Original zi yi Guo ke

Imagine such a scene: a new drug-resistant bacteria will be popular among people in the future, and you are unfortunately infected and lying in the intensive care unit. All the antibiotics injected into your body are completely ineffective, and your life is dying, and you will die like many infected people …

Terrible, isn’t it?

In order to keep yourself alive and avoid the above scene becoming a reality, can you get rid of the habit of taking antibiotics easily from now on to ensure your safety?

No, you don’t abuse antibiotics, your family and friends may abuse them, strangers you meet on the road may abuse them, and even pigs may abuse them.

However, does the use of antibiotics have anything to do with my infection? Of course, drug-resistant bacteria from other people and animals can also infect you.

Abuse of antibiotics by others or animals may also infect you giphy drug-resistant bacteria.

Gonorrhea in the U.S navy is difficult to treat.

Because the sex workers used the wrong antibiotics?

In the 1960s, millions of sailors gathered all the year round at the US Naval Base in subic bay. A large number of people flow has promoted the prosperity and development of local economy, especially bars, nightclubs and brothels. Navy soldiers often hang around these places as long as they are not on duty.

After indulging, many people go to see a military doctor as soon as they return to the boat because they find urethral secretions. They were diagnosed with gonorrhea, that is, gonococcal infection, and received standard penicillin treatment. But strangely, the treatment effect of the navy is not ideal, and the number of infected people is increasing.

The preventive medicine department of the navy conducted an investigation and found that there were two reasons for the failure of the navy’s treatment: one was misdiagnosis, and half of the people suffered from nongonococcal urethritis (such as chlamydia and mycoplasma infection) instead of gonorrhea; The second is drug resistance. The other half of the soldiers who were really infected with gonococcus had strong drug resistance to penicillin, which was not common at that time.

Why is there such a large-scale drug resistance at the naval base in subic bay?

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is resistant to penicillin, which leads to unsatisfactory treatment effect of gonorrhea | flickr

Gonorrhea is mainly transmitted through sexual contact. Considering the common "recreational activities" of the navy, the preventive medicine department began an investigation from sex workers. It turns out that in a clinic where sex workers gather, doctors use benzathine penicillin to treat gonorrhea of sex workers, and they also go to the pharmacy to buy this penicillin themselves.

However, killing Neisseria gonorrhoeae, especially Neisseria gonorrhoeae resistant to penicillin, requires the use of fast-acting drugs, and the drugs cannot stay in the body for too long, otherwise it will provide natural selection opportunities for drug-resistant bacteria. Therefore, the most suitable drug is procaine penicillin, not benzathine penicillin, which has slow onset and long retention time in the body. Excessive use of the same wrong drug has produced penicillin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in sex workers.

At the same time, the preventive medicine department also found that when the sex workers were examined in this small clinic, the doctor never disinfected the vaginal dilator to improve efficiency, but put a big bucket of water beside him. After each patient was examined, he rinsed it in the bucket and then continued to examine the next one. This irregular operation paved a broad road for the spread of pathogenic bacteria …

In this way, the drug-resistant bacteria spread from one sex worker to another, and then infected the navy soldiers through sexual transmission, and the soldiers then spread them to other sex workers, which led to the widespread spread of drug-resistant bacteria.

After discovering the cause, the Department of Preventive Medicine improved the treatment scheme of gonorrhea, and solved the problem of cross infection by purchasing sterilizers and a large number of vaginal dilators. Finally, the number of patients with drug-resistant gonorrhea plummeted, and the situation of seafarers improved.

Drug-resistant bacteria repeatedly "jump horizontally" among sex workers and naval soldiers, leading to the widespread spread of drug-resistant bacteria | pexels

Pigs eat antibiotics

It can also "upgrade" the bacteria on people.

Drug-resistant bacteria can spread not only between people, but also between people and animals.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the common multi-drug resistant bacteria, also known as "superbugs".

It is speculated that in 2019, more than 100,000 deaths were related to MRSA. In a study published in June, 2022, Lucy A. Venat of Cambridge University proposed that MRSA (livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, LA-MRSA) in livestock was an important reason for the increasing human infection with MRSA.

Simply put, if pigs eat more antibiotics, they can also "pass" drug-resistant bacteria to people.

But this "transmission" is not that bacteria directly run from pigs to people, but that drug-resistant bacteria in pigs pass the "skill" of drug resistance to bacteria in people. This is achieved by Mobile genetic elements, MGEs). MGEs can "transport" drug-resistant genes from one bacterium to another, even if the two bacteria belong to different species.

Drug-resistant genes can be integrated into plasmids, and then enter other bacteria through plasmids.

Scientists have found that among the most common LA-MRSA in Europe, one MGEs with drug resistance gene has been stably inherited for 57 years, which dates back to the time when antibiotics were widely used in livestock.

When livestock use a large number of antibiotics to produce LA-MRSA, the related drug-resistant genes can be grafted into human Staphylococcus aureus through MGEs transfer, so that the common Staphylococcus aureus can be "upgraded" to drug-resistant MRSA. Even if humans did not use antibiotics at that time, they would be infected with bacteria that were more difficult to treat.

"One world, one health", the uncontrolled use of antibiotics on animals will eventually affect human beings.

After a large number of animals use antibiotics to produce drug-resistant bacteria, the related drug-resistant genes can "upgrade" the bacteria in people | wallpaperflare

Norwegians eat 24 tons of antibiotics every year.

Norwegian salmon eats 48 tons

Today, more and more people are aware of this potential crisis, and the control system of antibiotic use in aquaculture tends to be perfect, but this was not the case decades ago.

After the emergence of antibiotics, people who breed livestock and poultry found that feeding antibiotics can not only fight against some infectious diseases, but also promote the growth of livestock and poultry, increase the output of agricultural meat products and improve profits.

In the 1960s, many countries, such as Britain, Germany, the Netherlands, and the United States, enacted laws to reduce the use of antibiotics-especially to reduce the use of antibiotics for humans by livestock. However, driven by interests, these policies are either strongly resisted or disobeyed, and it is always difficult to implement them.

But there are also successful examples.

Norway has the highest salmon production in the world, and its quality is among the best.

Orange-yellow fish, fresh Q-bomb, is soft, tender and smooth in one bite, melts in the mouth, and the special aroma spreads in the mouth … Well, it’s a bit off topic | flickr.

In 1980s, Norwegian salmon industry developed on a large scale, which brought a problem, that is, furuncle began to spread in fish on a large scale. In order to protect salmon, Norwegian fishermen began to use antibiotics preventively and added them directly to fish feed. By the end of 1980s, the demand for antibiotics was increasing, and fishermen even used cement mixers to mix them into fish feed.

During that time, Norwegians prescribed an average of 24 tons of antibiotics every year, while salmon consumed 48 tons of antibiotics every year. Salmon used twice as many antibiotics as all Norwegians!

These fish feeds mixed with antibiotics were directly poured into the fishing ground and flowed into the nearby waters, so that high levels of antibiotics appeared in fish thousands of meters away from the fishing ground, and even in birds that feed on fish.

Local TV stations have produced relevant documentaries, calling on the government to issue an antibiotic supervision bill. However, the appeal was strongly resisted by fishing groups, and the documentary producers also received anonymous threat bombs. Documentaries have been banned, but the truth will never be buried. The public is paying more and more attention to the problem of drug resistance, and the fishery is under increasing pressure.

Fortunately, people later developed a salmon vaccine that can prevent furuncle, which can be injected from the abdomen of fish through automated procedures. This method not only reduces the use of antibiotics, but also stabilizes the salmon economy and has been vigorously promoted.

In 1994, vaccination of salmon became a routine operation in Norway, and the use of antibiotics plummeted.

In recent years, countries are trying to limit or stop using antibiotics in aquaculture. China has always advocated the rational and standardized use of antibiotics in livestock and poultry breeding. Announcement No.194 issued by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs stated that since New Year’s Day in 2020, the addition of antibiotics to feed in China has been completely banned.

Efforts to restrict or stop using antibiotics in aquaculture | Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China

The emergence of drug resistance predates the invention of antibiotics.

But the abuse of antibiotics makes it rampant.

Whether in the medical industry or animal husbandry, standardizing the use of antibiotics is to avoid producing drug-resistant bacteria and ensure that after human beings are infected with bacteria, antibiotics can kill bacteria and cure diseases.

However, the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria is not entirely the result of antibiotic use.

A study in 2012 found that there were many kinds of bacteria resistant to potent and advanced antibiotics in Lechuguilla cave, which was isolated from human civilization for nearly 4 million years. Among the 40 antibiotics tested by the researchers, a Bacteroides bacterium with the number LC231 is resistant to 26 of them.

