Since the media era, it seems that everyone has a microphone and everyone can be a reporter. In this torrent from the media, we are not only faced with all kinds of information, all kinds of opinions and all kinds of analysis, but also rumors, attacks, abuse and all kinds of mixed information. In order to attract traffic, attract people’s attention and pursue 100,000+,some media practitioners use various means: some fabricate content, some use scary headlines, some copy other people’s original articles, and some even publish vulgar and pornographic content.

　　On May 11th this year, a WeChat WeChat official account published an article titled "Thanks to you, the driver who killed the stewardess is lying at home counting money". The article ignored the dignity of the deceased and the feelings of his family, and fabricated the details of the stewardess’s murder by novel, with exaggerated wording and even unbearable erotic imagination. It was criticized by netizens for marketing the tragedy, rubbing hot spots and eating too ugly, which angered the public. Under the pressure of netizens, this WeChat WeChat official account posted an apology letter that night. Because the publication of vulgar content caused public discomfort, the public number was permanently banned.

　　Media chaos: vulgar pornography

　　In order to create excitement, attract attention and increase traffic, some even publish pornographic and vulgar content from the media. On WeChat, a WeChat official account clicked in, which was full of titles such as "Hot Dance, Too Excited", "Uniform Temptation" and "Private Photo of Sexy Beauty". Clicking in the video of all kinds of beautiful women wearing naked and posing was unsightly; On Weibo, an account posted a series of pictures of naked men. Also on Sina Weibo, an account actually posted vulgar pictures involving teenagers.

　　Self-media chaos II: Title Party

　　In the self-media, in addition to vulgar and pornographic content, it is common to catch people’s eyes by headlines. In order to let users click and forward, the most frightening topics are often used, such as "frightening urine" and "amazing insider", which can often be seen in the circle of friends: "If it is Chinese, please transfer it to me, whether it is true or not." Get a high amount of forwarding and reading by means of moral kidnapping. There is also a kind of self-media that often uses the banner of life tips, tips and health care, and then adds "must see" and "immediately transfer to family" in the title. This kind of information is often easier to be read and forwarded in large quantities.

　　Since the media chaos 3: rumors

　　On October 10th, a warning notice signed by "Beijing Public Security Bureau" spread rapidly on the Internet. The notice said: A 2-ton elephant was lost in Haidian Zoo in Beijing, and a notice for finding the elephant has been sent to all districts, counties and towns in the city. He also pointed out: "Asian elephants are national first-class protected animals. They are thick-skinned, meaty, unpalatable and intolerant. I hope that the people involved will wake up in time, stop from the brink and surrender to the relevant departments to report the case and strive for leniency." The inscription reads "Beijing Public Security Bureau". Soon, Weibo, the Beijing Zoo, denied the rumor and confirmed that the news was false. Subsequently, Weibo, the official of Beijing Public Security Bureau, released a message: The zoo counted the elephants and they were all there. According to the investigation, the rumour maker forged the warning notice, which led to the massive spread of the false information on the Internet. The police imposed a three-day administrative detention on him according to law. Let’s take a look at this again: "Goodbye, paper train tickets, official notice from the General Administration of Railways." This kind of information is false at first glance, but it is often forwarded by a large number of netizens who don’t know the truth because the news is incredible.

　　The fourth chaos from the media: black public relations

　　On April 26th, Weibo, the official of a dairy company, published an article, which disclosed its performance in detail. On May 2nd, the news that was re-edited and made appeared on some big V Weibo. The big V’s, who have always released their personalities and led by their thoughts, are surprisingly consistent this time. Once this Weibo was issued, it caused a lot of doubts. Netizens questioned these big V’s "exactly how much money they collected, and they all agreed to stand for a dairy company". Some netizens directly condemned these big V’s "earning money without a bottom line". Afterwards, some big V deleted this Weibo, and some big V declared that they had refunded and apologized in Weibo. Some self-media, including these big V’s with certain social attention, use their popularity and influence on the Internet to publish public relations manuscripts of some enterprises for free. Some are even hired to publish articles attacking and discrediting specific enterprises from the media, which are collectively referred to as black public relations.

　　According to statistics, there are currently 800 million netizens on the mobile Internet, and the number of WeChat WeChat official account has exceeded 39 million. Many industrialized tubas have tens of thousands of fans, and many hot articles have read more than 100,000+. With the rapid development of the media, many chaos has surfaced. What are the reasons for these chaos?

　　At present, the self-media realization mode mainly relies on advertisements, fans’ rewards and knowledge payment, and obtaining these depends on high traffic, and high attention has become a bargaining chip. When traffic is reduced to business, various means to increase traffic and create chaos appear. Some self-media practitioners regard the amount of fans, reading and 100,000+as their pursuit goals, and some people take advantage of the situation to start a business of brushing reading.

　　The fifth chaos in the media: spending money to buy reading

　　On Taobao, the reporter saw that there are still many businesses that help brush the reading volume. For example, every single 1 yuan dollar has a turnover of nearly 80,000.

　　At present, a WeChat WeChat official account has millions of fans, which has good attention and influence. Its founder, Mr. Feng Guozhen, is very helpless about some hidden rules in the media industry.

　　Feng Guozhen said: "It imitates a lot of WeChat running at the same time through a computer simulator. These WeChat are all controlled by its instructions, that is, many merchants selling reading have many mobile phones running and visiting in clusters at the same time. This is equivalent to reading fake fans."

　　If you want to read beautifully, you can spend money on it. As long as you are willing to spend money, 100,000+explosive articles can be easily done. Also delete articles, but also real money.

　　A self-proclaimed "civil aviation tabloid" WeChat official account editor offered a price of "one yuan for a reading". This WeChat official account publishes some inside information about airlines, which may have a negative impact on some involved companies, and it will cost money to delete the posts.

　　In addition to spending money on reading and deleting posts, plagiarism and forgery of originality have also become a very common means of self-media publishing.

　　The sixth chaos from the media: pseudo original

　　Feng Guozhen told reporters: "The most exasperating thing is that many articles we have worked so hard to write have been originally protected, but as you know, there are some marketing numbers, which take these contents that you have a particularly high click volume and then change them later, just after the original approval percentage, so it is not plagiarism."

　　For some time, the competition in the media market has become increasingly fierce, and all major platforms have encouraged original articles and established an original protection mechanism, so that original content can be recommended first. Since media authors can take the lead and pursue originality for their own content, they are also racking their brains. "Washing the manuscript" is pseudo original’s crash method.

　　"Washing the manuscript" is to take other people’s original articles, make a makeover, and package them into their own articles without being discovered by others, pretending to be original. This WeChat WeChat official account seems to be marketing insurance. On July 25th this year, this trumpet published a short article about "manuscript washing": "Press pseudo original, do manuscript washing seriously, and generate 100,000 explosive articles in one second". After the reporter opened Baidu and searched pseudo original, many websites appeared on the screen. The reporter opened the number one website, copied a high school Chinese text in the input box of the website, and clicked "Generate pseudo original" on the screen. Within one second, the "manuscript washing" was automatically completed by the website. This is an article by the famous writer Liang Heng. Comparing the original text with "pseudo original", we can find that 14 of the short paragraphs of more than 120 words have been replaced by words with similar meanings. In this way, plagiarism is more hidden, the original author is more difficult to find, and the auditing mechanism of some platforms can be bypassed.

　　From the media, some original articles will be copied, but it is not easy to defend rights.

　　Wang Sixin, a professor at China Communication University, said: "A large number of self-media infringements occur between individuals. If an individual wants to defend his rights, he usually faces the high cost of defending rights, and the evidence of defending rights is difficult to obtain evidence, so many infringers use the platform of self-media to arbitrarily infringe."

