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　　Crocodiles, poisonous snakes and foxes, such exotic pets, have a unified name in the pet circle — — Different pets. Now, they have been unable to board the list of popular "exotic pets". At present, blue-ringed octopus, leech and poison dart frog have become the new favorites of different pet players. More and more mysterious creatures appear in daily life as pets. Why would anyone dare to raise them? What kind of stories do they have with their breeders? The Beijing Morning Post reporter investigated the exotic pet market and breeding groups.

　　■ Noun explanation

　　Different pets, that is, different pets, first appeared in Europe, America and Japan, then entered Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, and gradually entered the mainland market in recent years, completely breaking the traditional pattern of pet market constructed by cats, dogs, birds, ornamental fish and flowers, and becoming the new favorite of young people. Its advantages are nothing more than less time occupation, low expenses and novel shape and personality.

　　one

　　"I was a coward and set the snake free secretly."

　　Roi is a junior, and he often hangs out in some different forums in his spare time. From time to time, I will reply to some questions raised by new players in the forum. "I have raised snakes and chameleons before, but they have not persisted." Speaking of his own way of being spoiled, he is somewhat reluctant to talk about it. "I just wanted to look different," he said. "The first pet was a chameleon that my classmates didn’t raise. I took it over and sent it away quickly because my family was afraid. Since then, I have been raising exotic pets. I don’t like it, but I think people will think I’m cool and have face. To put it bluntly, it is vanity. " He said that at the beginning of his freshman year, he bought a corn snake in the official garden market. "200 yuan, the store sent a transparent box. At that time, the snake was very small, about twenty or thirty centimeters long, and it was winding in the box. After a few months, the snake has grown to nearly 80 centimeters and its body has grown nearly three times. I am a little scared. " Roi told reporters that as snakes grow bigger and bigger, the wave of family opposition is getting higher and higher. "Let me get rid of the snake as soon as possible. Especially after I was bitten by a snake. "

　　Roi said that although the snake is not poisonous, it still bites people, especially when cleaning cages, feeding and taking photos. "On one occasion, I was feeding it. I just put my hand into the cage, and I may have accidentally touched it. It reacted violently and bit my arm very quickly. The wound immediately bled. " Roi said that he was very nervous after being bitten, so he went to the hospital for examination immediately, and he was relieved after getting a tetanus shot to eliminate the poison. "After that, as long as you need to put your hand in the box, you will wear a thick rubber glove. ‘ Once bitten, twice shy ’ I have experienced the feeling. "

　　Roi said helplessly, "I was a coward once and set the snake free." Taking advantage of a weekend, Roi and his family went to Xiangshan Park with snakes. Let the snake out in a secluded place. "Seeing it crawling away into the grass, it feels complicated, and it is also a bit embarrassing to get rid of it." Roi said that since then, whenever I saw the news of the unauthorized release, I felt it was a condemnation of myself. "I know this is wrong, but I don’t know what to do with this snake. Until now, I am still ashamed. If you want to raise a different pet, you really have to think about it before you act. "

　　2

　　"It’s the hardest time to take cockroaches."

　　The "true love powder" orange told reporters that he had raised spiders and scorpions, and now he has a soft spot for chameleons. Oranges say it is dangerous to keep scorpions and spiders. "All spiders and scorpions are poisonous, and merchants always say that it is impossible to ensure non-toxic and harmless. As long as it is paralyzed, you must go to the hospital for examination and treatment. " Orange said that she is now the "true love powder" of the chameleon and has been raising it for 10 years.

　　The chameleon raised by oranges is a "mane lion", which mainly eats insects. "The chameleon has no interaction with the owner and rarely exercises." The orange said that the most uncomfortable thing for him was the feeding. "The mane lion can usually eat cricket. But if you want it to grow up, you should supplement it with nutrition. The nutrient that I eat the most now is live cockroaches. " Oranges say that they are very afraid of cockroaches, especially living ones. "I always buy it from a familiar pet store ‘ Dubya ’ Species of cockroaches, put cockroaches in a separate box, put some vegetable leaves and raise them. Every time I need to add food to the mane lion, I take a few out of the box. " The orange said that this was his most painful process. "I am most afraid of cockroaches, but I have been forced to raise cockroaches for so many years. Until now, every time I take cockroaches from the cockroach box, it still feels the most disgusting."

　　Not only that, but the cost of raising different pets is not small. "The mane lion is not expensive in the chameleon, and many people buy it. The cubs are about five or six hundred yuan, while those that are shaped or raised greatly need several thousand yuan. " Orange said, in addition, raising chameleon also needs professional breeding box, heat preservation lighting, interior decoration and so on. "The expenses of buying food and maintenance are expensive. At least five or six hundred yuan a month. "

　　three

　　"Keeping leeches as pets is a lonely road."

　　Li Dan is an ordinary white-collar worker, but her pet is not ordinary. She keeps two leeches as pets at home. The common name of this pet is actually "leech", a blood-sucking creature, which is soft and prone. I’m afraid the older generation all have unpleasant memories of this creature.

　　The reporter contacted Li Dan several times in the hope of visiting her home, but she declined. Through the photos she provided, the reporter saw two leeches in a transparent box, which looked only three or four centimeters long. The yellow and black body is full of circles of patterns. "I don’t think there is anything wrong with raising leeches. My friends around me are too fussy." Li Dan said that she bought live leeches online and has kept them for half a year. "Leeches do feed on blood for a living, but that doesn’t mean they have to suck human blood. Anyway, I won’t feed them with my own blood." Li Dan said that he was also sucked by leeches, but he didn’t feel any pain. "When leeches suck blood, they feel like a sucker to hold their arms, and there is no pain. Because it releases an anesthetic at the same time when it sucks blood, it won’t hurt. "

　　Li Dan said that raising leeches is very simple, just buy some live fish. "After leeches suck blood, the fish will not die, and it is not as horrible as imagined." Every week, she buys fresh fish for leeches to feed on, and the updated fish will be eaten in soup or braised.

　　Speaking of why leeches are kept, Li Dan said that "it’s just a personal hobby". "Our people who raise leeches have established a WeChat group, and the number has increased from more than a dozen at the beginning of the year to more than 30 now. In fact, there are quite a few people who like leeches." However, her idea was not recognized by her family. "My family is particularly opposed to raising leeches, and I feel very ‘ Abnormal condition ’ . I kept leeches in my own house, and my parents refused to enter the house. " Li Dan said, "I have to admit that keeping leeches as pets is a lonely road." She admits that leeches have no interaction with people all the time. "Daily activities are occasional peristalsis, which will swell when sucking blood, and gradually digest and become smaller as time goes by. The only interaction may be that when I change fish, I need to take them out of the water tank temporarily with rubber gloves. " Li Dan said, but out of an inexplicable feeling, she will still insist on raising it.

　　Beijing Morning Post reporter Zhang Jingya

　　■ Expert opinion

　　There is a threat to feeding and releasing, and it is recommended to introduce legal norms.

　　For the breeding of exotic pets, the breeders all expressed the same concern in the interview, "fear of being reported." Jinlong told reporters that if someone reports the breeding of exotic pets, the police are likely to confiscate the pets at home. "Because the breeder can’t provide proof of the source of the pet, even if it is artificially bred, but there is no evidence, the police will confiscate the pet.

　　Tian, director of the Beijing Wildlife Conservation Association, said that since the beginning of summer, many calls for help have been received, most of which are related to crocodiles, because breeders see that crocodiles are getting bigger and bigger and urgently ask for help. "It was originally kept as a pet." Director Tian said that when pets are mainly Thai crocodiles and Kevin crocodiles, wild Thai crocodiles can grow to 4 meters and are not suitable for pets. Moreover, alien species may carry diseases, and they have antibodies themselves, but they will be transmitted to local species.