Lechukier Cave | flickr

Another similar example is that in 2013, scientists analyzed a batch of microbial specimens from isolated Indians living in the depths of the Amazon jungle, who had never used antibiotics. The results showed that these microorganisms were resistant not only to natural antibiotics, but also to some synthetic antibiotics.

Therefore, it is actually natural evolution that initially caused bacteria to develop drug resistance.

For a long time, there are many kinds of bacteria in the soil. In order to compete for living space, they have to work hard to find ways to beat their competitors. Some bacteria have evolved the ability to make antibiotics and actively attack other bacteria. For example, the streptomycin we use now comes from streptomyces griseus in the soil. There are also some "Buddha" bacteria that only defend and do not attack. In order to defend their territory, they have evolved a set of mechanisms to resist the attack of foreign antibiotics, which is drug resistance.

Drug resistance is difficult to deal with because it is a defense mechanism that bacteria have evolved for thousands of years.

In the common defense system of bacteria, the outermost layer is the cell wall, which resists foreign attacks like a city wall, and the inner layer is a relatively thin inner membrane, which together protect the interior of bacteria from being destroyed.

When different kinds of antibiotics invade bacteria, they have different strategies:

Classification of attack modes against bacterial antibiotics

(1) by opening holes in the cell wall and cell membrane to launch a large-scale frontal attack, thus killing bacteria, such as polymyxin.

Frontal attack on cell walls and cell membranes | Photo courtesy of the author

(2) to prevent bacteria from building a complete cell wall, so that they lose protection and rupture and die, such as penicillin, cephalosporin, vancomycin, etc.

Prevent bacteria from building cell walls | Photo courtesy of the author

(3) Sneak into bacteria, control the "headquarters" in charge of the synthesis of important substances, interfere with the synthesis of nucleic acids, enzymes, protein, and inhibit bacterial reproduction, such as tetracycline, azithromycin, levofloxacin and sulfonamides.

"Hijacking" the bacterial "headquarters" and interfering with the synthesis of important substances | Photo courtesy of the author

In the process of resistance, bacteria constantly evolve through gene mutation, and some random mutations can just resist the attack of antibiotics, so this part of bacteria survived the battle and passed this mutation on to the next generation, giving future generations the ability to resist antibiotics. There are many forms of these mutations, mainly the following:

Classification of bacterial defense modes

(1) create cell walls that antibiotics can’t recognize, so that they can’t play a role, such as vancomycin-resistant drug-resistant bacteria.

② Shrink the boundary and reduce the permeability of the cell wall, so as to prevent certain kinds of antibiotics from entering the interior, or strictly limit their quantity, and weaken their bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects.

③ Use the efflux pump on the cell membrane to actively pump antibiotics out of the body.

(4) using the cleaving enzyme in bacteria to cut off antibiotic molecules, so that it loses its curative effect. One of the most famous enzymes is called "β-lactamase", which can cut off β -lactam antibiotics such as penicillin, cephalosporin and vancomycin.

⑤ Adding chemical groups to antibiotic molecules makes antibiotics huge and difficult to reach the "headquarters".

⑥ Change the shape or size of the target targeted by antibiotics, so that antibiotics cannot accurately identify and attack. For example, MRSA stopped synthesizing protein, which can be found by the antibiotic methicillin, and instead made another protein with different structure but the same function.

The drug resistance mechanism of drug-resistant bacteria found in Lechukier cave is almost the same as that of the well-known drug-resistant bacteria, and even several more than that previously known by human beings. This is enough to show that the mechanism of bacterial drug resistance is very old, and it may have existed before human activities.

So, what’s the point of restricting the use of antibiotics?

Of course there is.

In natural evolution, for thousands of years, the bacteria that produce antibiotics and the bacteria that resist antibiotics have restricted each other and reached a balanced competition. However, the overuse of antibiotics in the world has led to more and faster evolution of drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria, and drug-resistant bacteria in soil, water, homes and hospitals have flourished and flooded without substantial competition.

Therefore, although the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria is the result of natural evolution, the proliferation of drug-resistant bacteria is indeed caused by antibiotic abuse.

The terrible thing about flooding is that the speed of human research and development of new antibiotics can’t keep up with the speed of drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria. If this continues, there will be more and more infectious diseases without antibiotics, and the number of people who die from drug-resistant bacterial infections will also increase year by year.

The overuse of antibiotics in the world makes pathogenic bacteria evolve drug resistance more and faster | The University of Queensland.

Avoid drug resistance:

You can’t use more or less.

If you want to avoid the proliferation of drug-resistant bacteria and the horror scene at the beginning of the article, there are some ways.

First of all, don’t use antibiotics when they can’t cure the disease.

In the eighties and nineties, for many people, antibiotics were the "standard" for treating cough, fever and diarrhea, and they could be bought at pharmacies at any time without a doctor’s prescription. So, regardless of the cause of discomfort, let’s take an antibiotic first. At that time, in some remote areas, some people even took penicillin as a health care drug and gave it once a year to keep fit.

In many cases, there are no pathogens that can be killed by antibiotics. Antibiotics can only kill or inhibit specific pathogens through the mechanism mentioned above, but besides bacterial or fungal infections, people may get sick by virus infection, allergic reaction, inflammatory diseases, physical or chemical damage, etc. Antibiotics have no therapeutic effect on these situations.

When used in symptomatic cases, antibiotics can not cure diseases, but only increase the risk of drug resistance, without any benefit!

Antibiotics ≠ anti-inflammatory drugs

Many people are used to calling antibiotics "anti-inflammatory drugs". In fact, this statement is wrong, and the confusion of concepts can easily lead to some oolong incidents (click for details).

Strictly speaking, "anti-inflammatory drugs" should be called "anti-inflammatory drugs". Inflammation refers to a defensive response of the human body to stimuli, which is generally manifested as "redness, swelling and heat pain", which can be infectious inflammation caused by pathogens or non-infectious inflammation not caused by pathogens. Anti-inflammatory drugs refer to drugs that can resist these reactions, including steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (such as glucocorticoid) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (such as ibuprofen and acetaminophen).

In a word, the role of antibiotics is to kill or inhibit specific pathogens, and the role of "anti-inflammatory drugs" is to reduce the inflammatory reaction of the body. The roles of the two are different and the applicable diseases are different.

Having said so much about the dangers of antibiotics, should we regard antibiotics as a scourge and ban their use? Of course not! Since penicillin was discovered in 1928, the contribution of antibiotics to human health is beyond doubt.

According to a report in 2016, there are about 214,000 children under the age of 5 who die from drug-resistant infections every year in the world, but the number of people who die because they can’t get antibiotics is twice this number. Obviously, it is impossible to use antibiotics completely at present.

So, some "smart people" found a middle point by themselves: since it is not good to eat more, I will eat less. The doctor asked me to eat for three days if I ate for five days, and the doctor asked me to eat one if I ate two pills …

Please don’t! This is not treating a disease, but making a culture medium for drug-resistant bacteria. Because the pathogens always follow such a golden rule: those who can’t kill me will eventually make me stronger.

When the dosage and use time of antibiotics are not up to standard, all pathogens cannot be killed, and those who survive can easily evolve the best resistance to this antibiotic and pass on the resistance genes-not only to their offspring through reproduction, but also to other bacteria and others.

Therefore, when using antibiotics, we need to find a balance: use it when necessary, and use it correctly and standardly. For ordinary people, the most important thing is to use antibiotics in a symptomatic, adequate and full course of treatment. As for how to do these three things, it is good to use the medicine strictly according to the doctor’s advice.

In addition, for your own health, you should also supervise people around you to take medicine well.

references

[1] Muhammad H.Zaman. History of drug-resistant bacteria [M]. CITIC Publishing Group, 2021.

[2] Matuszewska M, Murray GGR, Ba X, et al. Stable antibiotic resistance and rapid human adaptation in livestock-associated MRSA. Elife. 2022 Jun 28.

[3] Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators. Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis. Lancet. 2022 Oct 1.

[4] Bhullar K, Waglechner N, Pawlowski A, et al. Antibiotic resistance is prevalent in an isolated cave microbiome. PLoS One. 2012.

[5] Clemente JC, Pehrsson EC, Blaser MJ, et al. The microbiome of uncontacted Amerindians. Sci Adv. 2015 Apr 3.

[6] Norman A, Hansen LH, S?rensen SJ. Et al. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. Conjugative plasmids: vessels of the communal gene pool. 2009 Aug 12.