　　The rich and varied information gives the audience more choices, but the mixed and confusing information is also polluting our cyberspace, and the media is not a place of extra-legality.

　　Su Renxian, deputy director of the Mobile Network Administration Bureau of the Central Network Information Office, said: "In the next step, the Central Network Information Office will coordinate relevant departments and further intensify its work. First, innovate management ideas, explore new methods, manage new formats and solve new problems. Implement classified management, territorial management and whole process management for self-media; The second is to carry out special rectification activities from the media, severely punish illegal and illegal accounts according to laws and regulations, resolutely curb the chaos from the media, resolutely safeguard the normal communication order of the network, and strive to create a clean, positive, healthy and orderly cyberspace. "

　　Media has become a huge industry, but the rules of practice are not mature. Some practitioners lack self-discipline, some platforms lack social responsibility, and some regulatory measures have not yet been put in place. Some media have lost their basic bottom line in order to win the favor of the market. Although the threshold of information release has been lowered since the media era, this does not mean that you can do whatever you want without rules. The internet is not a place of extra-legality. It is not for anyone to edit it if they want, copy it if they want, and spray it if they want. From the media, we should also respect facts, spread rationally, strictly abide by the bottom line of law and morality, and on this basis, work together to "create a clean and honest cyberspace."

　　On the morning of June 30th, the centralized launching activities of the third batch of newly started projects in Shenzhen in 2023 were held in Longhua District. There are 294 new projects started in this centralized way, with a total investment of about 314.43 billion yuan, and the planned investment in 2023 is about 47.05 billion yuan. Mayor Qin Weizhong attended the event and announced the start of the project.

　　It is reported that among the 294 centralized construction projects, there are 210 government-invested projects with a total investment of about 88.44 billion yuan and an annual planned investment of about 14.15 billion yuan, accounting for 30.1% of the annual planned investment of all projects. There are 84 social investment projects, with a total investment of about 225.99 billion yuan and an annual planned investment of about 32.90 billion yuan, accounting for 69.9% of the annual planned investment of all projects.

　　In terms of fields, there are 34 new projects in the industrial field, with a total investment of about 92.53 billion yuan and an annual planned investment of about 13.94 billion yuan. It mainly includes Huizhou 26-6 Oilfield Development Project, Luozu Area "Industrial Upstairs" Project, BYD Energy Storage Industrial Park Project, etc.

　　There are 91 infrastructure projects with a total investment of about 36.43 billion yuan and an annual planned investment of about 6.40 billion yuan. It mainly includes the interception and drainage project of Shawan River Shenzhen Reservoir, the reconstruction project of Caimei Interchange, and the construction project of Huancang South Road (west section).

　　There are 133 projects in the field of people’s livelihood with a total investment of about 55.17 billion yuan and an annual planned investment of about 8.62 billion yuan. It mainly includes the reconstruction and expansion project of Luohu Chinese Medicine Hospital, south university of science and technology of china Affiliated Hospital (headquarters) and Ocean University (Phase I).

　　There are 36 other projects with a total investment of about 130.30 billion yuan and an annual planned investment of about 18.09 billion yuan.

　　It is worth noting that there are 18 new projects with a total investment of more than 5 billion yuan, with a total investment of about 183.31 billion yuan and an annual planned investment of about 16.39 billion yuan. There are 7 projects with a total investment of 3 billion to 5 billion yuan, with a total investment of about 24.91 billion yuan and an annual planned investment of about 5.34 billion yuan. There are 33 projects with a total investment of 1 billion to 3 billion yuan, with a total investment of about 64.62 billion yuan and an annual planned investment of about 12.81 billion yuan.

294 projects, including Ocean University (Phase I), will be started intensively, and there will be a "new" school hospital shopping mall at the doorstep.

　　On the morning of June 30th, the third batch of newly started projects in Shenzhen in 2023 was held. The reporter learned from the scene that there were 294 new projects started in this concentration. Among them, there are 34 industrial projects, mainly concentrated in advanced manufacturing, and the pace of building a modern industrial system has accelerated. There will also be schools, hospitals and shopping malls in front of citizens’ homes, and a number of traffic improvement projects and tourism development projects will be started, which will further improve the quality of urban life.

　　Highlight the manufacturing industry and increase the number of "Shenzhen Zhizao"

　　Giving prominence to the manufacturing industry as the master, Shenzhen will promote the development of strategic emerging industries with advanced manufacturing as the mainstay and enhance the competitiveness of the modern industrial system. In this batch of newly started projects, there are 34 industrial projects, including the new generation mobile terminal intelligent manufacturing base project, BYD energy storage industrial park project, and the comprehensive development project of "20+8" advanced manufacturing park for intelligent sensors and precision instruments in the Bay Area (Phase II).

　　The main venue of the centralized start-up activity is located at the project site of the new generation mobile terminal intelligent manufacturing base, which is dedicated to building a leading domestic high-end intelligent manufacturing demonstration park integrating research, production and marketing, and promoting the industrial development of Shenzhen in the new generation of intelligent terminals; The project of Shenzhen Energy-Siemens Energy Cooperation Industrial Park will be built into a source of energy industry innovation, a technical test site for advanced industries, a model room for future zero-carbon parks, and strive to be a national demonstration benchmark for energy industry; The R&D and production base project of peripheral products of intelligent terminals will gather the upstream and downstream industrial chains of intelligent terminal equipment products.

　　Shenzhen promotes the construction of major scientific and technological infrastructure. The Shenzhen Zhongneng high repetition rate X-ray free electron laser project, which started construction this time, will promote original scientific research in the fields of information, life, materials and energy, and is of great significance for promoting the innovative development of strategic emerging industries in Shenzhen and the localization of key instruments and equipment. The construction of the National Technical Standards Innovation Base (Shenzhen) project will build a world-class public service platform for standards innovation.

　　133 livelihood projects continue to improve the quality of life.

　　Among the newly started projects, there are 133 projects in the field of people’s livelihood.

　　In terms of school construction, the Qianwan 10-unit nine-year compulsory school project and the Mawan 19-unit nine-year compulsory school project located in Qianhai Cooperation Zone can provide 3,360 and 2,520 degrees respectively after completion; Shenzhen High School, a high school affiliated to the National People’s Congress in Dapeng New District, will be expanded to provide 900 degrees. Baoan middle school (Group) Junior Middle School will be rebuilt and expanded, and 400 new degrees will be added. The commencement of the Ocean University (Phase I) project will gather global high-end marine talents and scientific and technological resources, and provide strong talent guarantee and scientific and technological support for Shenzhen to accelerate the construction of a global ocean centre city with international attraction, competitiveness and influence.

　　In terms of hospital construction, the Baoan Hospital project of the Municipal People’s Hospital can provide 3,000 beds after completion to build a medical center in northern Shenzhen; South university of science and technology of china Affiliated Hospital (Headquarters) project, with 800 beds planned, will make up for south university of science and technology of china’s shortcomings in the development and layout of medical disciplines and further enhance the comprehensive strength level of Shenzhen research hospitals; After the reconstruction and expansion of Luohu Chinese Medicine Hospital, the number of beds will increase to 700, improving the medical environment for patients.

　　In addition, the renovation and upgrading project of Dongmen Commercial Pedestrian Street, China Resources (Pingshan) Vientiane City Project and xiaomeisha Coastal Ocean Tourism Development Project will start, which will provide new choices for citizens’ consumption and leisure; The Guiwan section project of Qianhai Stone Park will build a cultural node of Shenzhen-Hong Kong cooperation and a world-class living room in the Bay Area; Shenzhen-Shantou Hub Project, Caimei Interchange Reconstruction Project, Longda Expressway Municipal Reconstruction Project (Phase I)-Guangqiao Interchange started two ramp projects, which further opened traffic bottlenecks and improved the quality of traffic.