　　Director Tian introduced that macaques, pythons and foxes were once kept as pets, but later they were unable to keep them and released them quietly. In fact, these animals could not survive in the release environment, and they would soon die and be released into killing. "If alien species are released at will, it will do harm to the surrounding ecological balance, such as some frogs. Not only that, some highly toxic or dangerous creatures will pose a serious threat to breeders and citizens if they are raised or released. "

　　In response to the management of exotic pets, Director Tian said that at present, China’s laws are still lacking and there are no detailed regulations. "I still call on relevant departments to introduce new laws and regulations as soon as possible, so that exotic pets can be raised according to laws."

　　■ status quo of different pets

　　Update too fast, new and different pets are popular.

　　In a large chain pet store in Beijing, in recent two months, apart from cats and dogs, the fastest-selling small animals are no longer conventional animals such as rabbits, minks, hamsters and squirrels, but a little thing called flying mice. The little guy is very clingy, obviously Nocturnal Animals. He is as lively during the day. Occasionally, he really "flies" from the cage to the guest’s shoulder and crawls around on his body. This kind of "flying squirrel", whose scientific name is flying squirrel, has a flying membrane between its front and rear limbs to help it glide. The salesperson said that it is easy to domesticate. The usual staple food is fruit and special rat food.

　　Jinlong is a veteran player in the exotic pet circle. He started to raise snakes in 2004, and fell in love with chameleons in 2008. He doesn’t like cute animals like flying squirrels and glasses monkeys, but as an "old-timer" in the reptile pet circle, he still lamented that "the situation is changing too fast" when talking about popular exotic pets. "Ten years ago, snakes, chameleons and Okumo were all popular pets. Five or six years ago, many people began to play with crocodiles and foxes. Since last year, some highly toxic marine and tropical creatures, such as octopus and frogs, have suddenly become popular. "

　　Jinlong said that in the circle of different pets, many people are chasing trends and catching up with each other. "Popular exotic pets are updated quickly, and the number of breeders of crocodiles and snakes is reduced for the simple reason that there is little interaction, low attention and insufficient talk. It is very likely that next year, poisonous octopus will become less novel and there will be more weird pets. "

　　The poisonous octopus in his mouth refers to the blue-ringed octopus, the "king of poison" in marine life. The reporter of Beijing Morning Post found several shops selling blue-ringed octopus through search, all of which clearly stated in their product descriptions that they were selling live blue-ringed octopus, and most of them were sold in 180 yuan, and the most expensive ones were sold for thousands of dollars. The seller told the reporter that the sales of octopus were "very good" and were "hot items". In addition, the store also promised to "guarantee everything when it arrives", and some stores even explicitly showed off in their product descriptions — — "The blue-ringed octopus and the box jellyfish are called the two most poisonous marine creatures. The venom in its body can kill people in a few minutes. At present, there is still no way to detoxify in medicine." The store said that the reason why it sells so much has a lot to do with its toxicity. "Many young people just like the feeling of excitement."

　　There are more and more people who have different pets, and not many can persist. Many people are trying to keep fresh, so just keep them for a few days. If you keep it for four or five years, it is estimated to be true love.

　　■ Reporter survey

　　Merchants do not leave the spot, pay the deposit first and then pick up the goods.

　　In recent years, the supervision of underground exotic trade, market level and even forest public security system has been strengthened. A friend of the reporter, who has been engaged in the business of Brazilian parrots and African lizards for many years, completely switched to selling strange stones last year, even if it is artificially bred, such animals cannot be bought, sold and raised. The trade of exotic pets is almost completely out of the sunshine trade, and many species are suspected of smuggling and conflict with the animal protection law. Even safe animals may bring health and epidemic prevention troubles. For operators, it is at least beyond the scope of operation.

　　Under the leadership of Jinlong, the Beijing Morning Post reporter came to Shilihe Flower, Bird, Fish and Insect Market. He took the reporter to a shop selling tropical fish in the market. Only tropical fish are sold in the shop, and no unusual pets are seen. "In the first two years, crocodiles and lizards were sold directly in the store. We all bought them directly here and then took them away in cages. When asking the price with the boss, we all call the different pets goods, which is more professional. Since the year before last, the shops have hidden all the goods, and only old acquaintances will show them. Starting from this year, they will not put the goods in the store, but only after paying the deposit will they make an appointment for the time and place before trading. "

　　Jinlong said that he once bought a chameleon here and was a regular customer. "Shops basically don’t do business with strangers. As for why, first, the inspection is tight now, and the goods themselves are few. Second, strangers don’t know how to do it, and there will be a lot of trouble in subsequent feeding. " Jinlong said that the price of exotic pets has changed a lot compared with the original one. "It turns out that crocodiles are the most sought after. When they are expensive, an ordinary Southeast Asian crocodile can sell for two or three thousand pieces. In the past two years, crocodiles have not been sought after, and they can be won for a few hundred dollars. "

　　Entering the store, the store saw Jinlong and greeted him and asked him what he wanted to buy. The boss surnamed Wu said with a mobile phone, "If there is anything new, you can see it on my WeChat. There is nothing in the store, and the market is very tight. It is inconvenient to take it out. If it is seen, it will be fined and the things will be confiscated. " Subsequently, the reporter visited several businesses that sold crocodiles, lizards and frogs privately. They all said that there was no stock in the store and the goods were delivered after the deposit was paid.

　　Jinlong said that there are many people who have different pets now, but there is no law to follow. At present, China has the List of National Key Protected Wild Animals and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, which make specific provisions on keeping animals. "If it’s not wild, it’s all artificially raised. Isn’t that okay? In foreign countries, wild protected animals cannot be raised, but artificial reproduction is not restricted. " He hopes that there will be relevant judicial interpretations in the future.

　　"bosom friends" get together. There are many transactions in WeChat circle of friends.

　　Nowadays, the purchase and sale of exotic pets by exotic pet players have basically changed from face-to-face trading to online trading. Players are divided into several professional small circles according to the types of pets they keep, and communicate or trade through WeChat group.

　　The reporter saw that in a WeChat group called "Spider Scorpion", players shared their experiences and photos of raising pets such as Okumo and Scorpion. "Look at my rain forest scorpion, black and bright, beautiful." A player sends photos of rain forest scorpions at home to the group. Soon, a player posted a photo of his own black thick-tailed scorpion. In the next three minutes, the players have talked about hundreds of messages.

　　"This WeChat group is like a post bar in previous years. Everyone likes to raise different pets. To be honest, the hobby of raising scorpions is not easy for most people to understand. " Xiao Xue began to raise different pets seven years ago. He has successively raised snakes, scorpions and chameleons, and his favorite is salamanders. He said with some helplessness: "My family can’t accept me to raise these, and my friends around me also think that I am pretending to be cool, but I don’t understand that I really love them, and sometimes I feel quite lonely. However, after entering this WeChat group, I found like-minded friends, and I was very happy to exchange my experiences and feelings together. " He said that in the different pet circle, everyone who plays with fish, coral, poisonous insects and reptiles has a relatively fixed WeChat group. "It is a place where all kinds of players gather together, and players are willing to trade on WeChat."

　　The reporter saw in a WeChat group of frogs and salamander players that some rare salamander varieties on the market were clearly priced in the group. "Rich orange-red, big Asian adult male, good color and well-proportioned, complete nails, the first choice for novices considering trying to raise and breed!" A player posted in the group, all jargon, outsiders can’t understand.