Author: Purple clothes

Read the original text

　　According to the China Manned Space Engineering Office, the crew of Shenzhou 14 astronauts will return to the Dongfeng landing site in shenzhou spaceship on December 4. In order to welcome their return, the Shenzhou Medical Rescue Team of the Special Medical Center of the Strategic Support Force began to prepare for the war eight months ago.

"Report to the commander, find the rescue targets No.01, No.02 and No.03, and quickly carry out the nuclear inspection."

　　In the early winter, in the Shenzhou search and rescue drill field deep in the Gobi, with the order issued, three medical rescue helicopter engines roared, and 12 medical rescue detachment fighters carried medical rescue equipment, and the helicopter immediately descended from a height of 30 meters to the designated position.

　　After arriving at the scene, the Shenzhou medical rescue team immediately "showed off" new technologies such as field head and neck spine protection and anti-hypothermia integrated device, hemostatic preset needle, bone marrow cavity puncture infusion system, etc.3 seconds of successful bone marrow puncture, 30 seconds of hemostatic injection and 90 seconds of spinal protection.. This is a scene in which Shenzhou Medical Rescue Team, a characteristic medical center of the strategic support forces, organized a real-life practical training exercise in response to extremely complicated conditions.

　　The Special Medical Center of the Strategic Support Force undertakes the tasks of first aid before landing, evacuation after transshipment, general logistics hospital and rehabilitation after return, aiming at providing more reliable, safer and warmer medical care for astronauts. The characteristic medical center of the strategic support force gives full play to the two-wheel driving force of medical research, supports the actual medical support, organizes research and innovation, and repeatedly tests first-aid devices.

　　Gu Jianwen, director of the Special Medical Center of the Strategic Support Force and captain of the Shenzhou Medical Rescue Team, said, "The first thing for medical escort flying is technology first.Strategic support force characteristic medical centerFulfilling the dual functions of medical treatment and scientific research and realizing the deep coupling between medical treatment and scientific research is not only an important way to improve the space medical support ability, but also the mission and responsibility of the characteristic medical center of the strategic support force. "

　　Shenzhou medical rescue team moved thousands of miles to prepare for the battle for eight months. Starting from laying solid organizational piles, ideological piles and technical piles, in view of the special requirements of resisting low temperature, unclear vision at night and cold caused by wind in extremely cold conditions, it repeatedly discussed the night medical security strategy in cold areas, refined 13 kinds of medical treatment plans, optimized the standardized procedures for dealing with injuries, and aimed at the task characteristic system.Design low-temperature and cold-proof multifunctional gloves and a modular, information-based and integrated portable medical platform.We have compiled information management software for medical combat readiness materials, etc., improved the level of epidemic prevention and control, ensured the life, health and safety of astronauts, and made efforts to realize the transformation from receiving people to saving people, from relying on experience to outline procedures, from being able to use them accurately and reliably, from being able to use them in consultation to being conditioned, from having one’s own training to being able to use them freely, and from being reasonable to being strict.

　　"The astronauts will return soon. Next, we will continue to stand on our posts and make unremitting efforts to thoroughly study and implement the spirit of the 20th Party Congress.Complete the medical security task of escorting Shenzhou with high standards and high quality with the confidence to win and succeed, the courage to give up others, the technology of precise disposal and the spirit of hard work and dedication.. "Team member Dr. Zhu Ming said firmly.

Popular science classroom

Low-temperature cold-proof multifunctional gloves special for aerospace medical treatment

　　The Shenzhou-14 manned spacecraft is scheduled to return to the Dongfeng landing site in the cold weather at night. Due to the influence of geographical conditions and climate factors, the low temperature has brought great difficulties to medical rescuers in carrying out various tasks. In order to ensure the smooth and accurate medical treatment, Shenzhou Medical Rescue Team designed and equipped the "low-temperature and cold-proof multifunctional gloves for aerospace medical treatment".

Mainly reflected in the following aspects:

　　First, the warm-keeping function

　　1. All indicators of gloves areComply with the "hand protection — Cold gloves (GB/T 38304-2019)People’s Republic of China (PRC) national standard,Is suitable for the climatic environment as low as-50 DEG C,Work activities that require fine operation with both hands;

　　2, gloves are made of five layers of materials, the innermost is soft cotton material, to ensure the comfort of the hand, respectively outward in turn.It is provided with a retractable fiber layer, a thermal fiber layer, an antibacterial fabric layer and a waterproof and breathable fabric layer.. The metacarpophalangeal joint and thumb joint are designed with zipper respectively, and the outer layer is designed with lengthening and extension, at the same time, it has the function of self-contraction, which ensures the sealing and mobility between wrist and forearm;

　　3, while giving consideration to comfort and functionality, fully consider the adaptability of special environment, and choose fabrics at the same time.It has the functions of keeping warm, preventing sand and water.;

　　4. The inner layer on the back of the glove is expanded with a movable interlayer with a size of about 6×5 cm.Self-heating materials or electric heating sheets can be placed to improve the warm-keeping function..

　　Second, the operation function

　　1. The outer layer of gloves is provided with an integrated hook, which is used to be hung directly on clothes or bags after being taken off as a whole, so that it can be put on and carried;

　　2. When hand operation is needed, the finger gloves can be partially folded backwards by unzipping the metacarpophalangeal joints and thumb joints, and fixed on the back of the hand by hook and loop, so that all fingers are exposed for fine operation, and fingers can also be retracted into the gloves for heating at any time;

　　3. Thumb surface materialTouch screen designAnd ensures the accuracy of instrument operation under the condition of finger tip skin covering;

　　4. Outside the waterproof and breathable fabric layer on the palm sideIncrease anti-skid and resistance materialsTo ensure the stability and comfort of lifting, handling or grasping.

　　Authors: Junfeng Gao, Liu Xiaoming and Gao Chuan.

　　With the popularity of the Internet, there have been many technologies based on the Internet "cloud" recently. Recently, a user-friendly "sogou Cloud Input Method" was released. So, what exactly is the "cloud input method"? What kind of experience does it bring to users? Compared with the traditional client input method, what are its advantages and disadvantages? Next, let’s explore this "sogou Cloud Input Method" with the author.

　　One,What is "sogou Cloud Input Method"?

　　Sogou Cloud Input Method is a conceptual input method product based on Sogou Pinyin Input Method and cloud computing technology. Compared with the general input method, the most obvious difference is that it relies entirely on operation, has a stronger language model and thesaurus, and can greatly improve the input accuracy, especially the accuracy of long sentences. As a demonstrative concept product, sogou Cloud Input Method can only be used on web pages at present. (Excerpted from sogou Cloud Input Method) official website.

Fig. 1 technical schematic diagram

　　Second, the magical installation-free input method

　　Since sogou Cloud Input Method is an installation-free version, all users need to do is add this address to their favorites, which is very convenient and fast, especially on computers without client Pinyin Input Method. If users need to call sogou Cloud Input Method, they only need to directly open "Enable sogou Cloud Input Method" in favorites on the called page, and then they can use sogou Cloud Input Method to input. However, if users open a new page or refresh the page, they need to repeatedly open the "Enable sogou Cloud Input Method" in their favorites to use it.

Figure 2 Add to Favorites (or Click and Play)

Figure 3 Enable sogou Cloud Input Method

　　I thought that sogou Cloud Input Method would use ActiveX technology, which is a common method used by many domestic manufacturers. But as can be seen from the shortcut, sogou Cloud Input Method is based on JavaScript technology. This makes the sogou cloud input method more compatible, and can be widely used in various browsers and operating systems, and it is really easy to use without installation.

　　Third,Input experience

　　The status bar of sogou Cloud Input Method is very simple, and there are only four commonly used function buttons: Chinese-English switching, full/half angle switching, Chinese-English punctuation switching and closing. Sogou cloud input methods all adopt default settings, and users cannot change the input method settings. The functions of fuzzy sound and dynamic word frequency commonly used by users are not integrated.

Figure 4 Status bar of sogou cloud input method

　　Experience: When using sogou Cloud Input Method, the appearance of candidate words is slightly delayed (related to the network speed). But in terms of input accuracy, sogou Cloud Input Method is indeed more accurate than the client version. When the client input method installed by the user conflicts, the sogou Cloud input method automatically switches to the English input method state to avoid the conflict between the two input methods. Users only need to press the shift key to switch between the two input methods freely. The author comments on the input box of Pacific Computer Network, Sina Weibo input box, Discuz! All of them are used well. However, QQ on the web page is inconvenient to use and often cannot be successfully called.