　　Strive to start big projects every month in the second half of the year.

　　Shenzhen insists on driving effective investment with major projects, and strives to form a good pattern of planning a batch, reserving a batch, building a batch and reaching production, so as to gain momentum for high-quality development. Prior to this, two batches of centralized construction activities have been held in Shenzhen this year, with a total of 529 new projects, with a total investment of 678.7 billion yuan and an annual planned investment of 104.4 billion yuan. The construction of these projects has effectively promoted the speed and quality improvement of fixed assets investment in the city. From January to May, the investment in fixed assets in Shenzhen increased by 12.4%, and the investment operation showed a good trend of speeding up, improving quality and efficiency.

　　Guo Ziping, director of the Municipal Development and Reform Commission, said that the next step will focus on two aspects: First, comprehensively coordinate and dispatch the projects that have already started, especially the newly started projects this year, and give full play to the "1+10+20" scheduling mechanism, focusing on Line 15 of the fifth phase of the track, Pingyan Railway, Tencent Music Headquarters, BYD Global R&D Center and Energy Storage Industrial Park, and the Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen) Medical College to follow the progress. Second, we will comprehensively promote the early projects to accelerate the construction, speed up the Free Electron Laser, Shenzhen Academy of Medical Sciences and Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Campus, other tracks in the fifth phase of the track, Xili High-speed Railway Hub, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Power Transmission Project in Southeast Tibet, and strive to start major strategic projects every month in the second half of the year, rolling and accelerating the construction, and continuously consolidating the investment growth potential.

　　On the 19th, a performance conference was held in Hong Kong. In 2023, the company realized an operating income of 372.6 billion yuan (RMB, the same below), up 5% year-on-year, and the profit attributable to shareholders of the company reached 18.7 billion yuan, up 11.8% year-on-year.

　　Chen Zhongyue, Chairman of the Board of Directors, said that the company firmly fulfilled its two main responsibilities of being a network powerhouse and a digital China, focusing on two main businesses: networking communication and computing the network and being intelligent. With the increasingly perfect coverage of 5G network, the company’s investment focus has shifted from the stable networking communication business to the high-growth network computing and intelligence business. In 2023, the capital expenditure decreased year-on-year, and the network investment has already turned to an inflection point.

　　Give consideration to scale increaseValue enhancement, many businesses have developed well.

　　Chen Zhongyue said that in 2023, the strategic system will continue to deepen, and the current operation and long-term development will be actively coordinated, focusing on the two main businesses of networked communication and network computing and intelligence, so as to achieve effective improvement in quality and reasonable growth in quantity.

　　Performance data shows that,In addition to both business and profit growth, the return on net assets reached 5.4%, achieving the best level in recent years; The annual dividend was 0.3366 yuan per share, up 22.8% year-on-year, significantly higher than the basic earnings per share of 11.8%.

　　The revenue of networked communication business reached 244.6 billion yuan, including mobile networking, broadband networking, TV networking, private line networking, communication business and information business, and the revenue scale reached three quarters of the total revenue of the main business. The scale of networked communication users exceeded 1 billion, and the scale of mobile users reached 333 million, including a net increase of 10.6 million in 2023, and the penetration rate of 5G package users reached 78%, up 12% year-on-year.

　　The revenue from the network intelligence business is RMB 75.2 billion, including Unicom Cloud,, the integration of several disciplines, data services, digital intelligence applications and network security, the revenue scale accounts for about a quarter of the total revenue of the main business, and brings more than half of the new service revenue to the company. Unicom Cloud realized revenue of RMB 51 billion, up 41.6% year-on-year.

　　In accelerating the construction of digital information infrastructure, the coverage level of mobile networks has been continuously improved, with more than 1.21 million 5G IF base stations and 680,000 900M base stations. In response to the "double carbon" policy, in 2023, it will save about 39 billion yuan in operating expenses, reduce carbon emissions by about 11.5 million tons, and save about 340 billion yuan in capital expenditure.

　　Focusing on the main business, innovating and developing the industry is still in a good development period.

　　At the press conference, China Unicom made it clear for the first time that networking communication and computing network intelligence are the two main businesses of the company.

　　Chen Zhongyue said that taking these two items as the main business has fully considered the development reality of the company and the development trend of the industry. They are complementary and mutually conditional. Digital business is an important engine for the development of networked business, and networked business is an important foundation for the development of digital business. Both are basic businesses, and both need innovation and development.

　　Facing the wave of digitalization, intelligence and greening, China Unicom expressed its active embrace.To speed up the construction of new quality productive forces, we should start from three aspects: First, we should lay out strategic priorities, formulate an overall development plan, and systematically lay out intelligent computing services, research and development of large models, high-quality data sets, security and applications. The company has also set up an innovation center to gather high-level talents and strive to build artificial intelligence into an important engine for the company’s high-quality development.

　　The second is the key capacity building, which is mainly reflected in computing services and large models. In terms of providing specialized computing infrastructure services, a "1+N+X" computing capacity system has been laid out, including a single ultra-large-scale computing center, n computing hubs for training and reasoning, and x data-based computing and reasoning nodes.

　　The third is the key exploration of application, focusing on the big model of the industry. At present, phased results have been achieved in the internal scenes of online customer service, as well as industry-oriented government affairs, industry, clothing and other fields.

　　Speaking of capital expenditure, Chen Zhongyue said that in the first five years since entering the 5G construction cycle, the annual capital expenditure has continued to grow, but it has declined in 2023, reflecting that the network investment has turned to an inflection point. It is estimated that the capital expenditure in 2024 will be reduced by 12% on the basis of 73.9 billion yuan last year.

　　For the future development, Chen Zhongyue believes that the communication industry is still in a good development period, and China Unicom will help enterprises to step up through a series of strategies to strengthen enterprises, including strengthening enterprises through science and technology, talents, reform, intelligence and brand.

Wang Chuanfu, chairman and president of BYD, announced at BYD’s intelligent strategy conference on the evening of February 10 that the high-level intelligent driving system "Eye of God" was officially released and divided into three versions. Among them, the three-laser version (DiPilot 600) is mainly used for looking up models, the laser version (DiPilot 300) is mainly used for Tengshi and BYD models, and the three-eye version (DiPilot 100) is mainly used for BYD models. (Securities Times)

　　　　　　 CCTV News:The 10th Beijing Xiangshan Forum will be held in Beijing International Convention Center tomorrow (October 29th). Up to now, official delegations from more than 90 countries and international organizations, including Russia, the United States, Singapore, Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia, have confirmed their participation. Beijing Xiangshan Forum adheres to the concept of "equality, openness, tolerance and mutual learning" and is committed to gathering wisdom, expanding consensus and enhancing mutual trust. It has developed into an important platform for international security and defense dialogue and has important international influence.

Beijing Xiangshan Forum was held in 2006, and it has been 17 years since then. Our reporter interviewed military experts who participated in every forum in the past and will soon participate in the tenth forum. So, what was their initial impression of the forum? What are the most profound changes that I have felt over the years?

Jiang Xinfeng, Academy of Military Sciences:The first Xiangshan Forum was entirely for scholars, probably a round-table meeting of scholars from 21 countries. At that time, it was entirely an academic dialogue meeting. Later, it was upgraded from Track 2 to Track 1.5, which is a semi-official and semi-scholar discussion platform for security issues with the participation of scholars.

From the round-table meetings attended by dozens of scholars to the official delegations of more than 90 countries and international organizations this year, among them, 22 representatives at or above the ministerial level of national defense, 14 representatives at the general level of the armed forces, and more than 200 experts from more than 50 countries (regions) signed up for the meeting. Experts attending the meeting felt that the scale of Beijing Xiangshan Forum is getting bigger and bigger, the specifications are constantly improving, and the topics are getting wider and wider.