　　Some people buy their favorite varieties at high prices in the group. The reporter saw that, for example, the current hot poison dart frog and gold foil arrow-tailed salamander are all in a "priceless market" situation. "Buying poison dart frogs at a great price", some people in the group publish such purchase information from time to time. Although there are many people discussing it, no one can provide the goods.

　　Trading in a circle of friends is also dangerous. "Friends around me once paid 8,000 yuan to buy one ‘ King chameleon ’ . As soon as the money was transferred, it was immediately blacked out by the other party. " Xiao Xue said that he only trades with familiar people on WeChat now.

　　　　　　 CCTV News:On 25th, Russian and Ukrainian warships confronted each other in the Sea of Azov. Russia confirmed the use of weapons that day and detained three Ukrainian naval vessels "trying to cross the Kerch Strait without Russian permission", and temporarily closed the shipping in the Kerch Strait for "security reasons" — — Arrange tankers, cargo ships and patrol boats to occupy the waterway under the Kerch Strait Bridge to prevent Ukrainian ships from passing; And dispatched a number of fighters to take off and cruise the Kerch Strait.

　　　　　　 However, on 26th, shipping in Kerch Strait has been reopened — — From the pictures taken by Reuters, it can be seen that the lower part of Kerch Strait Bridge is passable.

　　　　　　 Shipping in Kerch Strait has been reopened, but three Ukrainian navy ships and more than 20 people on board are still detained by Russia. On 26th, Ukrainian President poroshenko posted a message on social media, demanding that Russia immediately "release the ship and people" and take measures to ease the situation in the Azov Sea.

　　　　　　 Poroshenko said that Russia violated the norms of international law, and the immediate return of the detained Ukrainian ships and personnel was the first step to ease the situation in the Azov Sea. After posting on social media, Poroshenko made a televised speech and announced that he had signed an order according to the decision of the National Security and Defense Commission of Ukraine, "The whole country of Ukraine will enter ‘ from 9: 00 am local time on November 28th; Wartime state ’ " .

　　　　　　 In addition, poroshenko also proposed a 30-day "state of war" throughout the country. That night, early this morning, Beijing time, the Verkhovna Rada, the parliament of Ukraine, approved the motion. According to the relevant laws of Ukraine, the implementation of "wartime state" will allow the state to take a series of restrictive measures including mobilizing reserve forces and curfew.

　　　　　　 Poroshenko had previously explained that the "wartime state" was implemented to enhance Ukrainian national defense capability in the face of so-called "aggression from Russia" — — The "wartime state" does not mean that Ukraine refuses to use political and diplomatic means to solve the problem.

　　　　　　 Also on the 26th, many senior officials of the Ukrainian government also condemned "Russia’s seizure of Ukrainian ships and personnel". Ukrainian Foreign Minister Kremkin said, "It is not ruled out that Russia will take further steps on land and at sea ‘ Aggression ’ The possibility of ",and" Ukraine will reserve the right to take self-defense actions against Russia. "

　　　　　　 Ukraine accused Russia of "aggression", while Russia regarded Ukraine’s behavior in Kerch Strait as "provocation".

　　　　　　 Russian Foreign Minister Lavrov said on the 26th that the Ukrainian navy’s actions in the Kerch Strait are very dangerous and have already posed a threat to the shipping in this area — — This unilateral provocation of Ukraine violates international law, and there is no doubt that this provocation is allowed by the top leadership of Ukraine. The Russian Foreign Ministry also issued a statement on the 26th, protesting against the attempt of the Ukrainian navy vessel on the 25th to enter the Azov Sea from the Black Sea through the Kerch Strait Bridge.

Russian Foreign Minister Lavrov (data map)

　　　　　　 The Russian Foreign Ministry said that the actions of the Ukrainian navy seriously violated the "rules of peaceful navigation" — — Russia has repeatedly warned the Ukrainian government and its "Western supporters" that blind actions around the Azov Sea and Kerch Strait will only lead to serious consequences, and Russia will resolutely resist any violation of Russia’s sovereignty and security.

　　　　　　 The Russian Foreign Ministry said that the provocation of the Ukrainian 25th was "obviously carefully thought over and planned in advance in terms of location and form", aiming at further aggravating regional tensions and "fabricating excuses" for expanding sanctions against Russia.

　　　　　　 On the 26th, the Russian Foreign Ministry also summoned the Chargé d ‘affaires of the Ukrainian Embassy in Russia.

　　　　　　 Peskov, press secretary of the Russian President, said that it was very dangerous and wrong to implement a "state of war" in Ukraine. Peskov said that Russia needs further analysis of the situation, and Russian President Vladimir Putin is always paying attention to the development of the situation.

　　　　　　 At noon on 26th local time and early this morning in Beijing time, the UN Security Council held an emergency meeting on the friction between Russia and Ukraine in Kerch Strait. U.N. Under-Secretary-General for Political Affairs Dicarlo said that the United Nations is deeply concerned about the current escalation of tension between Russia and Ukraine. She urged Russia and Ukraine to "refrain from any escalation in words and actions" and reminded both sides of the need to contain the situation and prevent unexpected consequences.

　　　　　　 Wu Haitao, China’s Deputy Permanent Representative to the United Nations, said in his speech that all parties involved in the conflict should earnestly implement the Minsk Agreement, adhere to the general direction of political settlement and seek a comprehensive settlement of the Ukrainian issue through dialogue and consultation.

　　This year’s government work report proposes to strengthen the management of solid waste and new pollutants. At the press conference held by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment on the 30th, Ren Yong, Director of the Solid Waste and Chemicals Department of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, explained the treatment of new pollutants.

　　Question: What is a new pollutant?

　　Ren Yong introduced that from the perspective of improving ecological environment quality and environmental risk management, new pollutants refer to those toxic and harmful chemical substances with the characteristics of biotoxicity, environmental persistence and bioaccumulation.

　　At present, there are four kinds of new pollutants that are widely concerned in the world: persistent organic pollutants, endocrine disruptors, antibiotics and microplastics.

　　Second question: where is the new pollutant "new"?

　　Ren Yong said that the reason why new pollutants are called "new" is, on the one hand, relative to familiar conventional pollutants such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides; On the other hand, there are many kinds of new pollutants, and they may continue to increase.

　　Three questions: where is the difficulty in controlling new pollutants?

　　The characteristics of new pollutants determine the difficulty of their treatment. Ren Yong said that the new pollutants have five characteristics: First, the harm is more serious. New pollutants may be harmful to organs, nerves, reproductive development and other aspects, and their production and use are often closely related to human life, which poses great risks to the ecological environment and human health.

　　Second, the risks are relatively hidden. The short-term harm of most new pollutants is not obvious, but once their harm is found, pollutants may have entered the environment through various channels.

　　The third is environmental durability. Most of the new pollutants have environmental persistence and bioaccumulation, which are difficult to degrade in the environment and easy to accumulate in the ecosystem, and can be accumulated in the environment and organisms for a long time.

　　Fourth, the source is extensive. China is a big country in the production and use of chemical substances, with tens of thousands of kinds in production and use, and thousands of new chemical substances are added every year, and their production and consumption may have environmental emissions.

　　Fifth, the governance is complicated. For persistent and bioaccumulative new pollutants, even if they are discharged into the environment at a low dose, they may endanger the environment, biology and human health, which requires a high degree of treatment.

　　He pointed out that new pollutants involve many industries, and the industrial chain is long. It is difficult to research and develop substitutes and alternative technologies, and it is necessary to coordinate multi-sectoral and cross-disciplinary governance and implement life-cycle environmental risk management and control.

　　Four questions: How to control new pollutants?