Figure 5 Quick Input

Figure 6 Automatic conflict resolution

　　Fourth, the input measurement

　　As mentioned above, sogou Cloud is indeed more accurate than the client version. Then, I will use a paragraph to test the sogou Cloud Input Method, Input Method 4.3 and Input Method 2.3. All input methods have turned off the functions of fuzzy sound and dynamic word frequency. The author directly inputs the pinyin of a sentence, and then obtains the results of each input method candidate word/sentence.

　　Test a current news input test

　　China was hit by the first cold wave this autumn, with severe cooling in most areas. The temperature in some parts of Northeast China plummeted by more than 20 degrees Celsius. According to the statistics of the past 50 years, the time of the first snow in Beijing all the year round is around November 29 every year, and this year’s first snow time is a whole month ahead of schedule. (original)

　　Zhong Guo Zao Yu Jin Qiu Shouci Han Chao Tian Qi Xiji, (direct input pinyin test)

　　da bu di qu chu xian ju lie jiang wen tian qi。

　　dong bei ju bu di qu qi wen zhou jiang chao guo er shi she shi du。

　　gen ju guo qu wu shi nian de shu ju tong ji，

　　bei jing di qu chang nian chu xian chu xue de shi jian

　　zai mei nian de shi yi yue er shi jiu ri zuo you，

　　jin nian de chu xue shi jian ti qian liao zheng zheng yi ge yue。

　　test result　　

　　China encounters.score a goalThe first cold wave weather hit, and severe cooling weather occurred in most areas. The temperature in some parts of Northeast China plummeted by more than 20 degrees Celsius. According to the statistics of the past 50 years, Beijing area appears all the year round.begin to learnTime, around November 29th every year, this year’sbegin to learnThe time was advanced by a whole month. (sogou pinyin pinyin 4.3)

　　China encounters.score a goalThe first cold wave weather hit, and severe cooling weather occurred in most areas. The temperature in some parts of Northeast China plummeted by more than 20 degrees Celsius. According to the statistics of the past 50 years, Beijing area appears all the year round.bleedTime, around November 29th every year, this year’sbleedThe time was advanced by a whole month. (QQ Pinyin 2.3)

　　China was hit by the first cold wave this autumn, with severe cooling in most areas, and the temperature in some parts of Northeast China plummeted by more than 20 degrees Celsius. According to the statistics of the past 50 years, the time of the first snow in Beijing all the year round is around November 20 every year, and this year’s first snow time is a whole month ahead of schedule. (sogou Cloud Input Method)

　　By the way: it’s cold, netizens remember to add clothes.

　　Test 2 Life Common Sense Input Test

　　Eight things you should do to prevent influenza A (H1N1): washing your hands is the first priority; Avoid hand contact with eyes, nose and mouth; Cover with your hands when sneezing or coughing; Seek medical attention as soon as possible when you have a fever; Pay attention to disinfection of living environment; Avoid contact with respiratory patients; Do not eat undercooked pork; Avoid going to crowded people. (original)

　　Yu fang jia xing H 1 N 1 liu gan, ni yao zuo de ba jian shi: (direct input pinyin test)

　　xi shou shi di yi yao wu；

　　bi mian shou bu jie chu yan jing　 bi ji kou ；

　　da pen ti huo ke sou shi yong shou zhe yan ；

　　fa shao shi jin zao qiu yi ；

　　zhu yi wei ju zhu huan jing xiao du　 ；

　　bi mian jie chu hu xi bing ren ；

　　bu chi mei you zhu shu de zhu rou ；

　　bi mian qu yong ji de ren qun 。

　　test result

　　preventJiaxingH1N1 flu, what you have to do.One thing.: the first priority when washing hands; Avoid contact with eyes,Bijikou; Cover with your hands when sneezing or coughing; The fever was this morning.polo shirt;doctrineDisinfect the living environment; Avoid contact with respiratory patients; Do not eat undercooked pork; Avoid going to crowded people. (sogou Pinyin 4.3)

　　preventJiaxingH1N1 flu, what you have to do.Ba knowledge：absorptionThe first priority; Avoid contact with eyes,Bijikou; Cover your sneeze or cough with your hands; As soon as possible when you have a feverpolo shirt; Pay attention to disinfection of living environment; Avoid contact with respiratory patients; Do not eat undercooked pork; Avoid going to crowded people. (QQ Pinyin 2.3)

　　Eight things you should do to prevent influenza A (H1N1); Washing hands is the first priority; Avoid hand contact with eyes,Bijikou; Cover with your hands when sneezing or coughing; Seek medical attention as soon as possible when you have a fever.pay attention toDisinfect the living environment; Avoid contact with respiratory patients; Don’t eat undercooked pork and avoid crowds. (sogou Cloud Input Method)

　　Test three popular keyword input tests

　　From the above tests, we can see that it is indeed much more accurate to input long sentences and popular keywords by using "sogou Cloud Input Method". This should benefit from sogou’s powerful computing and storage server and rich thesaurus, which makes users input easily.

　　Note: Numbers in brackets are the serial numbers of candidate words.

　　Test 4 compatibility test

　　In order to test the compatibility of sogou Cloud Input Method, the author tries to use sogou Cloud Input Method for text input in popular browsers.

Figure 7 is running normally.

Figure 8 is running normally.

　　After testing, sogou Cloud Input Method works well under IE8, Firefox, Opera and Windows. On the contrary, it can’t be called in browser 3 based on IE core, and it works well in Maxthon 2. Sogou cloud input method benefits from JavaScript technology, and the browser has little influence on it. However, the programming language technology adopted by the input editing boxes on the network has become a stumbling block for sogou cloud input method. Although sogou Cloud Input Method is compatible with most input boxes on the Internet, there are still some input boxes that cannot call sogou Cloud Input Method, such as the log editing box in QQ space.

　　Editor’s note:It is reported that Windows of the World browser version 3.0 is temporarily not allowed to run JS directly from favorites due to security mechanism problems, but considering the needs of netizens, a new version will be released soon to solve this problem in a friendly way.

　　summary

　　Sogou Cloud Input Method is an innovative input method in China. With its powerful "cloud computing" technology and rich thesaurus, it provides users with an accurate input tool. Good compatibility, so that users who use various browsers and operating systems can use it.

　　Sogou cloud input method depends on the network, so it can’t be used without the network. Moreover, the response speed of displayed candidate words after input also depends on the user’s network speed, which seriously delays the user’s input speed for users with slow network speed.

　　Because sogou cloud input method can only be used in the edit input box of web pages, the narrow application scope seriously limits the possibility of popularization of sogou cloud input method. After all, at this stage, most users in China use input methods only in tools and tools. Moreover, sogou Cloud Input Method is limited to Pinyin input mode, and does not support Wubi input mode, which also limits the users.

The Fifth Session of the 12th Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference will hold its second plenary meeting in the Great Hall of the People at 3pm on March 9th. Many CPPCC members will give speeches on relevant topics. The meeting will be broadcast live on the website of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and related news websites. Please watch.

Live video address: www.cppcc.gov.cn/zhibo1.html

China Political Consultative Conference Network

March 9, 2017

Special feature of 1905 film network The romantic comedy film tells the romantic comedy story of Bai Na, a charlatan, and Yao Dong, a simple man in a small town. Don’t guess the girl’s mind, especially the heroine in this film. From the beginning to the end, it would be a big mistake if everyone’s impression still stays in the beauty school flower or the sad heroine. She has turned into an eccentric and eloquent female liar, holding the hero tightly.

Su Qin, an emotional expert, said: "Every time I see the heroine’s scene, I think of Zhang Wuji. He always doesn’t believe all the big beauties because his mother told him before his death that the more beautiful the girl, the more likely she is to cheat. Of course, this’ cheat’ is quoted, which makes people feel very cute. For example, she had a quarrel with a boy, and then slapped the man in the face, and immediately turned back to call her uncle and made a face of being beaten; There is also a bridge where the female host has been abandoned by love rat for five or six times when she is questioned by the male host and a large family. "

Bai Na in the film, relying on her own efforts, deceived almost everyone, and at the same time gained the love of these people. All this is not only due to her "deception", but Bai Na has various bright spots. When she first came to meet the male host family, she used the technique of sweet mouth. Her father, aunt and grandmother were called, and Bai Na didn’t say a word. She first narrowed the distance with this family in terms of address, which made everyone very happy.

At the same time, she is not stingy with her sincerity. When communicating with people, in addition to language, the communication assistance of sight and body is also very important. Bai Na pays great attention to details and uses her big eyes to convey emotions from time to time, which makes this family believe her unconditionally. Finally, there is Bai Na’s memory. She pays great attention to the information she has obtained, reorganizes it and relays it at an appropriate time, showing her concern for this family, which quickly enhances the family’s goodwill towards her.