Li Shuyin, Academy of Military Sciences:At first, the discussion was only focused on the security issues in the Asia-Pacific region, but now it has been extended to the whole global security issues, not only traditional but also non-traditional. For example, this year’s design focuses on the European security architecture, the Northeast Asian security architecture and the Asia-Pacific security architecture centered on the ASEAN region, as well as nuclear security, maritime risk management and technical security issues.

Beijing Xiangshan Forum is not only a platform for international security discussions, but also a platform for cultural exchanges.

Li Shuyin, Academy of Military Sciences:For example, when we go out to attend an academic delegation and visit abroad, we will meet these old friends inadvertently. They can clearly remember their participation in Xiangshan Forum, including who was the host of their speech, including what hotel they stayed in, what delicious food they ate during this period, what delicious food they ate in China and what memorable gifts they bought, which may also be a witness to the expansion of China culture.

Li Shuyin said that the rising influence and attraction of Beijing Xiangshan Forum is behind the rising status of China.

Li Shuyin, Academy of Military Sciences:China’s status and role as a great power, and China’s role in international and regional security are constantly improving.

    Renovation of new houses, renovation of old houses, and 1000 homes will have 1000 kinds of network needs. From multi-screen to 4K, 8K video entertainment experience, to telecommuting, online learning interaction, to whole house intelligence, etc., the intelligentization of family life has also ushered in an "acceleration period".

    As the most "trendy" optical fiber broadband access mode, China Telecom Jiangsu Company’s all-optical broadband has broken the bottleneck of "broadband has an upper limit" in traditional home networking, completely broke through the network bottleneck of the last ten meters indoors, and truly achieved "fiber to the room", making the network unimpeded and enjoying "freedom of network speed"!

    The optical fiber is fully connected and wired in advance, which is both practical and beautiful.

    A good choice of broadband can not only improve work efficiency, but also enjoy watching dramas, playing games and enjoying the intelligence of the whole house. Jiangsu Telecom FTTR all-optical broadband supports 2000M, which can break through to carry 10 gigabit with the increase of network speed.

    At present, optical fiber layout can be divided into two ways: one is that the optical fiber can be laid into the room in advance when it is not decorated; One is to reuse the invisible optical fiber after renovation, or to pull out the network cable and re-deploy the optical fiber to the room.

    For the new house decoration, Jiangsu Telecom’s all-optical broadband can be used as a part of the decoration hardware, and the optical fiber is laid in advance, which is "perfect stealth" to adapt to various decoration styles.

    "At first, I was worried that’ fiber-to-the-room’ would make the room full of messy internet cables, and the new house was going to be luxurious. I couldn’t accept such a messy aesthetics." When Ms. Liu just renovated her house, she contacted Jiangsu Telecom staff to install all-optical broadband. "I didn’t expect that Jiangsu Telecom’s FTTR all-optical broadband was so intimate, taking into account practicality and aesthetics, and it could look neat and beautiful after installation!"

    Jiangsu Telecom’s all-optical broadband is based on all-fiber distributed architecture, which makes Wi-Fi distributed within a reasonable range, avoids wall attenuation, and makes every room full of Gigabit signals.

    Gigabit full coverage, seamless switching of old house renovation network

    The balcony and bathroom signals are sometimes absent; To make a video call, you have to find a place with a good signal; Children listen to an online class at home, but because the network in the study is slow, the class experience is greatly reduced; WiFi in and out of the room is disconnected, and the delay of automatic network connection is accelerated manually … With the increasing demand of home network, the "old house" will also usher in a "new transformation"!

    In the renovation of the old house, Jiangsu Telecom’s all-optical broadband can realize the whole house optical fiber wiring, and the ultra-Gigabit Wi-Fi can cover every room. It adopts the 1-N mode and plays a set of "bandwidth+network cable+router+networking" combination boxing, and uses all-optical networking intelligent terminals+invisible network cables to lay out the whole house, so that the signals everywhere are full.

    "In addition to the better network speed, the biggest improvement is that the home appliances I bought before can finally be stably controlled! Previously, due to the poor network, smart speakers often did not respond to voice control. Now, air conditioners and heating can be awakened by voice across the room, and the life happiness index will be improved! " Mr. Li’s family, who lives in Jiangsu, is full of praise for the newly installed all-optical bandwidth.

    It is reported that each sub-route of Jiangsu Telecom FTTR all-optical broadband can provide gigabit rate connection, and at the same time, it has three highlights: high bandwidth, high penetration and high speed, and supports up to 256 devices to be networked at the same time, so that the whole family can enjoy the new intelligent experience of the whole house!

    Gigabit full coverage has been achieved, and the broadband maintenance of Jiangsu Telecom is also "intimate, warm and assured"! All-optical broadband intelligently manages the whole family FTTR all-optical network through the intelligent operation and maintenance platform. Even if there is a network problem, it can remotely locate the problem and repair it with one button, which is absolutely an indispensable "maintenance coup" for office workers!

    Install all-optical broadband of Jiangsu Telecom, and all network troubles will be solved! In the future, Jiangsu Telecom will continue to accelerate the construction of smart home ecology and use technology to create a new experience of a better life for users! (Jiang Xuan)

1905 movie network news Recently, the phenomenal film of the Spring Festival released a poster of "Shen Gongbao parallel world family portrait", and the leopard family spent the Spring Festival in the parallel world. The fate of Shen Gongbao’s family trying to change their destiny, but living in the shadow of power, has made many audiences empathize with tears.Up to now, the box office of the film has exceeded 1.1 billion, with a single-day box office of 477 million, once again breaking the highest first-day and single-day box office record of the mainland film history animated film created by itself.

With the release of the film and the revelation of new characters Shen Xiaobao and Shen Zhengdao, the new family portrait of Chen Tangguan was released again. In addition to the previously exposed "little brother" Nezha family and the calm and restrained Aobing family, the Shen Gongbao family, who showed their lovely and warm side in private, also spent the Spring Festival happily in the parallel world. Shen Gongbao’s family was dressed in a red suit, and Shen Gongbao rubbed his brother Shen Xiaobao’s head intimately. His father Shen Zhengdao looked at his brothers, friends and brothers’ children with love, and his brother Shen Xiaobao came to "report good news" with a leopard head in his hand.

The movie Do not forget your initiative mind really achieved that no one is bit part, and everyone has their own growth line and highlights. This concept is vividly reflected in the role of Shen Gongbao. Shen Gongbao, a seemingly evil "villain", shouldered the hope of the whole family of the Leopard Demon, but was shattered in the repeated deception and discipline. Even so, he still chose to save the innocent at a critical moment with the determination to die.

The film has been upgraded in many aspects, such as production difficulty, visual effects, story arrangement, etc. The secrets of the production of special effects shots such as siren chains and heart-piercing spells have shocked countless audiences. It is reported that there are at most 200 million+characters in a picture of the "torrent war".None of them are mosaic dots or squares, and the production team said that "there are always enthusiastic audiences to watch these contents carefully, which is not what we should do in such a large-scale movie." In the design of the overall flood trajectory, designers draw inspiration from China’s traditional aesthetics. No matter the fish swimming in the ocean, the traces of smoke floating in the mountains and Chinese paintings, and the migration trajectory of birds in the sky, they all become a part of the flood, showing the unique sense of rhythm of oriental aesthetics together.

The five-year production process of "Nezha 2" is not behind closed doors, but more like an open and progressive Olympic Village. "Nezha 2" has attracted the best animation talents in China to gather and work together, constantly challenging the difficult and more difficult production limits. Every time you try your best, you will also achieve more and better animation talents. The director said, "We hope to influence as many people as possible.".