　　Ren Yong introduced that the general idea of new pollutant control is to "screen" and "evaluate" new pollutants that need to be controlled by screening and evaluating the environmental risks of toxic and harmful chemicals. Then implement the whole process control of key new pollutants, including the source prohibition, process emission reduction and terminal treatment of production and use. The Ministry of Ecology and Environment, together with relevant departments, is studying and formulating an action plan for the treatment of new pollutants, and put forward the overall requirements, main objectives, action measures and safeguard measures for the treatment of new pollutants in China during the 14 th Five-Year Plan period.

　　be relevant

　　The treatment and disposal capacity of medical waste and medical sewage in medium and high risk areas is sufficient.

　　Recently, there has been a cluster COVID-19 epidemic in many places in China. Ren Yong, director of the Department of Solid Waste and Chemicals of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, said on the 30th that from the dispatching situation, the treatment and disposal of medical waste and medical sewage in the middle and high-risk areas in China are stable and orderly, and the treatment and disposal capacity is sufficient.

　　Ren Yong said that the Ministry of Ecology and Environment regularly conducts centralized dispatching for areas with medium and high risk levels. Since the beginning of this year, daily dispatch has been implemented to guide and urge key areas to strictly implement the "two 100%" work requirements, that is, 100% full coverage of environmental supervision and services of medical institutions and facilities, and 100% full implementation of timely and effective collection, treatment and disposal of medical wastes and medical sewage. He said that about 70% of the cities (states) and municipalities directly under the Central Government involved in high-risk areas in China have a daily disposal load rate of medical waste below 50%, and the medical waste involved in the epidemic has been cleared daily. In addition, it has a relatively sufficient coordinated emergency response capability, which can be activated at any time. In terms of medical sewage, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment guides all localities to do a good job in environmental supervision of medical sewage and urban sewage treatment. At present, the sewage treatment capacity of designated hospitals and urban sewage treatment plants meets the demand and operates normally.

　　This group/Xinhua News Agency

　　[car home new car on the market] Recently, Ferrari officially launched the |) Spider model in China.And released it at the same timeThe price starts from 4.998 million yuan.The price will change with different optional configurations. The new car will adopt a hard-top convertible mechanism, which can be opened and closed in 14 seconds, and be equipped with a V8 dual turbocharging and motor hybrid system with a comprehensive power of 1,000 HP. See the table below for detailed models:

　　In terms of appearance, the overall design of the new car is similar to that of the hardtop model, but the difference is only on the convertible roof. At the same time, the tomahawk-style front face with sharp aerodynamic design, coupled with the narrow headlights on both sides, makes the new car as a whole very sci-fi and fighting.

　　The highlight of the convertible version is its convertible structure. The new car adopts a folding hardtop convertible mechanism, which can be opened and closed in only 14 seconds, and the convertible only takes up 100 liters of trunk space when it is put away. The entire rear cover can be opened upward from the B-pillar of the car body, and the roof can be retracted into the "trunk". In addition, the position of the rear engine is not fully enclosed because of the convertible mechanism, but it still adopts a transparent design, which can directly see the inside of the engine compartment.

　　In terms of interior, the new car adopts a more advanced digital cockpit, and the application of the front LCD instrument panel allows more driving information to be intuitively displayed in the driver’s field of vision. The three-spoke multi-function steering wheel also adopts a touch design, which makes the overall atmosphere inside the new car more scientific and technological.

　　In terms of power, the new car is equipped with a hybrid system consisting of a 3.9T twin-turbo V8 engine and three motors, and its comprehensive power reaches 1000 horsepower. The new car also provides four power modes for drivers to choose from. The transmission system is matched with an 8-speed dual-clutch gearbox and equipped with an electrified four-wheel drive system RAC-e, with a pure electric cruising range of 25 kilometers. In addition, the new car’s 0-100km/h acceleration time is only 2.5 seconds, and the 0-200km/h acceleration time is only 7 seconds. (Text/car home graduated)

Chen Xia’s father left two photos of his daughter. 　

　 　 　 　 According to Huaxi Dushi Bao, the mother of Chen Xia, the murdered female anchor, said that because of her real estate program, her daughter often knew many people outside, but she was so lofty that most people simply disdained her. My daughter is also very low-key and won’t get into trouble.

　　　　　　　　My friend Huahua (a pseudonym) thinks that because Chen Xia is a female anchor, this special status makes many people look at her with colored glasses.

In the eyes of colleagues: high-profile life is very complicated.

　　　　　　　　Chen Xia’s colleague said that Chen Xia is very high-profile, likes famous brands, and always tells others that a hairpin costs more than 3,000 yuan, and necklaces and bracelets are all Cartier. Shortly before the incident, Chen Xia took a week’s annual leave, traveled to Shenzhen and Hong Kong, bought some things, went to the office and told her colleagues that she had bought a new skirt, which cost more than 3,000 yuan.

　　　　　　　　A man said that Chen Xia was "famous" because of its complicated life.

　　　　　　　　Cx708, these characters, must imply the fate password. Chen Xia’s good friend Huahua thinks so.　

　　　　　　　　Two years ago, when Chen Xia replaced Beijing Hyundai with a cool red beetle, he chose Chongqing CCX708 as the license plate number. Two years later, around the early morning of July 8th, Chen Xia was brutally killed in her beetle car, and a hole was stabbed in her throat with a knife.

　　　　　　　　Chen Xia, the anchorwoman of Chongqing Yongchuan TV Station, is famous for her beauty and wearing Cartier. But in the end, he was dumped by gangsters in a lonely small ditch in the countryside of a neighboring county.

　　　　　　　　Fate is so embarrassing. The police immediately announced that two gangsters had been arrested for robbery and murder. However, it attracted local people to question: Why kill people cruelly? Why didn’t you rob the car? Why not take away the expensive jewelry?

　　　　　　　　Chen Xia’s mother said that Chen Xia had just received a lot of money from others, about 150,000 to 60,000, which was completely looted by robbers.

　　　　　　　　The identity of the female anchor, coupled with the fact that there is no specific case, makes online rumors fly. At present, there are millions of searches about Chen Xia.

Lost: Daughter who didn’t go home

　　　　　　　　On the evening of July 7, He Jiaming and her husband Chen Changshui watched TV in the living room, waiting for their baby daughter to come home.

　　　　　　　　At this time in the past, my daughter opened the door and called out "Mom", or looked at her father in the living room and asked "Dad, where’s Mom?" But tonight, I haven’t seen my daughter yet.

　　　　　　　　At 11: 09, He Jiaming called his daughter, but the phone didn’t answer.

　 　 　 　 She texted her daughter: "Don’t come back if it’s too late." Daughter Chen Xia has a house in Sunshine Shangcheng, but she usually lives with her parents in the dormitory of the old party school.

　　　　　　　　Eleven minutes later, Chen Xia called and his voice was urgent: "Mom, what’s the matter?" "You sleep, you will be back soon." She may not have seen her mother’s text message.

　　　　　　　　On the morning of the 8th, He Jiaming got up and saw no one in her daughter’s bedroom. She thought her daughter lived there too late last night and wanted to call. Chen Changshui told her not to call, and young people had to sleep late.

　　　　　　　　At 10: 30, Chen Changshui bought a fish, and her daughter likes to eat fish in clear soup. Call the past, the phone is turned off, and the other 133 phone can’t be connected. They thought their daughter would call when she woke up.

　　　　　　　　At 12 noon, He Jiaming called his daughter again, but it still didn’t work, and his heart skipped a trace of ominous. "I’m afraid it’s wrong. I still can’t get through!" The old couple went downstairs, took a taxi to Chen Xia’s home in Sunshine Shangcheng, opened the door and went in. No one was there, the beds were neatly stacked, and the red Beetle car downstairs was gone.　