It can be said that these characteristics of Bai Na are worth learning from many couples. Behind these so-called "tricks" are respect, sincerity and concern. It is these three skills that make Bai Na invincible and win the affirmation of the male owner and family. In the process of promoting the feelings of many couples, the other family is a very important factor. After talking about marriage, both men and women need to learn to get along with each other’s family system. At this time, we might as well try these characteristics of Bai Na and get along with each other’s family with sincerity and goodwill, so as to promote feelings and live a happy life together in the future.

When it comes to lovers and couples’ life, many people yearn for feelings of mutual respect, but in fact, this way of getting along is very unreal. Love and quarrel are often the normal state in feelings. Quarrel, as an indispensable part of it, makes many people feel headache and fear, because it often means the end or estrangement of a relationship, but the truth is that quarrel is not terrible. If it can be quarreled correctly, this small storm will become an emotional adhesive and a means of communication. When lovers and couples quarrel, the most important thing is to vent their true thoughts in each other’s hearts, so as to promote mutual understanding, while the most unscientific quarrel is cold violence, closing their hearts and not saying their true thoughts, or insulting each other with words when they are not right about people.

In Please Don’t Believe Her, the hero and heroine rarely involve such an unscientific way of quarreling, but in anger, some verbal injuries are hard to avoid, because everyone has the desire to protect their dignity. Once the bottom line and dignity are provoked, it is easy to make a more intense counterattack, so when quarreling, this line must be held. In one of the quarrels, the man accused the woman of being a liar. This word deeply hurt Bai Na, so she tried her best to show weakness. At the same time, she sought alliances and external forces to support herself, and used the man’s family to fight back, instead of taking other more intense ways to further worsen her feelings. In this process, she also gradually merged into a sincere, warm, kind and especially loving family from a liar. Everyone regarded her as a gentle, kind, lively and lovely girl, and her heart was affected, which made her such a beautiful self.

Sincere communication between feelings requires skill. Say the right words at the right time, and the communication time is very important, which will make everyone feel more rational. When communicating, you need to find the common ground between the other party and yourself first, so that the other party can accept it psychologically. Choosing the right time, the right place and saying the right words is a very important love wisdom. We must learn to understand each other, and in the process of constantly understanding each other, we can effectively promote our feelings and make each other happy and satisfied.

On the morning of February 3rd, under the guidance of Sichuan Provincial Department of Commerce and sponsored by Meishan Municipal Bureau of Commerce and Dongpo District Government of Meishan City, "Weimei Sichuan Xiangpiao Dongpo" 2023 Meishan Food Activity and Meizhou Famous Chef Award Ceremony were held in Impression Water Street of Dongpo, Meishan, which also marked the official launch of 2023 Meishan Food Activity.

The event lasted from February 3rd to February 5th (Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first month). During the event, hundreds of food merchants were attracted to participate. The products included Tianfu famous dishes, Dongpo famous dishes, non-legacy foods, special snacks, innovative products, rich American foods and high quality and low price.

In the past, the hebang cuisine in Sichuan cuisine refers to the food taste along the Minjiang River. How to connect the cities along the Minjiang River into a modern food corridor? On the same day, the food industry associations in Chengdu, Meishan, Deyang, Ziyang and Leshan signed a strategic cooperation agreement to jointly build a "Minjiang Food Corridor in Metropolitan Area", which will rely on the opportunity of the urbanization development of Chengde Meizi to strengthen cooperation and exchange and innovative research and development of dishes, jointly inherit Sichuan cuisine culture and develop Tianfu cuisine. The event also publicized the local standards of Dongpo cuisine in Sichuan Province (Meishan City).

In recent years, Meishan City has adhered to the "Meishan Excellent Talents Project" as the overall plan, gradually implemented the Meizhou local talents cultivation plan, carried out the cultivation and selection of Meizhou famous craftsmen and Meizhou famous chefs, and awarded the second batch of Meizhou famous chefs. (Bai Yang reporter Zhang Meng)

CCTV News:Report to the 20th CPC National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to comprehensively promote rural revitalization, develop rural characteristic industries, and broaden the channels for farmers to increase their income and become rich. All localities have adapted to local conditions, adjusted their planting structure, and developed a variety of industries in an integrated way.

At present, it is the harvest season of Camellia oleifera. In the Camellia oleifera base in Poyang County, Jiangxi Province, heavy Camellia oleifera seeds are covered with branches, and farmers are busy picking, bagging, weighing and carrying fruits. Camellia oleifera is a unique woody oil tree species in China. Jiangxi province has 15 million mu of camellia oleifera forest, with an annual output of 170,000 tons of camellia oil, ranking second in planting area, output and output value.

Fu Haibo, Party Secretary of Cheshang Forest Farm in Yifeng County, Jiangxi Province:When I built this industry in 2019, my ideal at that time was to take it (Camellia oleifera planting) as an industry to get rid of poverty and as a model that can be promoted and replicated. So at present, it has basically achieved the expected purpose.

Local enterprises and farmers are encouraged to develop the production and management of Camellia oleifera, and various integrated development models such as "Camellia oleifera+tourism", "Camellia oleifera+catering" and "Camellia oleifera+culture" are vigorously promoted. Camellia oleifera industry has become a new engine to help farmers increase their income and revitalize rural areas in Jiangxi.

These days, in Xide County, Liangshan Prefecture, Sichuan Province, vineyards in the valley area have also begun to enter the picking period. The villagers are busy picking and packing late-maturing "autumn black" grapes.

Chen Dejun, Party branch secretary of Minshan Town Democratic Village, Xide County, Liangshan Prefecture, Sichuan Province:In the past, traditional farming (potatoes, etc.) earned about 500 yuan a year, but now we can earn about 30 thousand yuan a year (an acre) through the (grape) industry, which has been turned over many times.

Xide County, Liangshan Prefecture, Sichuan Province was once one of the concentrated contiguous deep poverty-stricken areas in China. In the past, the income from planting potato, corn, rape and other grain and oil crops was not high. In recent years, with the support of national policies, local crops have been adjusted, such as grapes and vegetables, and olive and Chinese herbal medicines have been planted in the valley areas. In 2021, the proportion of cash crop planting area will rise to 40%, and the agricultural output value will increase significantly.

Lu Yang, deputy magistrate of Xide County, Liangshan Prefecture, Sichuan Province:The fruit planting area in Xide County has reached 11,200 mu, the economic income has reached more than 40 million yuan, the vegetable planting area has reached 13,100 mu, and the total income has reached 132 million yuan. It plays a very important role in increasing farmers’ income, increasing agricultural efficiency and optimizing agricultural structure, especially laying a solid foundation for rural revitalization.

　　On the 19th, a performance conference was held in Hong Kong. In 2023, the company realized an operating income of 372.6 billion yuan (RMB, the same below), up 5% year-on-year, and the profit attributable to shareholders of the company reached 18.7 billion yuan, up 11.8% year-on-year.

　　Chen Zhongyue, Chairman of the Board of Directors, said that the company firmly fulfilled its two main responsibilities of being a network powerhouse and a digital China, focusing on two main businesses: networking communication and computing the network and being intelligent. With the increasingly perfect coverage of 5G network, the company’s investment focus has shifted from the stable networking communication business to the high-growth network computing and intelligence business. In 2023, the capital expenditure decreased year-on-year, and the network investment has already turned to an inflection point.

　　Give consideration to scale increaseValue enhancement, many businesses have developed well.

　　Chen Zhongyue said that in 2023, the strategic system will continue to deepen, and the current operation and long-term development will be actively coordinated, focusing on the two main businesses of networked communication and network computing and intelligence, so as to achieve effective improvement in quality and reasonable growth in quantity.

　　Performance data shows that,In addition to both business and profit growth, the return on net assets reached 5.4%, achieving the best level in recent years; The annual dividend was 0.3366 yuan per share, up 22.8% year-on-year, significantly higher than the basic earnings per share of 11.8%.

　　The revenue of networked communication business reached 244.6 billion yuan, including mobile networking, broadband networking, TV networking, private line networking, communication business and information business, and the revenue scale reached three quarters of the total revenue of the main business. The scale of networked communication users exceeded 1 billion, and the scale of mobile users reached 333 million, including a net increase of 10.6 million in 2023, and the penetration rate of 5G package users reached 78%, up 12% year-on-year.

　　The revenue from the network intelligence business is RMB 75.2 billion, including Unicom Cloud,, the integration of several disciplines, data services, digital intelligence applications and network security, the revenue scale accounts for about a quarter of the total revenue of the main business, and brings more than half of the new service revenue to the company. Unicom Cloud realized revenue of RMB 51 billion, up 41.6% year-on-year.