The characters are repeatedly reversed to create a complete picture, and the picture breaks through innovation and originality. Nezha’s Magic Boy Naughty in the Sea achieves a double harvest at the word-of-mouth box office with the most immediate theme expression, in-depth characterization and creative exquisite visual effects. Countless netizens incarnate "tap water" to take the initiative to Amway "Nezha 2" and support "Nezha 2" with practical actions of "2 brushes and 3 brushes.

Shanghai Port Container Terminal, Anji County, Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province. Xinhua news agency

Fuzhou Airport Port ushered in a small peak of inbound and outbound passenger flow during Spring Festival travel rush. Xinhua news agency

Villagers in Rong ‘an County, Liuzhou City, Guangxi Province show kumquat just picked. Xinhua news agency

In the body workshop of BMW Brilliance Dadong Factory in Shenyang, the robot arm is manufacturing the body. Xinhua news agency

Qingdao Port Fully Automated Terminal (Phase II) was put into operation. Xinhua news agency

The new year market in Kunming, Yunnan is booming. Xinhua news agency

The staff in Yiwu China Import Commodity City put the imported red wine that has just arrived. Xinhua news agency

　　[Economic Interface]

　　Time flies like a blink. Looking back on 2019, there are too many people, too many things and too many important moments in my memory. The grand celebration of the 70th anniversary of the founding of New China seems to be yesterday, and 2020 has passed more than 20 days and nights. Looking back at the crucial year of 2019, there are many dimensions and perspectives. Not long ago, the centralized release of China’s annual economic report data made us discover a special way of memory — — Digital memory. This year, a series of iconic economic data were born in the sweat, showing the elegance of China, the strength of China and the spirit of China in a unique way.

　　The data is silent and rich in connotation. It tells the world, in a rational and rigorous way, what confidence and strength we have towards the first century-long goal of the Chinese nation.

　　Break through! These data freeze the moment when economic powers leap to a new level.

　　[Scene] On the morning of January 17th, 2020, the press conference hall of the State Council Information Office, No.11 West Chang ‘an Avenue, Beijing. Chinese and foreign journalists gathered, and reporters were already there at 8: 30. As soon as the official release time was 10: 00, a shocking message immediately spread all over the world through various new media platforms — — "heavy! China’s per capita GDP exceeded $10,000. " At the end of the press conference, it was nearly 12 noon, and reporters rushed to the front again, surrounded by Ning Ji Zhe, director of the National Bureau of Statistics, who still had many questions to answer.

　　Data 1

　　The per capita gross domestic product (GDP) has exceeded $10,000 — — Per capita GDP is the main index to compare the economic development level of various countries. Crossing this node, the income level, consumption structure, market scale and innovation conditions of a country’s residents will all reach a new level.

　　Data 2

　　6.1%— — In 2019, China’s GDP reached 99,086.5 billion yuan, close to 100 trillion yuan. Calculated at comparable prices, it increased by 6.1% over the previous year, in line with the expected target of 6%-6.5%.

　　Data 3

　　30733 yuan — — In 2019, the per capita disposable income of the national residents was 30,733 yuan, an increase of 8.9% over the previous year, and it exceeded 30,000 yuan for the first time. The growth rate was 0.2 percentage points faster than that of the previous year; After deducting the price factor, the real growth rate was 5.8%, which was basically in sync with the economic growth and roughly the same as the per capita GDP growth.

　　In 2019, China’s per capita GDP has exceeded $10,000, which is higher than the average level of upper-middle-income countries. "This not only means that China’s economic aggregate is constantly expanding, but also shows that the quality of China’s economic development is steadily improving and people’s lives are constantly improving, which not only lays a solid foundation for China to achieve a well-off society in an all-round way this year, but also makes our due contribution to the development and progress of all mankind. It has important symbolic significance. " Ning Ji Zhe said.

　　According to the data of the World Bank, the population of countries with a per capita GDP of more than $10,000 in 2018 is about 1.5 billion. As China, with a total population of 1.4 billion, steps into the ranks of countries with a per capita GDP of more than US$ 10,000, the population of countries in this ranks will be close to 3 billion. Of the more than 7 billion people in the world, due to China’s entry, the per capita GDP of 3 billion people has reached more than 10,000 US dollars. This is a great progress in human economic and social development, and also a contribution made by China as a developing and emerging economy to the world. Therefore, doing a good job in China is a contribution to the world.

　　Although per capita GDP and per capita disposable income are not the same concept, from the data point of view, "in 2019, the per capita disposable income of Chinese residents exceeded 30,000 yuan, which laid a good foundation for building a well-off society in an all-round way in 2020." Ning Ji Zhe said.

　　In 2019, China’s GDP grew by 6.1%, ranking first among the major economies in the world and ranking first among the economies with more than US$ 1 trillion.

　　From a global perspective, according to the forecast of Global Economic Outlook published by the World Bank in January 2020, the economy of high-income countries will grow by 1.7% and that of developing countries by 3.7% in 2019; Among them, the United States grew by 2.3%, the euro zone by 1.1%, Japan by 1.1%, Brazil by 1.1%, Russia by 1.2%, India by 5.0% and South Africa by 0.4%. Under the complicated situation of obvious increase in external risk challenges, China’s economy has maintained steady growth, showing strong resilience.

　　From the historical coordinates, this is a landmark data in the 70 years since the founding of New China. In 1952, China’s total GDP was only 67.9 billion yuan. In 1986, it exceeded the trillion yuan mark, in 2000 it exceeded the 10 trillion yuan mark, and in 2010 it surpassed Japan to become the second largest economy in the world. Since the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, the total GDP has reached 70 trillion yuan, 80 trillion yuan and 90 trillion yuan in five years, and it is close to 100 trillion yuan in 2019, contributing about 30% to the world economic growth.

　　At the same time, Ning Ji Zhe emphasized that we should also be soberly aware that the basic national conditions of China, which is in the primary stage of socialism for a long time, have not changed, and the problems of China’s large population, underdeveloped productive forces and inadequate development imbalance are still outstanding. China’s international status as the largest developing country in the world has not changed. To build China into a modern socialist country and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, we need to work hard for a long time.

Warm heart! These data confirm that building a well-off society in an all-round way is closer to us.　

　　[Story] As the Spring Festival approaches, Ma Baoyin, a 61-year-old villager from Longerze Village, Gankunwan Town, Yanchuan County, Shaanxi Province, is about to usher in the first Lunar New Year in his spacious and bright new house. In May 2019, Yan ‘an bid farewell to absolute poverty as Yanchuan and Yichuan, the last two poverty-stricken counties in the revolutionary holy land of Yan ‘an, withdrew from poverty. The "two guarantees and three guarantees" for poor people in Yan ‘an have been basically realized, the rural infrastructure has been comprehensively improved, and 2.26 million people in the old liberated areas have started a new life towards a well-off society in an all-round way. Xue Zhanhai, Mayor of Yan ‘an, said that the focus of Yan ‘an’s poverty alleviation has shifted to the consolidation and promotion of poverty alleviation achievements, ensuring that no one is left behind and no one is left behind on the road to a well-off life in the old areas.

　　Data 1

　　11.09 million — — According to the latest statistics, another 11.09 million rural poor people have been lifted out of poverty, with more than 10 million people lifted out of poverty for seven consecutive years. According to the current poverty standards, by the end of 2019, the rural poor population had dropped to 5.51 million.

　　Data 2

　　More than 60% for the first time & mdash; — By the end of 2019, the proportion of urban resident population in the total population had reached 60.6%, exceeding 60% for the first time, which is a landmark data for China’s industrialization and urbanization.

　　Data 3

　　Four declines — — In 2019, China’s energy consumption per 10,000 yuan of GDP decreased by 2.6% compared with the previous year, and the Engel coefficient of the national residents decreased by 0.2 percentage points compared with the previous year, which decreased for eight consecutive years; The average concentration of PM2.5 in cities below the standard level and above decreased by 2.4% compared with the previous year, and the micro leverage ratio continued to decline steadily.