　　　　　　　　He turned around and ran to the TV station to find the director Yi Tingbing. Yi Tingbing is in a hurry: "We are looking for her, too. It’s her show soon, and no one is there!" "

Murder: the corpse is in a ravine dozens of kilometers away.

　　　　　　　　At 4 o’clock on the 8th, He Jiaming didn’t find Chen Xia and went to the xuan hua police station to report the case.

　　　　　　　 At 7 pm, Yongchuan TV reported the case to Shuanglong Police Station.

　　　　　　　　Dozens of kilometers away, there is a stream in Group 1 of Chepu Village, longshui town, Dazu County. There is a bridge on the stream, which connects Longshui to the main road of Tangxiang Street. The road is open and the sidewalks on both sides are brand-new. Every morning, there are always some people running here.

　　　　　　　　On the morning of the 8 th, it was dawn, and the cleaner Yang Jiamo heard a runner shouting on the bridge: "Come and see, is it a person below?" A white figure was lying in a gully 8 meters below, with its head submerged in the water, like a model for selling clothes. Through careful identification, it is clearly a person! Face sideways, clothes are faded to the chest, and the head is wrapped from behind. My hands were tied with bright tape, and my shoes were gone. I was wearing a skirt floating in the water and wearing jewelry.

　　　　　　　　The police arrived soon. Later, villager Chen Mingliang found that there was a lot of blood on the edge of the road 10 meters away from the bridge head. The blood extended all the way to the bridge, and there was blood on the bridge railing. Judging from the blood, the body was dragged to the bridge and then dropped into the stream from the bridge.

　　　　　　　　While searching for the source of the body, Dazu police found that Yongchuan Chen Xia was missing.

　　　　　　　　On July 9th, the deceased was confirmed to be Chen Xia by comparing photos of relics. Chen Changshui went to the funeral home and found that her daughter’s throat was stabbed with a sharp knife! How cruel!

　　　　　　　　On the same day, on Sanchakou Street, 3 kilometers away, a red beetle car stopped in front of Gate 412 of Yongyi Road. Someone saw a white handbag in the car.

　　　　　　　　For several days, people came to watch this rare car in the local area.

　　　　　　　　At 11 o’clock on the evening of the 11th, the police rushed here to take photos and trailer. The police told the onlookers that a murder case had occurred. It was discovered that there was suspected blood on the rear wheel of the car.

　 　 　 　 On the morning of the 12th, the police took a man to identify the scene. The man was wearing anklets and handcuffs. He was very small and looked like a child.

　　　　　　　　Subsequently, the police announced that two suspects of robbery and murder had been arrested, but the case has not yet been released.

Mystery: rumors caused by identity

　　　　　　　　The identity of Chen Xia’s female anchor, rumors also spread wantonly on the Internet.

　　　　　　　　Chen Xiasheng was born on May 20th, 1982. He finished junior high school in Yongchuan Middle School and was admitted to xuan hua Middle School. After graduation, he was admitted to Tianjin Normal University’s International Women’s College for broadcasting and hosting. In 2005, I officially worked in Yongchuan TV Station and hosted many programs. Before the incident, he was in the "Intercity News" column and concurrently served as a radio host.

　　　　　　　　Later, Chen Chang Shui and his wife spent money to buy their daughter an 82.16m house in Sunshine Shangcheng. My daughter first drove a modern car, but later she wanted to change cars. Chen Changshui bought this red beetle for her.

　　　　　　　　After the incident, He Jiaming burned all her daughter’s things, except for two art photos. "The clothes burned have hundreds of thousands of dollars."

　　　　　　　　It is reported that the two gangsters had been waiting in the local parking lot for many days before the incident. On the night of the incident, they first saw Huahua and were ready to start work, but Huahua was alert and did not start work. After waiting for an hour, I found Chen Xia, so I got on the bus and robbed and killed people. They forced Chen Xia to tell the password of the bank card, then took some money from Yongchuan, and then went to Wanzhou to spend money on a lot of gold, silver and jewelry.　　

　　　　　　　　He Jiaming said that Chen Xia had just received a lot of money from others, about 156,000, which was completely looted by robbers. Some people also questioned why the robbery did not rob the vehicle. Why didn’t you bury the body? On the internet, some people speculate that her death is related to local dignitaries, while others say that the female anchor has a complicated relationship and may be a love killing. He Jiaming denies all these speculations. She feels that her daughter’s feelings with her are like sisters, and she has nothing to say. If there is such a situation, she will definitely disclose it to her.

　　　　　　　　In 2012, Chen Xia got married to her classmate, a divorced man. However, because the other child objected, the two divorced again and made an appointment to remarry after the child graduated from junior high school. After the incident, the former son-in-law also came to Chen Changshui’s house to cry and blame herself for not getting divorced.

　　　　　　　　He Jiaming said that when doing real estate programs, her daughter often knows many people outside, but her daughter is also very low-key and will not get into trouble.

　　　　　　　　However, contrary to what He Jiaming said, Chen Xia’s colleagues said that Chen Xia was very high-profile and liked famous brands, and he always told others that a hairpin cost more than 3,000 yuan, and all necklaces and bracelets were Cartier. Shortly before the incident, Chen Xia took a week’s annual leave, traveled to Shenzhen and Hong Kong, bought some things, went to the office and told her colleagues that she had bought a new skirt, which cost more than 3,000 yuan. A man said that Chen Xia was "famous" because of its complicated life.

　　　　　　　　Huahua has a good relationship with Chen Xia. She hates online criticism very much. "Yes, she is very high-profile. She likes to wear famous brands and go shopping, but she is not bad. "I can only say that she does have a lot of contacts and knows a lot of people, but it’s not like what the Internet says." Huahua thinks that because Chen Xia is a female anchor, this special status makes many people look at her with colored glasses.

Community monitoring took the last picture.

　　　　　　　　Chen Xia was with Cheng Jun before he lost contact.

　　　　　　　　Cheng Jun is a few years older than Chen Xia. She is the wife of a real estate agent in Yongchuan and the dry sister of Chen Xia.

　　　　　　　　Chen Xia has been an anchor in Yongchuan TV station for nearly 10 years, and has hosted many columns such as "Living in Yongchuan", "Rural Hometown" and "Intercity News". As a public figure, he is quite famous in Yongchuan. Hosted the real estate column and met some real estate developers, including Cheng Jun and her husband. Chen and Cheng have been in contact for 10 years and have become dry sisters.

　　　　　　　　Chen Changshui knew Cheng Jun’s father. He used to be the director of Yongchuan Finance Bureau, but later he was sentenced for an accident.　

　　　　　　　　At 1 pm on the 7th, Cheng Jun took the driver, drove to Sunshine Shangcheng, and took Chen Xia to Chongqing. Chen Xia went to Chongqing this time for two purposes: to go to the hospital to see his health and want to have children, but he is in poor health and needs to be supplemented with progesterone; At the same time, go to my cousin who is the boss of a bank and help Cheng Jun to handle a loan of 10 million yuan.

　　　　　　　　When she came back from Chongqing that day, Cheng Jun’s driver sent her and Chen Xia back to Sunshine Shangcheng. The two men walked into the "fat cowboy" at the gate of the community. Fat cowboys belong to high consumption in the local area, and Chen Xia often comes. The waiter said that Chen Xia usually came with colleagues or sisters, and once or twice she was seen coming alone with a strange man. Chen Xia, the host, is beautiful, but he always smiles at the waiters and is kind to people.

　　　　　　　　After eating in the fat cowboy for about an hour, they went to Chen Xia’s home and chatted while watching TV. At about 11: 30 in the evening, Chen Xia and Cheng Jun came out of the community and left the last shadow in the community surveillance video.

