, short videos and pictures about wild giant pandas came into public view in large numbers. However, rangers need to replace dry batteries and memory cards for infrared cameras on a quarterly basis, so they often go over mountains and mountains and have a picnic.

　　 On December 13th, patrolman Zhang Xiong (left) and Permit installed an infrared camera. Xinhua News Agency (photo by David Do)

　　Now, the monitoring and protection of wildlife has reached a new level. The reporter saw in the Giant Panda Domestication and Breeding Center in Baishuijiang Nature Reserve, Gansu Province that the monitoring screen occupied the whole wall, and the pictures of six field video monitoring points were clearly visible. He Liwen, director of the Giant Panda Management Office of Gansu Baishuijiang National Nature Reserve Administration, said that after wild animals enter the monitoring area, the system can automatically identify and shoot, and generate folders to store and manage video clips. At present, the panda has the highest system recognition rate.

　　 The images captured by the dynamic monitoring system of giant panda habitat spatial data are displayed on the big screen of the Giant Panda Domestication and Breeding Center of Baishuijiang National Nature Reserve Administration in Gansu Province in real time. (Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Huang Zemin)

　　According to the data, the first time the system captured the wild giant panda was at 17 o’clock on November 21.

　　“‘ Bear face recognition ’ It is very similar to the face recognition system, but the former is more difficult. " He Liwen said, "Face recognition only captures facial features. It is impossible for animals to be all positive after they appear, and all kinds of postures will be there." To this end, as early as 2017, the administration began to cooperate with the outside world to train machine recognition accuracy with the help of massive archived photos.

　　 On November 21st, the dynamic monitoring system of giant panda habitat spatial data captured the wild giant panda for the first time. (Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Huang Zemin)

　　The reporter followed the forest patrolman of the reserve to hike up the mountain. On the mountainside at an altitude of about 2,500 meters, the reporter saw a field video monitoring point. As soon as people get close, the camera is aimed at them immediately.

　　"In recent years, monitoring equipment has captured more pictures of pandas and their mothers. This shows that the population is relatively stable. " He Liwen said. (End)

Shengming

　　CCTV International Network Co., Ltd. ("CCTV") is the brand owner of Panda Channel. Adhering to the concept that "innovation is the first driving force to lead development, and protecting intellectual property rights means protecting innovation", CCTV attaches great importance to product independent research and development and intellectual property protection, and jointly launched several highly simulated panda dolls with Panda Factory under the name of "Panda Channel× Panda Factory", which are deeply loved by consumers.

　　Recently, a large number of high-simulation panda doll products with malicious imitation of "Panda Channel × Panda Factory" series appeared in the market, which seriously interfered with the market operation order and damaged the rights and interests of consumers and the legitimate rights and interests of CCTV and Panda Factory. In this regard, our company solemnly declares as follows:

　　CCTV only cooperates with Panda Factory to jointly launch high-simulation panda doll products in the name of "Panda Channel× Panda Factory", and sells them online and offline through official channels or officially authorized channels. All other high-simulation panda doll products such as "Menglan" and "Hehua" sold in the name of "Panda Channel× Panda Factory" are not authorized by our company and are infringing products.

　　Consumers are requested to identify the joint logo of Panda Channel and Panda Factory when purchasing (see Annex 1 for details), and purchase related products from official channels or officially authorized channels (see Annex 2 for details, and our company will inform you in time if the sales channels are updated) to avoid being deceived. At the same time, consumers are welcome to provide infringement clues to our company, and our company will take legal measures to investigate the legal responsibilities of relevant infringers and safeguard our legitimate rights and interests.

　　Hereby declare!

CCTV International Network Limited

September 27, 2023