　　In accelerating the construction of digital information infrastructure, the coverage level of mobile networks has been continuously improved, with more than 1.21 million 5G IF base stations and 680,000 900M base stations. In response to the "double carbon" policy, in 2023, it will save about 39 billion yuan in operating expenses, reduce carbon emissions by about 11.5 million tons, and save about 340 billion yuan in capital expenditure.

　　Focusing on the main business, innovating and developing the industry is still in a good development period.

　　At the press conference, China Unicom made it clear for the first time that networking communication and computing network intelligence are the two main businesses of the company.

　　Chen Zhongyue said that taking these two items as the main business has fully considered the development reality of the company and the development trend of the industry. They are complementary and mutually conditional. Digital business is an important engine for the development of networked business, and networked business is an important foundation for the development of digital business. Both are basic businesses, and both need innovation and development.

　　Facing the wave of digitalization, intelligence and greening, China Unicom expressed its active embrace.To speed up the construction of new quality productive forces, we should start from three aspects: First, we should lay out strategic priorities, formulate an overall development plan, and systematically lay out intelligent computing services, research and development of large models, high-quality data sets, security and applications. The company has also set up an innovation center to gather high-level talents and strive to build artificial intelligence into an important engine for the company’s high-quality development.

　　The second is the key capacity building, which is mainly reflected in computing services and large models. In terms of providing specialized computing infrastructure services, a "1+N+X" computing capacity system has been laid out, including a single ultra-large-scale computing center, n computing hubs for training and reasoning, and x data-based computing and reasoning nodes.

　　The third is the key exploration of application, focusing on the big model of the industry. At present, phased results have been achieved in the internal scenes of online customer service, as well as industry-oriented government affairs, industry, clothing and other fields.

　　Speaking of capital expenditure, Chen Zhongyue said that in the first five years since entering the 5G construction cycle, the annual capital expenditure has continued to grow, but it has declined in 2023, reflecting that the network investment has turned to an inflection point. It is estimated that the capital expenditure in 2024 will be reduced by 12% on the basis of 73.9 billion yuan last year.

　　For the future development, Chen Zhongyue believes that the communication industry is still in a good development period, and China Unicom will help enterprises to step up through a series of strategies to strengthen enterprises, including strengthening enterprises through science and technology, talents, reform, intelligence and brand.

　　Agricultural brand is an important symbol of agricultural and rural modernization, and cultivating and developing agricultural brand is an important starting point for comprehensively promoting rural revitalization and accelerating the construction of an agricultural power. In 2022, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs issued the "Excellent Agricultural Brand Cultivation Plan (2022-2025)", which defined the objectives, tasks and measures for strengthening agricultural brands. In 2023, the No.1 Document of the Central Committee proposed to support poverty-stricken areas to build regional public brands. In this issue, invited experts will discuss issues related to brand strengthening agriculture.

　　Actively cultivate agricultural brands

　　What is the current development of agricultural brands in China?

　　Hu Glacier (Director and Researcher, Agricultural Products Trade and Policy Research Office, Institute of Rural Development, China Academy of Social Sciences): Agricultural brand building is an important measure to promote the high-quality development of agriculture. Cultivating and developing agricultural brands is conducive to improving the modernization level of the whole agricultural industry chain, guiding the gathering of high-quality resources, and promoting the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, which is an important way to increase farmers’ income and enhance agricultural competitiveness.

　　In recent years, the state has issued a series of policies and measures around building agricultural brands. In 2022, the No.1 Document of the Central Committee proposed to carry out the actions of improving agricultural varieties, improving quality, building brands and improving standardized production. In 2023, the No.1 Document of the Central Committee proposed to support poverty-stricken areas to build regional public brands. In April this year, the General Office of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs issued the "Implementation Plan for Supporting Poverty-stricken Areas to Build Regional Public Brands (2023-2025)", emphasizing the efforts to build regional public brands in poverty-stricken areas and promoting the effective connection between consolidating and expanding poverty-stricken achievements and rural revitalization.

　　All localities actively cultivate agricultural brands in light of their own reality. For example, Heilongjiang Province, as a major agricultural province, has made great efforts to build a provincial-level high-quality agricultural brand with "excellent black soil", build a "1141" agricultural brand system and build a life-cycle agricultural brand management mechanism. In order to strengthen the construction of agricultural brands and establish and improve the mechanism of cultivation, development and protection of agricultural brands, Hainan Province has promoted the establishment of an agricultural brand catalogue system.

　　Agricultural brands have achieved practical results in promoting the quality and efficiency of agricultural industries. According to estimates, compared with 2012, in 2022, the output of public brand agricultural products in China agricultural brand catalogue area increased by nearly 55%, and the sales increased by nearly 80%, driving the income of local farmers to increase by 65%. From the current development of agricultural brands in China, it has the following characteristics.

　　First, regional public brands, corporate brands and product brands have developed rapidly. According to the data of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, in recent years, agricultural and rural departments at all levels have further promoted brand strengthening agriculture and cultivated a number of influential agricultural brands. By the end of 2021, about 3,000 regional public brands, 5,100 enterprise brands and 6,500 product brands have been cultivated by provincial agricultural and rural departments. According to relevant reports, Wuchang Rice, as a regional public brand, has a brand value of 71.31 billion yuan in 2023.

　　Second, the cultivation of agricultural brand products and brand assistance have achieved results. The "Excellent Agricultural Brand Cultivation Plan (2022-2025)" proposes that by 2025, we will focus on grain and oil, fruits and vegetables, tea, animal husbandry, aquatic products and other categories, build a number of regional public brands of agricultural products with excellent quality, distinctive features, strong driving force, high reputation and consumer loyalty, and cultivate and promote a number of enterprise brands and high-quality features with excellent products, good reputation, obvious industrial driving effect and core competitiveness. In 2022, 75 brands including Wuchang Rice, Enshi Potato, Luochuan Apple, Wenchang Chicken and jinxiang garlic were included in the agricultural brand quality cultivation plan, and 69 brands were included this year. In terms of agricultural brand assistance in poverty-stricken areas, by the end of 2022, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs had taken the lead in helping 20 key counties, and the average premium of branded agricultural products in poverty-stricken areas exceeded 20%.

　　Third, the variety, quality and brand of agricultural products are integrated with each other. In the process of agricultural and rural economic development, the rapid growth of corporate brands has brought about market segmentation, which often reflects the quality differences in the early days. In recent years, with the continuous emergence of new crop varieties, the protection of intellectual property rights has gradually increased, and more and more new varieties are deeply bound to brands. For example, in 2022, many new corn varieties such as "Denghai 2035", "Denghai 2052" and "Denghai 2056" independently developed by Denghai Seed Industry passed the examination and approval, and "Denghai" became the brand prefix of crop varieties.

　　Fourth, the ability of brand marketing and promotion has been improved, and the speed of brand renewal has been greatly accelerated. With the help of the Internet, agricultural brands promote consumer reach and sales through digital marketing. With the help of well-known exhibitions and other platforms at home and abroad, the promotion efforts have been intensified, and various channels such as video and live broadcast have been used to enhance the communication power. High-quality agricultural products have been sought after more and more, and new agricultural brands have begun to emerge, including many emerging, innovative and differentiated agricultural brands. For example, Xuwen pineapple, fire crystal persimmon and other high-quality agricultural products quickly became popular. Cultivating agricultural brands needs to consider long-term value, which also requires building a comprehensive brand development strategy.

　　Fifth, the brand participation of consumers continues to increase. In the traditional sense, consumers’ contribution and participation to the brand depends on factors such as culture and habits. However, with the development of mobile Internet, more and more consumers’ feedback has been absorbed into the cultivation and development of agricultural brands. The relationship between agricultural brand cultivation and consumer feedback is getting closer and closer. Some consumers directly send the design drawings of product packaging and brand to manufacturers through short videos, and some consumers participate in brand promotion through media.

　　We should also see that at present, there are still many problems in China’s agricultural brands, such as excessive but not refined, large but not strong, and brand influence needs to be improved, which is also the focus of brand promotion in the future. With the improvement of the level of economic and social development, more and more excellent agricultural brands will come to the fore, constantly meeting the people’s growing needs for a better life.

　　Help improve agricultural quality and increase farmers’ income

　　What is the role of agricultural brands in promoting agricultural quality and efficiency and increasing farmers’ income?

　　Liu Naiyong (researcher, National Agricultural Market Research Center, China Agricultural University): In recent years, China’s agricultural brands have mushroomed, which not only allows consumers to enjoy more high-quality agricultural products, but also plays a significant role in promoting the high-quality development of agricultural industries and increasing farmers’ income.