　　　　　　　　Two people take the car separately, Cheng Jun to the left and Chen Xia to the right. But Chen Xia lost contact.

　　　　　　　　Chen Xia’s car was parked in the outdoor parking zone in front of the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China on the right side of the community, which is the parking space where friends often park. There is a tree next to the parking space, and behind it is a green shrub half a person’s height, and the line of sight is blurred at night.

　　　　　　　　When Huahua found that the parking space was occupied, it was 10: 30 pm on the 7 th. This red beetle, she knew it was Chen Xia’s. So she parked her car diagonally opposite the beetle. After the car stopped, Huahua saw two men on the street. The man in white was standing by the road, while the man in black was crouching a few meters away. Seeing Huahua driving in, the man in white walked up to the man in black. After saying a few words, the two men came towards Huahua’s car.

　　　　　　　　Huahua felt that the two men were not like good people, so she quickly locked the car and looked up at the man in white for a few seconds. The mother holding the child in the back just opened the back door, and the two men then left.

　　　　　　　　The next day, Huahua saw Chen Xia’s red beetle drive away.　

1905 movie network news On May 26th, after experiencing the fiery "mountain city" of Chongqing, the film creators helandou and Wang Chuyi came to the gentle "water city in the south of the Yangtze River" to start their 10th road show tour.

The film "The Best of Us" is adapted from the youth novel of the same name in Chang ‘an in August, with Huang Bin as the producer, ZhangDiSha as the director, Chen Feiyu and helandou as the leading actors, Kara Wai, Silence Wang and Dong Li as the special actors, Jiang Ziyan as the special introduction and Chuchu Zhou, Fang Wenqiang, Wang Chuyi, Gao Wenfeng and Chen Shuai as the co-stars. The film will be officially released on June 6, and the pre-sale has been fully opened.

The roadshow scene became a realistic version of "Late Autumn Highland". Ten years later, girlfriends still met in idolize together.

As the saying goes, there is heaven in the world and Suzhou and Hangzhou in the world. Suzhou has always been favored by ancient literati because of its geographical location and weather, and their works have also injected a gentle atmosphere into Suzhou. At the roadshow of the film "The Best of Us", the founders also felt the different tenderness of Suzhou. When the students in Suzhou met after the screening, they turned the roadshow scene into a realistic version of "Late Autumn Highland", calling out their friends one after another, wishing their dreams come true and doing what they want to do.

On the spot, when a classmate answered whether there was a "sister flower at the bottom" friendship, he said, "I have a very good friend who is sitting next to me now. We have been in the same class and dormitory from technical secondary school to university, and we often go to idolize together. Once we accidentally saw the news of her favorite star, and she said,’ Let’s go’, without saying anything, I followed her out to idolize. Actually, I don’t like that star, I just accompany her. She often says to me,’ Not everyone can accompany you to the end, but I think I can’, which makes me very moved. " With that, the friend who sat next to her also came to the stage and made an agreement with her that she would still be together in idolize ten years later.

Harvest girlfriends by "policy" and watch "The Best of Us" together as a confession hint.

There were not only close girlfriends at the scene, but also long-distance friends. One of the students said: "My girlfriends were harvested by’ policies’. At that time, we were assigned to a mutual help group in the class. She helped me bring breakfast every day, and I taught her math every day, so I stayed at the same table for three years, so I was particularly touched when I watched the movie, and even I had a similar feeling in’ Late Autumn Highland’. At 9 o’clock in the evening, we went to climb the mountain together and made a wish that we would go to the same city to go to college. Although this wish did not come true, we kept in touch every day, and whoever was unhappy, no matter how late, we would immediately appear in front of each other. "

　 　 　"The Best of Us" is not only a witness of friendship, but also a hint of confession. During the activity, a classmate who just came back from the army also got up the courage to confess to the girl he likes: "Although we are not in the same city, I hope I can get into her city after transferring to another school and tell her that I like you for a long time. I hope you can promise to go to see" The Best of Us "with me." The audience cheered, and the host also said that this was an "advanced" confession, and "The Best of Us" was a film suitable for confession.

At the end of the activity, helandou and Wang Chuyi sang "Courage" with all the students, and the roadshow Suzhou Station of "The Best of Us" ended successfully with romantic songs. Next, the founders will go to Nanjing, Xi ‘an and other places to continue the roadshow tour of "It’s better to be brave than to be bitter".

　　CCTV News:Today is World AIDS Day, and the knowledge about HIV has been popularized by Yang Bilian, chief physician of dermatology department of Oriental Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine.

　　First of all, we need to know the transmission route of HIV. There are four main transmission routes: sexual transmission, intravenous drug injection, mother-to-child transmission, injection or input of contaminated blood products.

　　Secondly, once HIV infection is found, please don’t panic too much. People infected with HIV will not die immediately, and the survival time of AIDS patients varies from person to person. According to the research, the subtype of HIV virus infected, the number of viruses introduced into human body, personal genetic and health differences and medical quality all have an impact on the survival time of AIDS patients.

　　A healthy person generally goes through four stages from HIV infection to death.

　　The first stage is called the initial stage of infection, also called the acute infection period of AIDS, also called the "window period". After infection, a small number of infected people will have flu-like symptoms, such as fever, pharyngitis, rash, lymphadenopathy, etc., and then these symptoms will disappear. These symptoms usually appear within 2-4 weeks after infection, and it takes an average of 6 weeks to 3 months before the infection can be confirmed by blood test.

　　Therefore, if you have recently had dangerous activities and the following symptoms, please be sure to call a doctor: persistent low fever, fatigue, laryngitis of unknown cause, sudden weight loss of more than 10%, headache, nausea, muscle and joint pain, night sweats, persistent diarrhea and rash.

　　The second stage: the incubation period of AIDS. From HIV infection to clinical manifestations, this period of time is called incubation period, which is about several months to several years. At this time, patients are called "HIV carriers". On the surface, most of the infected people are healthy, which is no different from normal people. However, the incubation period is not a static period, and it is not a safe period. The immune system in its body is fighting silently with the virus, and the virus continues to multiply, which has a strong destructive effect.

　　The third stage: pre-AIDS. Pre-AIDS refers to a period of time when AIDS-related symptoms and signs begin to appear after the incubation period until it develops into a typical AIDS. At this time, AIDS patients will have persistent lymphadenopathy, which occurs mostly in the head and neck, armpits, groin, behind the neck, before the ear, behind the ear and under the jaw. The characteristics of pre-AIDS are: lymphadenopathy usually lasts for more than half a year, weight loss is more than 10%, periodic low fever lasts for several months, night sweats and so on.

　　The fourth stage: typical AIDS period. Because the patient’s immune system is seriously damaged, it is prone to all kinds of fatal opportunistic infections and malignant tumors. Lesions can appear in various parts of human body, such as respiratory system, digestive system, nervous system, endocrine system, heart, kidney, eyes, joints, skin and so on. The average survival time of patients with opportunistic infection is 9 months.

　　Therefore, if you are diagnosed with AIDS infection, don’t give up on yourself. You must actively cooperate with the treatment, which can prolong the incubation period and live like a normal person.

　　There is no effective vaccine to prevent AIDS at present, so the most important thing is to take preventive measures.

　　The first is to keep an honest and clean life and maintain one-on-one sexual relations, among which using condoms is one of the most effective measures to prevent sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS in sexual life. In addition, it is recommended that you have a pre-marital physical examination to avoid sexual contact outside marriage.

　　Secondly, develop good living habits, do not take drugs, do not share syringes with others, and do not borrow or share personal items such as toothbrushes, razors and razors.