　　In 2019, faced with the complicated situation that risks and challenges at home and abroad have increased significantly, the China Municipal Government unswervingly implemented the new development concept, made great efforts to fight three tough battles, and handed over the report card of steady progress, laying a more solid foundation for building a well-off society in an all-round way. Han Wenxiu, deputy director of the Office of the Central Financial and Economic Committee, said that from the 15th National Congress of the Communist Party of China to the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and then to the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, we have always taken this as a strategic goal. After decades of struggle, decisive progress has been made in building a well-off society in an all-round way. It should be said that the achievements in building a well-off society in an all-round way are even better than originally expected.

　　In 2019, the intensity, depth and accuracy of China’s poverty alleviation work reached a new level, and the funds, projects and initiatives in deep poverty-stricken areas increased; Industry, employment, education, health and poverty alleviation have been solidly promoted, and about 340 poverty-stricken counties across the country have taken off their hats; The task of ex situ poverty alleviation and relocation in the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" was basically completed.

　　According to the National New Urbanization Plan published by the State Council in 2014, the urbanization rate of permanent residents will reach about 60% in 2020. This also means that the urbanization rate of permanent residents will reach 60% one year ahead of schedule in 2019. Experts pointed out that with the urbanization rate exceeding 60%, China’s urbanization will gradually enter the second half and the second urbanization stage. Compared with the flow of population from township to city in the process of primary urbanization, secondary urbanization is the flow between cities, from small and medium-sized cities to central cities and metropolises.

　　According to the data of 2019, the contribution rate of final consumption expenditure to economic growth reached nearly 60%, and consumption played a fundamental role in China’s economic development, which was the first driving force for China’s economic growth. Quality, personalization and diversified consumption are active, and products such as wearable smart devices and smart household appliances are growing rapidly. Communication equipment and cosmetics products increased by 8.5% and 12.6% respectively.

　　This year’s economic work should focus on the advantages, focus on key points, fill shortcomings, strong and weak items, accurately fill the shortcomings of building a well-off society in an all-round way, and ensure the successful conclusion of building a well-off society in an all-round way. "Han Wenxiu said.

　　Wang Changlin, president of China Macroeconomic Research Institute, believes that China has many advantages and favorable conditions for moving towards a high-quality stage, and at the same time, it is facing some "worries" of growth and happiness. High-quality development is the development that can well meet the people’s growing needs for a better life, the development that embodies the new development concept, the development that innovation becomes the first driving force, coordination becomes the endogenous feature, green becomes the universal form, openness becomes the only way, and sharing becomes the fundamental purpose, that is, the development that pursues a happy life.

Breathe! These data mark a new stage of high quality development.

　　【 Story 】 On the afternoon of January 7th, the delivery ceremony of the first batch of social car owners of Model3 made in China was held in Tesla Giga Shanghai, which is located in Shanghai’s harbor. On the afternoon of January 7th, one year ago, Tesla Giga Shanghai officially started construction in Lingang Industrial Zone. From a wasteland, the first new car went off the assembly line, and then a batch of new cars went on the market, the construction of Tesla Giga Shanghai exceeded expectations.

　　Data 1

　　Break through 1 million — — In 2019, 41,000 foreign-funded enterprises were newly established, with an average of 112 established daily. By the end of last year, the number of foreign-funded enterprises in China had exceeded 1 million, reaching 1,001,377, which was of symbolic significance in the process of utilizing foreign capital and even opening up to the outside world.

　　Data 2

　　"Three consecutive rises" — — In 2019, the R&D investment intensity of the top 500 manufacturing enterprises in China was 2.14%, achieving the "three consecutive increases" since 2016. In 2019, there are about 20,000 newly registered enterprises every day, and the number of unicorn enterprises, gazelle enterprises and fortune 500 enterprises is increasing every year, with the number of invention patents per 10,000 population reaching 13.3.

　　Data 3

　　The first main body — — In 2019, the proportion of import and export of private enterprises rose to 43.3%, and private enterprises became the largest subject for the first time, of which exports accounted for 51.9%, and more than half of the exports were undertaken by private enterprises.

　　Qian Keming, Vice Minister of Commerce, pointed out that Shanghai Tesla has created the "China Speed" in less than one year from its establishment to mass production. In 2019, China actually utilized 941.5 billion yuan of foreign capital, an increase of 5.8%, and established more than 40,000 foreign-funded enterprises, maintaining its position as the second largest foreign capital inflow country. There were many large-scale projects, with 834 foreign-funded projects above $100 million, an increase of 15.8%; The structure of foreign capital continued to be optimized, and high-tech industries used 266 billion yuan of foreign capital, up by 25.6%, accounting for 28.3%.

　　On January 20, 2020, the Global Investment Trend Monitoring Report released by UNCTAD revealed that the global cross-border direct investment (FDI) was 1.39 trillion US dollars last year, down by 1%.

　　"In 2019, under the conditions of slowing global economic growth, sluggish cross-border investment, increased uncertainty in the international environment, and intensified competition for foreign investment in various countries, China achieved contrarian growth in attracting foreign investment." Zong Changqing, director of the Foreign Investment Department of the Ministry of Commerce, said that the scale of China’s utilization of foreign capital reached a record high last year, ranking first among developing countries and second in the world. Last year, a series of laws, regulations and policies such as the new foreign investment law, 20 regulations on stabilizing foreign investment in the State Council, and the new negative list of foreign investment access were promulgated and implemented continuously, which continuously optimized the business environment and played a "combination boxing" to stabilize foreign investment, effectively stabilizing foreign investment expectations and boosting investment confidence. Samsung, SK Hynix, Corning Display, Caterpillar, Ineos, Panasonic, ExxonMobil and other international manufacturing giants have increased their investment in China, and the actual investment in the whole year exceeded 100 million US dollars. This has played a positive role in promoting China’s supply-side structural reform, making up for the shortcomings of industrial upgrading and increasing the supply of high-quality goods and services.

　　At present, China’s innovation-driven transformation is accelerating, enterprise innovation activities are becoming increasingly active, and innovation-driven development momentum is dynamic in generate. Structural optimization and upgrading are accelerating, new formats and new models are emerging, and 5G commercialization is officially launched. In the first 11 months of last year, 126,000 base stations have been built, forming hundreds of innovative application scenarios in transportation, medical care and other industries.

　　In recent years, the whole country has implemented the new development concept, gathering wisdom, strength and energy, and mass entrepreneurship and innovation are surging. New scientific and technological achievements are constantly emerging. Last year, Chang ‘e 4 successfully landed on the back of the moon, Xuelong 2 made its maiden voyage to the South Pole, and the first domestic aircraft carrier was officially installed. In 2019, China ranked 14th in the global innovation index, up 3 places from the previous year. New kinetic energy and new industries grew, and the added value of industrial strategic new industries and high-tech manufacturing industries increased by 8.8% and 8.4% respectively. The retail sales of online goods increased by 19.3%, and digital economy, network economy, platform economy, sharing economy and intelligent economy flourished in China.

　　Wang Yiming, deputy director of the State Council Development Research Center, said that high-quality development is a development that embodies the new development concept, and it is necessary to achieve a higher level, better structure, more efficient, fairer and more sustainable development. It is necessary to promote "five changes": First, from "quantity catching up" to "quality catching up"; Second, from "scale expansion" to "structural upgrading"; Third, from "factor-driven" to "innovation-driven"; The fourth is to shift from "unbalanced distribution" to "inclusive"; The fifth is to shift from "gray growth" to "green appreciation". To promote the "five transformations", we should open up "six paths", namely, strengthening market functions, upgrading the level of industrial chain, enhancing the original innovation ability, upgrading human capital, promoting green transformation and improving the efficiency of space resource allocation.