　　First of all, agricultural brand building has promoted the development of agricultural industry standardization. Agricultural products have natural non-standardized characteristics, and coupled with a series of processes such as cleaning, sorting, packaging, warehousing and logistics, it is difficult for agricultural products to maintain stable quality and consumption experience. Cultivating and developing agricultural brands has enabled many new agricultural operators to embark on the road of standardized production, and through modern industry and digital technology, the whole process of agricultural products from field to table has been standardized. In the process of brand building, agricultural business entities promote the whole agricultural industry to form a more mature division of labor system, optimize the efficiency of industrial factor input allocation, and greatly improve the total factor productivity of agricultural industry. For example, wuchang city, Heilongjiang Province, following the development idea of "building a brand, bringing vitality to an industry and enriching farmers", built a regional public brand of Wuchang rice, comprehensively promoted the standardized production of Wuchang rice, standardized all the processes and procedures such as seed, planting, storage, processing, environment and traceability management, established and improved the whole process standard system from field to table, and promoted the high-quality development of Wuchang rice, with an output value of about 16 billion yuan in 2021. Zhashui County, Shaanxi Province actively builds a regional public brand of auricularia auricula, cultivates a number of auricularia auricula strains unique to Zhashui, promulgates local standards in Shaanxi Province, establishes a technical service system for enterprise demonstration planting and the whole process of auricularia auricula industry, implements the standard awareness rate and reaches 100%, and promotes the transformation of auricularia auricula from relying on traditional experience to modern standardized production, achieving annual cultivation of about 100 million bags of auricularia auricula and production of about 5,000 tons of dried auricula, effectively driving farmers to increase their income.

　　Secondly, agricultural brands communicate both ends of supply and demand, which promotes the adjustment and upgrading of agricultural industrial structure. By creating agricultural brands, the differentiated characteristics of agricultural products such as physical geography, production process, technology and product quality are passed on to consumers, and agricultural brands become a "bridge" for communication between producers and consumers. At the same time, in the process of cultivating and developing agricultural brands, changes in the consumer market are constantly fed back to agricultural business entities, promoting the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure. For example, Qingcaitou was originally a traditional planting variety in Fuling District, Chongqing, and pickled mustard tuber with it was a snack for people on both sides of the Yangtze River. With the fast pace of people’s life, the consumption demand of simple fast food, business trip and accompanying dishes is expanding rapidly. Grasping the opportunity of changing consumer demand, Fuling District has made great efforts to build a regional public brand of Fuling mustard tuber. While adhering to the traditional production techniques, it has continued to develop and promote excellent varieties with high yield and disease resistance and suitable for harvesting machines, keeping up with market development and demand, innovating product research and development, and building a brand matrix. Today, Fuling mustard tuber has become a pillar industry with an annual output value of more than 13 billion yuan. Traditional production techniques have been listed in the national intangible cultural heritage list. The products are sold all over the country and exported to Japan, Australia, the United States and other countries and regions.

　　Thirdly, the creation of agricultural brands has promoted the upgrading of industries with traditional characteristics and advantages, and helped rural revitalization and farmers’ income increase. At present, China’s consumer demand has changed from focusing on quantity growth to pursuing quality life, and the development of agricultural industry has also paid more attention to improving quality and efficiency. Developing agricultural brands can effectively promote the upgrading of industries with traditional characteristics and advantages, and help revitalize rural industries and enrich the people and strengthen agriculture. For example, xuwen county is the largest pineapple producing area in China, accounting for more than one third of the country’s pineapple planting area. With the increasing variety of fruits, xuwen county has built Xuwen pineapple regional public brand, promoted excellent varieties of pineapple, issued regional public brand logos, established pineapple buyers’ alliance, vigorously organized the docking of production and marketing, and promoted Xuwen pineapple sales growth. The industrial output value climbed from 980 million yuan in 2018 to about 2.5 billion yuan in 2022, which led to about 50,000 farmers. There are many industries with traditional advantages like Xuwen pineapple in China, and brand building is a powerful means and an effective path to promote its upgrading, help rural industries revitalize and realize enriching the people and strengthening agriculture.

　　"internet plus" promotes brand building

　　What are the practices of cultivating and developing agricultural brands in China in e-commerce marketing and digital empowerment?

　　Qi Yunlan (Research Fellow, Institute of Market Economy, the State Council Development Research Center): In recent years, all localities have attached great importance to the cultivation and development of agricultural brands, and used various marketing methods such as the Internet, e-commerce and new media to publicize agricultural brands, expand marketing channels of agricultural products, empower agricultural fields with digital technology, and enhance the level of agricultural modernization and promote the construction of agricultural brands through digitalization, networking and intelligence.

　　The first is to introduce an e-commerce platform to help build a high-quality agricultural brand. From a national perspective, many villages and towns based on the advantages of local resources, by introducing e-commerce platforms such as Tmall and JD.COM, cultivate e-commerce talents, open up channels for production and marketing, and improve the scale and standardization level of production and sales of advantageous agriculture, so that one village (or several villages) can own a brand product or brand industry with great market potential, obvious regional characteristics and high added value. Moreover, the scale of some village-level dominant brand agricultural products has gradually expanded to towns and even counties, forming dominant industrial clusters with brand influence, and the brand development effect and spillover effect are remarkable. Taking changge city as an example, e-commerce has become an important starting point to promote the innovation and development of brand agriculture. Twenty well-known e-commerce platforms, such as Alibaba International Station, Tmall, AliExpress and JD.COM, were introduced locally, and more than 20,000 online stores were opened. In 2022, e-commerce transactions reached 16.7 billion yuan.

　　The second is to strengthen the introduction and cultivation of e-commerce talents, widely use new media marketing methods such as live broadcast and short video, publicize and promote agricultural brands, and expand agricultural product marketing channels. From the practice of various places, great efforts have been made to strengthen the training and introduction of e-commerce talents and enrich product connotations and scenarios. Many local governments, together with industry associations, have organized training to explain the contents of "prospering agriculture through several businesses", live broadcasting with goods, brand building, etc., and trained a group of "new farmers" who have mastered the operation ability of new media to strengthen the promotion of agricultural brands. At the same time, build online celebrity products and expand the market influence of agricultural brands. In some places, in the construction of agricultural brands, through the cooperation of the government, enterprises, farmers and associations, the quality of agricultural products is improved and the brand connotation is enriched from the aspects of building a green production system and a quality and safety traceability system. With new e-commerce formats such as content e-commerce, interest e-commerce and social e-commerce as the carrier, we will build brand image through multiple platforms and channels, enrich marketing scenarios and promote the sales of agricultural products. According to data from the Ministry of Commerce, in the first half of 2023, the online retail sales of rural physical goods nationwide was 1.02 trillion yuan, up 11.3% year-on-year.

　　Third, relying on big data of agricultural products trading and using digital technology as a means to optimize the whole agricultural industry chain and accelerate the development of agricultural branding. In recent years, rural e-commerce is extremely active, and a large number of online real-time transaction data are gathered in the process of agricultural products e-commerce transactions. Agricultural product producers and operators in various places use the user data of e-commerce platform to understand consumer demand in multiple dimensions, and apply big data acquisition and analysis technology to dynamically match the supply chain management of agricultural products and fill the shortcomings of sales channels. At the same time, improve the traceability system of agricultural products, standardize and optimize the whole industrial chain and supply chain of agricultural products from production, packaging, transportation, storage to sales and after-sales, and increase the added value and brand premium of agricultural products. For example, in promoting "developing agriculture through several businesses", Shanghai connects the supply and demand sides through platforms such as Life, Pinduoduo, and Meituan to promote the sales of agricultural products, especially brand-name agricultural products, and better meet the living needs of urban residents. According to a survey, 42.6% of Shanghai residents are willing to pay a premium of 10% to 30% to choose branded agricultural products, and the online repurchase rate is 84.1%.

　　Fourth, give full play to the guiding role of the government. Relevant departments, in combination with the characteristics of regional agricultural resources, make clear the overall goal and development direction of regional agricultural products branding, and plan the integrated development of regional public brands and industrial clusters. In practice, all localities attach great importance to the construction of special agricultural products production and processing bases, logistics industrial parks, basic information networks and other facilities, providing a strong guarantee for large-scale production, sales and logistics. In particular, by uniting rural e-commerce enterprises, we will jointly build a warehouse-distribution logistics integration base and share warehouse-distribution manpower, material resources and site resources, thus significantly reducing the distribution cost of express delivery enterprises and the storage cost of rural e-commerce enterprises.