　　Third, do not transfuse blood and use blood products without authorization, and avoid direct contact with body fluids such as blood, semen and milk of AIDS patients.

　　Finally, strictly prevent mother-to-child transmission. (Reporter Yan Yan)

Gengzi was forced to stay at home in the first month, after reading the online shopping "Information Dissemination and Control in Song Dynasty: A Survey Centered on Rumors".(Fang Yan, Zhonghua Book Company, November 2019; The following quotation is called "Gossip" for short.Try to make a brief comment on this new book from the perspective of Song history.

Since the beginning of the new century, information dissemination and control has become a hot spot in the study of Song history. Professor Deng Xiaonan has presided over many seminars and workshops on information channels in Tang and Song Dynasties and even longer. Of course, as Gossip said, previous studies paid more attention to the dissemination and control of institutional information channels, while "the research on the domination and management of informal information dissemination was neglected", especially the gossip phenomenon involving "people’s assembly behavior, interaction between officials and people, and regional activities" and its "relationship with social, cultural and psychological" lacked detailed analysis and revelation.(47 pages). Gossip is a social phenomenon that exists in any society and any era. Its specific directionality, wide audience, anonymity of communication and variability of communication not only make the hearers feel at a loss, but also make the politicians feel deeply embarrassed. The author describes himself and writes a thesis, hoping to provide valuable historical reference for the understanding, prevention, elimination and control of rumors in today’s society in transition.(48 pages).

Apart from the introduction and conclusion, the book is divided into six chapters. The first chapter discusses the information dissemination and government regulation in the Song Dynasty, and the next five chapters discuss the context of the birth of rumors in the Song Dynasty and its relationship with politics, economy, military affairs, border management and disasters. Perhaps limited by the main title of Information Dissemination and Control in Song Dynasty, the extension of information discussed in the first chapter is a little too broad in terms of reading sense. If we study the functions, communication forms, control and regulation of official information in a relatively in-depth way, we can directly focus on the subtitle "Investigation centered on rumors", which may highlight the main idea.

There is no doubt that rumors and rumors belong to the information category. The author reminds that "there are different definitions of rumors and rumors in academic circles, and there is no clear distinction". The reason why the book uses the neutral concept of "rumors" is: "First, the part of speech is more derogatory when people use rumors today, and second, the rumors are partly related to facts", which is desirable. But it then interprets "gossip" as "an unconfirmed story about people and things spread through private or public channels,inexactInformation "(8 pages, highlighted in bold)I think that the word "inaccurate" is not accurate, just as there is the same problem in judging the "inaccurate" of rumors, so it should be changed to "I don’t know the exact", which is almost in line with the principle of neutral definition. This paper will also discuss the rumors and political responses of the Song Dynasty discussed in the book under the principle of neutrality.

one

One of the deepest impressions of Gossip is the rich and detailed collection of historical facts, which is closely related to the fact that the number of historical materials handed down from ancient times in the Song Dynasty almost exceeded the sum of its previous documents because of the popularity of printing. However, the strength and frequency of rumors in an era must have a subtle interaction with social history. Investigating the rumors in the Song Dynasty, we should bring the social transformation between the Tang and Song Dynasties into our field of vision. This transformation directly or indirectly formed the historical background of rumors in Song Dynasty in many aspects, and showed new characteristics of the times in the generation subject, communication mode and interaction form of rumors.

First of all, the Song Dynasty recognized that "the four are the common people’s businesses".("Jiading Chicheng Zhi Tiantai Order Zheng Zhidao’s Seven Stories")There is a trend of relatively equal among all social strata. The profound changes in class structure have led to the gradual equalization of the right to speak, including rumors. Compared with the autocratic dynasties before and after it, the public opinion environment and ideological control in the Song Dynasty are relatively relaxed (of course, the obvious differences in different periods should also be distinguished). Although the bureaucratic intelligentsia, as the backbone of society and the imperial elite, is still the main class leading public opinion, farmers, craftsmen and businessmen have the right to speak in law compared with the previous generation, and may also become one of the main bodies of rumors, transforming their likes and dislikes into rumors and spreading them to the world in due course. Compared with the previous generation, the rumors often focused on the upper level of the ruling and opposition parties, and the political rumors reflecting the demands of the lower level generally surfaced only when the society changed greatly. The rumors in the Song Dynasty highlighted the various aspects of their daily society and had more social and historical value.

Secondly, the society in Song Dynasty showed unprecedented mobility. In the fields of agriculture, handicrafts and commerce, workers from all walks of life establish the labor relationship between employers and employees through contracts, and they all have the right to choose and stay independently after the expiration; The class mobility between scholars, peasants, industry and commerce is also a social phenomenon from time to time. The appointment system drives national officials to go to their posts, or report to the capital and serve on the road. The scientific research system regularly promotes the directional flow of students and scholars, and the prosperity of urban economy and the active business behavior lead to the frequent flow of traders. In the pre-modern traditional society, the unprecedented strengthening of this kind of social mobility has brought an impact on the generation frequency and spread rate of rumors.

Thirdly, with the continuous development of social economy, rumors in the Song Dynasty have clearly highlighted the characteristics of the times in terms of diffusion channels and means. With the popularity of printing, rumors spread widely by printing paper media. For example, unofficial history’s novels published by bookshops were greatly favored by the government and people in the ruling and opposition, and folk tabloids imitating Dibao also tried printing methods. With the help of urban economy and civic culture, Washe Goulan, Teahouses and Restaurants are the exchange platforms for gossip from all directions, and the civic literature and art such as speaking, nonsense, singing, zaju, movies and other performances on these platforms have also become the deduction means and communication channels of gossip. In crowded city gate thoroughfares and hostels where people flow, anonymous posts and anonymous topic walls are also common forms of rumors.

Finally, as the central plains regime, the Song Dynasty has always faced the severe situation of the strong enemy in the north. In the early Northern Song Dynasty, there were Song Liao wars, Song Xia wars in the middle period, Yanshan Battle and Song Jin wars in the late period, and so on. And the whole Southern Song Dynasty was under the cloud of wartime system. The sharp confrontation between the North and the South and the bitter national war have left the subjects in the ruling and opposition parties in a state of anxiety, perplexity and even fear and panic for a long time. And the anxious situation and anxious mentality are the most suitable hotbeds for rumors to breed. As the fourth chapter of "Gossip" shows, the number of military rumors is one of the characteristics of the Song Dynasty which is different from other dynasties.

The characteristics of the times of rumors in the Song Dynasty put forward a new topic for the rulers to govern the country, and Gossip fully revealed its success and failure.

two

In terms of political civilization, the Song Dynasty did make progress compared with the previous generation, but after all, it was still a monarchy bureaucracy. When evaluating its relatively relaxed public opinion environment, we should not only grasp the scale, but also distinguish the differences of political ecology in different periods, especially when investigating the relationship between rumors and politics in the Song Dynasty. In Song Dynasty, political rumors were generally dealt with by means of persuasion, utilization and control.