The fuel consumption or endurance performance of a car is related to the later car cost, and many netizens pay attention to its performance. Not much to say, let’s take a look.

Let’s take a look at the appearance of Passat first. The front of Passat looks very individual and has a lattice grille, which looks sporty. Coupled with headlights, it is very visually impactful. The car is equipped with LED daytime running lights, automatic opening and closing, adaptive far and near light, automatic steering, delayed closing, rain and fog mode and so on. Coming to the side of the car body, the size of the car body is 5006 mm * 1850 mm * 1489 mm. The car adopts angular lines, and the car body presents a domineering and stylish design style. With large-sized thick-walled tires, the overall visual effect is very young and individual. Looking back, the rear of the car looks sharp, the taillight style is solid, and the exhaust pipe below adopts the design of bilateral single outlet, which is very cold.

When I came to Passat, the interior looked very personal and the overall recognition was high. The steering wheel of the car is very dignified and made of leather, which makes people fondle it. Let’s take a look at the central control. The car is equipped with a touch-sensitive LCD central control screen, which makes the interior style impressive and looks cute. Finally, let’s look at the dashboard and seats. The car is equipped with a young and fashionable dashboard, which highlights the trendy temperament. The car uses leather seats, which are wide and thick, and the overall comfort and wrapping are not bad.

Passat is matched with a wet dual clutch (DCT) gearbox, with an acceleration time of 7.6s seconds per 100 kilometers, which has good power performance and is completely OK for daily use.

The car is equipped with car networking, driving mode selection, remote control key, interior atmosphere light, engine start and stop and other configurations, which is quite rich in functions, which is undoubtedly very friendly to drivers.

After reading the above description, Xiaobian will make a summary. The moderate size of the car is a very suitable choice for many families, and the internal space is enough for daily use in families.

　　In 2023, the soda ash market experienced great changes, and the price fluctuation was obviously intensified. This paper mainly analyzes the changes of soda ash market in 2023, and looks forward to the changes and unchanged in 2024.

　　I. Important changes in soda ash market in 2023

　　In 2023, the soda ash market has undergone many changes, both in supply and demand, and in the market competition pattern. As an important part of three acids and two alkalis, soda ash is known as the "mother of chemical industry". Because of its high degree of standardization and relatively easy preservation, there are more participants in soda ash futures and spot. On the whole, the changes of soda ash market in 2023 include the following five aspects:

　　First, the price fluctuation cycle of soda ash is shortened, and the price elasticity is intensified. Taking the price fluctuation of 1000 yuan/ton as the boundary, it will take several months or even years for soda ash to get out of a 1000 yuan/ton band before 2022, and the soda ash market will experience two waves of 1,000 yuan rise and two waves of 1,000 yuan fall in 2023. In 2023, the huge fluctuation of soda ash showed the characteristics of short-term strong outbreak, and most of the thousand-point market in the year was completed within 1.5-2.0 months. This change has an obvious impact on market participants. If we can’t change our thinking quickly, both spot and futures operations are prone to losses.

　　The picture shows the trend of domestic soda ash futures and spot prices from 2021 to 2023 (unit: RMB/ton).

　　Second, the supply of soda ash continued to increase, and the production capacity increased to a new high. In 2023, the domestic output of soda ash was about 32.54 million tons, an increase of 3.34 million tons, with an increase of 11.44%. This output accounts for nearly half of the global soda production, and has reached a record high. The sharp increase of soda ash production in 2023 is mainly affected by the release of daily production capacity and the increase of operating rate. In 2023, the domestic soda production capacity will increase by 6.3 million tons.Head enterprises represented by Jinshan, Henan Province continued to expand their production capacity. In 2023, the profits of ammonia-alkali method and combined alkali method (double tons) were 876 yuan/ton and 1387 yuan/ton respectively, which stimulated the operating rate to increase by 2.78% to 88.04% during the year.

　　Third, the concentration of soda ash upstream is further improved. The biggest change of soda ash market in 2023 is the sharp increase of industry concentration, and the leading enterprises’ control over prices is obviously enhanced. According to the data of Baichuan Yingfu, by the end of 2023, the effective production capacity of domestic soda ash was about 37.8 million tons, among which the top three enterprises (Henan Jinshan, Boyuan Yingen,The total production capacity is 13.2 million tons, accounting for 34.92%; The total production capacity of the top ten enterprises is 23.7 million tons, accounting for 62.70%. If the production capacity of the same group is combined, the top five enterprises in Henan Jinshan, Zhongyan Group,The total production capacity is about 22.1 million tons, accounting for 58.47%; By the end of 2022, the production capacity of the top five soda enterprises accounted for about 51.11%. Not only is the number improved, but Jinshan, Henan Province is the lowest-cost soda enterprise in China and the lowest-cost chemical soda enterprise in China. The market share of low-cost enterprises has increased, and the impact of the change in operating rate on the market has greatly increased. In addition, China National Salt Group, which ranks in the top five, is the main producer of soda ash delivery products in China, and the domestic soda ash production cost is high. The ecological environment in Qinghai is fragile, environmental protection problems are prone to repeated fermentation, the cost of seawater is high, the price sensitivity is high, and it is easy to reduce production after losses.

　　Fourth, the downstream demand of soda ash reached a record high. In 2023, the domestic total consumption of soda ash was about 31.32 million tons, an increase of nearly 2 million tons compared with 2022. The main increase comes from the increase of photovoltaic glass production. From January to November 2023, the domestic photovoltaic glass output was 22,593,300 tons, an increase of 8,119,300 tons compared with the same period of last year, with a growth rate of 56.10%. It is estimated that the domestic photovoltaic glass output will be 25 million tons in 2023, an increase of 8.8 million tons compared with the same period of last year, and the demand for soda ash will increase by 1.76 million tons. In addition to the impact of the increase in photovoltaic glass production, the increase in lithium carbonate production also brought about some increase.

　　Fifth, soda ash imports hit a new high for many years. In 2023, the export volume of soda ash was about 1.47 million tons, and the import volume was about 770,000 tons, which reached a new high in more than ten years. In 2023, overseas soda production capacity increased slightly, but the growth rate of overseas demand was low. In 2023, the center of gravity of domestic soda ash price moved up, and the spot price rose above 3,000 yuan/ton for many times. After the price difference between domestic and foreign markets was opened, leading glass enterprises and large traders actively imported natural alkali with lower price, mainly American alkali and Turkish alkali. According to the CIF price of US$ 210/ton and the exchange rate of US$ 7.10 against RMB, the total cost of importing trona (including customs duties, value-added tax and transportation fees) for glass enterprises is only RMB 2,000/ton. When the domestic price rises above 2600 yuan/ton, and the price difference is greater than that of 600 yuan/ton, even considering the risk of falling spot price, the import is still profitable.

　　Second, the change and invariability of soda ash market in 2024

　　1. Constant: High volatility continues.

　　The constant price of soda ash, a basic chemical, will be its frequent change, and the high fluctuation characteristics of soda ash will continue in 2024. Soda soda, a non-hazardous chemical, has a high degree of standardization, so it has been widely concerned by market funds. In addition to institutional investors, in recent years, soda production, consumption and trade enterprises have also actively participated in the futures market, and the current institutions are constantly emerging and their influence on the market is increasing. In the constant game of the market, the price fluctuation of soda ash is also obviously intensified, and the high fluctuation will continue in the future.