　　To sum up, under the background of "internet plus", China’s agricultural brand cultivation methods have been continuously innovated, and the level of standardization, digitalization and traceability has been significantly improved. E-commerce, live broadcast, short video and other new media marketing channels have been widely used in the field of agricultural product marketing, and an agricultural brand development model based on standardized production and quality certification has been initially formed, with digital empowerment, production and marketing docking and brand building as the means.

　　Focus on local products and create a golden business card for regional development

　　How can all localities give full play to their unique resource advantages, do a good job in "local products" and promote the development of agricultural brands?

　　Hu Xiaoyun (Director, China Agricultural Brand Research Center, China Rural Development Research Institute, Zhejiang University): Our country is rich in special agricultural products, which are unique in regional ecology, variety quality, technological characteristics, cultural connotation and product flavor. As an excellent local product, geographical indication agricultural products have become an important carrier to build agricultural brands.

　　Since the beginning of this century, all localities have given full play to their unique resource advantages, done a good job in "local products" articles, from theoretical research to policy support, and started with the creation of regional public brands of agricultural products, so as to brand distinctive agricultural products, enhance the resource value of local products, and achieve a win-win situation for all parties.

　　First, theoretical research helps the development of agricultural branding. The most distinctive resources in China’s agriculture are geographical indication agricultural products based on the ecological and cultural connotations of specific regions. The number of theoretical research results on the creation and management of special geographical indications and regional public brands is increasing. For example, the number of papers on China Knowledge Network with agricultural brands and regional public brands of agricultural products as keywords is increasing, and the theoretical support system for agricultural brand building is constantly being built. The theoretical research of relevant teams in colleges and universities has promoted the development of agricultural brands in China, especially the branding process of high-quality local products, and also promoted the introduction of relevant support policies.

　　The second is to strengthen the protection and management of agricultural products with geographical indications. Based on an international perspective, relevant departments actively promote the protection of origin, the registration of geographical indications trademarks and the registration of geographical indications of agricultural products, promote the development of agricultural products with geographical indications, and learn from the international experience of agricultural products brand development to promote the system design of agricultural brand development. More and more attention has been paid to the development of agricultural brands in various places, and a series of agricultural brand building with local characteristics has been carried out. In 2019, new special signs for geographical indications were released. The Notice of the General Office of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on Doing a Good Job in the Implementation of the Protection Project of Geographical Indications Agricultural Products in 2022 proposes to tap traditional farming culture and cultivate regional brands with geographical indication agricultural products as the core.

　　Third, steadily promote the branding of agricultural products with geographical indications. All localities have promoted geographical indication agricultural products to create a regional public brand of agricultural products with a single category (industry), and become the leading brand and platform brand of local agriculture, which has enhanced the brand value of local products. For example, Yanchi County in Ningxia strives to build a regional public brand around Tan Sheep, and professional institutions design brand strategies and spread brands for it. Yanchitan sheep (meat) has been selected as a national geographical indication protection product, China Agricultural Brand Catalogue 2019 regional public brand of agricultural products, etc. In 2022, the total industrial chain output value of Tan sheep in Yanchi County reached 6.45 billion yuan, and the income from Tan sheep breeding accounted for more than 50% of the per capita disposable income of local farmers. At present, the regional public brands of agricultural products based on geographical indications have more and more market influence, and have formed a brand cluster effect.

　　The fourth is to explore the creation of regional public brands of multi-category agricultural products. Based on the actual situation of mountainous areas in China, such as many agricultural categories, small scale, scattered planting blocks, unique varieties and techniques, relatively poor regional economy and weak regional influence, all localities explore and promote the construction of agricultural brands, create regional public brands of multi-category agricultural products, and force product standardization through branding to improve product quality. Relying on the unique mountain ecological environment, Lishui City, Zhejiang Province has built a regional public brand "Lishui Shangeng" (registered as a collective trademark) of multi-category agricultural products, gathered regional agricultural resources, let "mountain products" go out of the "mountain gate" and enhance the brand value of ecological fine agricultural products. It has formed many industries such as fungi, tea, fruits, vegetables and medicines, and the annual sales of "Lishui Shangeng" agricultural products exceeded 10 billion yuan. Chongqing’s "Ba Wei Yu Zhen", Gansu’s "Gan Wei", Inner Mongolia’s "Tian Fu Hetao", Shandong’s "Jining Li Yi" and Zhejiang’s "Sanqu Wei" and other multi-category regional public brands of agricultural products also rely on the historical and cultural characteristics of various places to strengthen the cultural, narrative, unique and intangible value premium functions of the brands, highlighting the cultural value of local high-quality local specialties.

　　At present, relying on rural regional ecology and high-quality local products to build agricultural brands, local characteristics and cultural values are highlighted, making local local products a golden business card for regional development and effectively promoting local economic development.

    Renovation of new houses, renovation of old houses, and 1000 homes will have 1000 kinds of network needs. From multi-screen to 4K, 8K video entertainment experience, to telecommuting, online learning interaction, to whole house intelligence, etc., the intelligentization of family life has also ushered in an "acceleration period".

    As the most "trendy" optical fiber broadband access mode, China Telecom Jiangsu Company’s all-optical broadband has broken the bottleneck of "broadband has an upper limit" in traditional home networking, completely broke through the network bottleneck of the last ten meters indoors, and truly achieved "fiber to the room", making the network unimpeded and enjoying "freedom of network speed"!

    The optical fiber is fully connected and wired in advance, which is both practical and beautiful.

    A good choice of broadband can not only improve work efficiency, but also enjoy watching dramas, playing games and enjoying the intelligence of the whole house. Jiangsu Telecom FTTR all-optical broadband supports 2000M, which can break through to carry 10 gigabit with the increase of network speed.

    At present, optical fiber layout can be divided into two ways: one is that the optical fiber can be laid into the room in advance when it is not decorated; One is to reuse the invisible optical fiber after renovation, or to pull out the network cable and re-deploy the optical fiber to the room.

    For the new house decoration, Jiangsu Telecom’s all-optical broadband can be used as a part of the decoration hardware, and the optical fiber is laid in advance, which is "perfect stealth" to adapt to various decoration styles.

    "At first, I was worried that’ fiber-to-the-room’ would make the room full of messy internet cables, and the new house was going to be luxurious. I couldn’t accept such a messy aesthetics." When Ms. Liu just renovated her house, she contacted Jiangsu Telecom staff to install all-optical broadband. "I didn’t expect that Jiangsu Telecom’s FTTR all-optical broadband was so intimate, taking into account practicality and aesthetics, and it could look neat and beautiful after installation!"

    Jiangsu Telecom’s all-optical broadband is based on all-fiber distributed architecture, which makes Wi-Fi distributed within a reasonable range, avoids wall attenuation, and makes every room full of Gigabit signals.

    Gigabit full coverage, seamless switching of old house renovation network

    The balcony and bathroom signals are sometimes absent; To make a video call, you have to find a place with a good signal; Children listen to an online class at home, but because the network in the study is slow, the class experience is greatly reduced; WiFi in and out of the room is disconnected, and the delay of automatic network connection is accelerated manually … With the increasing demand of home network, the "old house" will also usher in a "new transformation"!

    In the renovation of the old house, Jiangsu Telecom’s all-optical broadband can realize the whole house optical fiber wiring, and the ultra-Gigabit Wi-Fi can cover every room. It adopts the 1-N mode and plays a set of "bandwidth+network cable+router+networking" combination boxing, and uses all-optical networking intelligent terminals+invisible network cables to lay out the whole house, so that the signals everywhere are full.

    "In addition to the better network speed, the biggest improvement is that the home appliances I bought before can finally be stably controlled! Previously, due to the poor network, smart speakers often did not respond to voice control. Now, air conditioners and heating can be awakened by voice across the room, and the life happiness index will be improved! " Mr. Li’s family, who lives in Jiangsu, is full of praise for the newly installed all-optical bandwidth.

    It is reported that each sub-route of Jiangsu Telecom FTTR all-optical broadband can provide gigabit rate connection, and at the same time, it has three highlights: high bandwidth, high penetration and high speed, and supports up to 256 devices to be networked at the same time, so that the whole family can enjoy the new intelligent experience of the whole house!

    Gigabit full coverage has been achieved, and the broadband maintenance of Jiangsu Telecom is also "intimate, warm and assured"! All-optical broadband intelligently manages the whole family FTTR all-optical network through the intelligent operation and maintenance platform. Even if there is a network problem, it can remotely locate the problem and repair it with one button, which is absolutely an indispensable "maintenance coup" for office workers!

    Install all-optical broadband of Jiangsu Telecom, and all network troubles will be solved! In the future, Jiangsu Telecom will continue to accelerate the construction of smart home ecology and use technology to create a new experience of a better life for users! (Jiang Xuan)