　　Due to the high fluctuation of soda ash, there are obvious hedging opportunities in the upper, middle and lower reaches of the industrial chain. From 2021 to now, domestic spot price and futures of Shahe heavy soda ashThe price difference of the contract fluctuates obviously, and most of the futures are discounted to the spot, but there have also been several waves of futures premium spot trends. Under the pessimistic expectation, the soda ash futures price in 2023 is mostly discounted in cash, but two waves of soda ash surge in the year make the basis quickly repaired. At present, the soda ash market is still characterized by a large discount on spot futures, and downstream enterprises should actively pay attention to the opportunity to buy soda ash near the cost price in the distant month for hedging. Upstream enterprises rely on spot prices to sell recent contracts for hedging.

　　2. unchanged: the expectation of oversupply is hard to change.

　　Since March 2023, the main trading logic of soda ash market has been the expectation of oversupply brought by production capacity. In 2023, the domestic soda production capacity increased by 6.3 million tons, and there are still nearly 3 million tons of production capacity to be released in 2024. According to the production pace of soda ash, the oversupply of soda ash in 2024 is expected to be obvious, especially in the first half of the year, there are few maintenance arrangements for enterprises, and the supply pressure brought by new production capacity will have a greater impact on prices, and the trend of SA2405 is downward.

　　3. No change: the maintenance effect will continue to ferment.

　　In 2023, the soda ash market fluctuated greatly, and besides the impact of the release rhythm of new capacity, the phased maintenance of old equipment also had a more obvious impact on the price. The surge of soda ash from July to August, 2023 was driven by "delayed launch of new production capacity" and "large-scale overhaul of old equipment", and the surge of soda ash in November, 2023 basically continued the dual drive. Looking forward to 2024, the spot and futures prices of soda ash will face obvious price pressure in the first half of the year, with the increase in imports and the release of new capacity at the beginning of the year, and the maintenance in the first half of the year is usually less. If the price drops sharply in the first half of the year, especially after falling below the cost of ammonia-alkali process, the overhaul of soda ash market will increase obviously, and it is likely to exceed the supply increment brought by new production capacity. From the time point of view, the large-scale overhaul of soda ash in 2024 may take place in June-August, and the double pressure of high temperature superposition and falling prices in summer will promote the overhaul of soda ash enterprises. If the maintenance happens as scheduled, the price of soda ash is likely to rebound in stages.

　　The table shows the influence matrix of soda plant commissioning and maintenance on the price.

　　4, unchanged: photovoltaic glass brings incremental demand.

　　In 2023, 19 domestic photovoltaic glass production lines will be added, and the daily melting capacity will increase by 19,750 t/d to 99,810 t/d. In 2023, the incremental demand of photovoltaic glass for soda ash will be nearly 1.8 million tons. In 2024, domestic photovoltaic glass will still be in the cycle of capacity expansion, and the demand for soda ash will increase, which will still be the main source of incremental demand for soda ash. Affected by the early warning system of photovoltaic glass production capacity and the slowdown of demand growth, after considering the maintenance and other factors, it is estimated that the domestic photovoltaic glass production capacity will increase by 20,000-25,000 t/d to 120,000-125,000 t/d in 2024, the annual output will increase by about 6 million tons, and the demand for soda ash will increase by 1.2 million tons.

　　5. Constant: Downstream demand remains rigid.

　　In 2023, the market of soda ash is mainly driven by the supply side, and the demand side is relatively less sensitive to the price. The downstream of heavy alkali is mainly used for float glass and photovoltaic glass, while the downstream demand of light alkali is relatively dispersed but closely related to food, clothing, housing and transportation. Before the price of soda ash rose above 3000 yuan/ton, the demand of heavy alkali and light alkali changed little; When the price rises above 3000 yuan/ton, the downstream of heavy alkali will obviously reduce the purchase, and some downstream of light alkali will reduce the production to reduce the loss. Because the demand for soda ash is relatively rigid, changes in the supply side will lead to huge price fluctuations. With the continuous increase of photovoltaic glass production, the proportion of heavy alkali demand will continue to increase, and the change of soda ash demand side will be smaller.

　　6. Change: non-traditional demand or exceeding expectations

　　In 2024, the demand for soda ash is expected to increase by 2 million tons, which is close to that in 2023. The incremental demand brought by photovoltaic glass is slightly reduced, and the demand for float glass is slightly increased. Represented by lithium carbonateThe demand for alkali will increase, and new fields such as nano-zinc oxide will create some new demand areas. On the whole, the demand for soda ash in 2024 is not pessimistic, and we will continue to pay attention to the production capacity of photovoltaic glass and the non-traditional demand changes represented by lithium carbonate in the later period.

　　7. Change: the end of the high-profit pattern

　　On the whole, the pattern of soda ash market in 2024 is set to be loose supply, especially in the first half of the year. In 2024, the expectation of oversupply in soda ash market will be fulfilled with a high probability, and the price center may be significantly lower than that in 2023. According to the average price of 2000 yuan/ton of heavy alkali, the average profit of ammonia-alkali process may drop to 200-300 yuan/ton in 2024, which is obviously lower than the average profit of 876 yuan/ton in 2023. In 2024, soda ash spot enterprises may experience staged losses, and individual enterprises may withdraw from the market.

　　8. Change: The overall operating rate of the industry will decline.

　　Under the background of production capacity, it is expected that the price of soda ash will drop and the profit will drop in 2024, and the industry operating rate will decline. Among them, the low-cost natural alkali may maintain a high operating rate, and the operating rate of high-cost combined alkali and ammonia-alkali method may show a downward trend. Periodic losses and maintenance may lead to the operating rate of soda ash industry falling below 80%.

　　9. Change: The import volume may be significantly reduced.

　　In 2023, the import of soda ash increased sharply, and the core reason was the expansion of internal and external price difference. In 2024, the operation center of soda ash price will move down and the import window will be closed. It is estimated that exports will drop significantly in 2024, and the annual export volume may drop to around 400,000 tons, which is lower than 770,000 tons in 2023.

　　10. Change: The mode of trade may continue to change.

　　Influenced by the opportunity brought by the fluctuation of soda ash price, a large number of current institutions have emerged in the domestic soda ash market since 2021, among which Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai-based institutions are deeply involved. With the advantages of capital, talents and information, current merchants have become one of the leading forces in soda pricing. Through the combination of existing machines, the spot price has become an important way of soda ash spot circulation. Leading float glass enterprises, such as Qibin and Xinyi, also began to use the point price to purchase. Under the impact of the new model, the trade pattern of soda ash has changed greatly, especially in Shahe and Hubei, two delivery warehouses.

　　11. Change: the direction or change of goods.

　　In 2023, a large amount of new capacity of soda ash was released, among which 4 million tons of new capacity of Yuanxing Energy and 2 million tons of new capacity of Jinshan, Henan Province had the most significant impact. Due to the limited consumption of soda ash in northwest China, most of the soda ash in Inner Mongolia and Qinghai needs to be sold abroad. With the continuous release of new production capacity, the trade pattern of domestic soda ash market will also change in the future. The low-cost Yuanxing trona will mainly circulate in the northern region, and Henan Jinshan will further enhance its market share in Central China and East China. The original soda enterprises with North China and Central China as the main consumption areas will pay more attention to the regional markets such as East China and South China in the future, and the competition will be more intense.

　　12. Change: Downstream pricing power will be significantly enhanced.

　　In 2024, the price of soda ash shows a downward trend as a whole, the upstream pricing power will be weakened, the downstream pricing power will be enhanced, and the profit of the industrial chain is expected to be reconstructed. In the downward price stage, the downstream wait-and-see mood may intensify, leading to "negative feedback" in the spot market. When the price of soda ash falls to near the cost of ammonia and alkali, downstream enterprises may increase their replenishment efforts, and then the inventory will be transferred from upstream to downstream. Benefiting from the downward trend of raw material prices, the profit of float glass in 2024 may be slightly better than that in 2023. (Author:Futures)