Let’s talk about grooming first. Under the monarchical bureaucracy, the supreme ruler generally hopes to master accurate and comprehensive information resources in time, so as to effectively operate the ruling machine and avoid breeding unfavorable rumors. The ways of obtaining information resources in Song Dynasty can be divided into normal channels and abnormal channels. The normal channel is that bureaucrats at all levels declare relevant information. However, as the first accountable person for information declaration, officials at all levels tend to weaken or even block the information feedback in normal channels for official career considerations such as whitewashing peace, catering to superiors, maintaining political achievements and shirking responsibility. "Gossip" takes the disaster as an example, and divides the local officials’ misrepresentation of the disaster into common forms such as delaying reporting, false reporting, concealing, and not reporting.(142 pages). These types of false declarations are not only limited to disaster response, but also the normal state of bureaucracy in any authoritarian regime. In Song Dynasty, another set of procedures was designed on abnormal channels, in order to avoid the obstruction and congestion of normal channels, which eventually led to rumors confusing people and endangering political security. In the Song Dynasty, officials and civilians were allowed to have the right to direct and cross-sue on the premise that the reasons were sufficient and the information was true. Direct complaints are divided into inviting the imperial coach (that is, blocking the emperor’s driving to sue the imperial court), climbing the drums (going to the Jingshi Dengwen Drum Academy and Dengwen Inspection Institute to complain about drums) and sending a letter (that is, sending a report letter); Leapfrogging means allowing leapfrog complaints outside the routine of step-by-step appeals.(pages 143-146). In terms of system regulations, although the abnormal channel reserves the right to appeal to the people who have been wronged, according to historical data, although there are occasional cases, it is not appropriate to exaggerate its effectiveness. The strategy of dealing with rumors in Song Dynasty depends on two points. First, the advantages and disadvantages of the official management of specific officials. Being virtuous, the information feedback from normal channels is basically timely and effective; On the other hand, normal channels will be useless. The second is the political ecology in different periods. If we take the Northern Song Dynasty as an example, during the period of Qingli and Jiayou in Song Renzong where the political ecology was relatively clear (1041-1063), the feedback of gossip information obviously could not be compared with the period of Zhenghe and Xuanhe in Song Huizong (1111-1125).

Second, use. In the situation that information is not transparent and open, rumors have two sides. On the one hand, in view of the fact that gossip often becomes the public’s form of expressing attitude, evaluation and appeal, the ruling group knows that "if the people have it, the objections will disappear" when they are awake.(Su Zhe’s "Luan Cheng Ji San Lun Respectively Evil and Righteousness Zazi")So as to listen to rumors, master public opinion, examine people’s hearts and improve politics. While perfecting the official information declaration system, the Taiwan remonstrator who was chartered to be responsible for supervision in Song Dynasty had the right to "get wind of things", which was the intention. The so-called "getting wind of it" not only refers to allowing supervisory officials to choose rumors as the basis for rectifying disintegration, but also encourages them to spread rumors to the center, "hoping to widely adopt them to make up for the lack of government."("Song Shi Lu Hui Biography"). My book "Research on the System of Taiwan remonstrance in Song Dynasty" once discussed the pros and cons of hearsay, and the key still depends on whether the political ecology is clear or not. On the other hand, gossip is always used as a political tactic to induce public sentiment, will and inclination, so as to blend and sell their political premeditated. Song Taizu instigated the fabrication of political rumors such as "Being the Emperor", "Khitan’s invasion" and "It’s going to get worse every day" for the sake of the yellow robe, and won the Zhao family’s world in one fell swoop with the Chen Qiao mutiny. In order to strengthen the legitimacy of the throne, Song Zhenzong made a fuss about the gobbledygook event for fourteen years, so that "once the monarch and his subjects were crazy", as the author said, "it was actually a premeditated, prepared, carefully planned and directed gossip farce by the monarch and his subjects"(page 419).

Let’s talk about control. Gossip quoted David Butler, a British scholar, as saying, "No government, democratic or authoritarian, can allow the mass media to develop freely without some form of regulation or restriction."(Page 2)It goes without saying that the control of the Song Dynasty was of course autocratic. Throughout the Song Dynasty, divination, astronomical pictures and other folk printed materials were all banned, and if there were any printing plates and carved stones, they were all recovered, which was "abandoned by officials"; In the later period of Song Huizong, similar regulations also applied to the secret association of "Zoroastrianism people reading scriptures and painting Buddha statues" (pages 131-133). When Qin Gui’s dictatorship stifled dissent for the Shaoxing system, it banned private history by state power, falsely calling it "the theory of evil seeking falsehood", and the dictatorship system even suppressed public opinion and eliminated rumors in a perverse way.(See the book "Self-shaping and Other-shaping of the image of Qin Gui’s dictatorship in Nandu").

In the Song Dynasty, the official mansion newspaper must be pre-examined before it is published, and the right to publish public information is firmly grasped. Not only the political secrets of the dynasty, including the discussion of current politics and matters related to disasters, but all "information that is regarded as sensitive or negative by the rulers is strictly restricted by the government."(pages 128-129). The control of official mansion newspapers in Song Dynasty was quite effective, but it was a headache for folk tabloids. Most of the tabloids reported things that were not reported by the local government, and the local officials "got it from the leakage of the provincial hospital or from the news of the market". Every day, a piece of paper was published, and it was reported far and near, and even openly peddled around the street. Tabloid news, re-inspection afterwards, "maybe or not". Since the reign of Filial Piety in the Southern Song Dynasty, the court has repeatedly awarded awards and strictly banned it, but in the end of the Song Dynasty, tabloids were banned. Regardless of the government and the people, "tabloids are the first, and newspapers in the DPRK are the norm."(pages 134-136). From this, we can infer two points: first, the strictly filtered Dibao (that is, Chaobao) is far from meeting the daily information needs of bureaucrats and scholars, which shows that although the public opinion in Song Dynasty is loose, the public information publishing mechanism is still not perfect and transparent; Secondly, the tabloid information is mixed with truth and falsehood, but it has become one of the most important information sources outside legal channels. Of course, these are the main reasons for the repeated prohibition of gossip tabloids. On the other hand, it also shows that the autocratic centralization of power in the Song Dynasty still belongs to the pre-modern form, and has not yet reached the point where it is omnipotent.

three

It is generally believed in the academic circles that with the formation of the scholar-bureaucrat class and the rise of its conscious consciousness, combined with the leading thought of "taking the world as its own duty" of Neo-Confucianism, a kind of "public discussion" has been formed in the Song Dynasty, which plays an active role in restricting imperial power and upholding righteousness in political life. Only in this way, bureaucratic scholar-officials confidently warned the emperor: "public discussion is the spirit of the country."("Memorials of Celebrities in Past Dynasties", volume 152, and Mou Zicai’s "Cuozi due to Disasters").

Gossip divides the public discussion into two categories, namely, spreading the public discussion among scholars and spreading the public discussion at the bottom of the people, which not only "embodies the public opinion and people’s desire", but also adopts oral communication.(105 pages). Combined with the history of the Song Dynasty, public discussion is also a special form of gossip. In my opinion, it has the following characteristics. First, no matter what kind of public discussion, on the one hand, it may absorb the previous gossip elements, on the other hand, it may become the gossip content after that. Secondly, the boundary between the two kinds of public discussion is not absolutely closed. There are many examples in the Song Dynasty, such as the reasonable integration of the factors of public discussion in the public discussion and the grounded reproduction of the connotation of the public discussion. Thirdly, in the normal period of political ecology, the people’s public discussion can also be presented to the monarch through the scholar-officials and bureaucrats as an information reference for the centralized regime to govern the country; In the period of deteriorating political ecology, even if the scholar-officials discussed it, it was impossible to reach the court, and they were denounced as demagogues by authoritarian or political opponents. Fourthly, in the political history of the Song Dynasty, there was a substitution phenomenon between the strong and weak curves of the two kinds of public consultation: during the period of political clarity, the effective peak of the public consultation increased, while the effective peak of the public consultation decreased; However, during the period of political ecological reversal, the scholar-bureaucrat discussion gradually disappeared, but the people’s discussion took its place. In the 12th year of Chunyou in the Southern Song Dynasty (1252), Mou Zicai reminded Song Lizong that "there is a way in the world, and public discussion is in the court; There is no way in the world, and public discussion is in the grass. "("Memorials of Celebrities in Past Dynasties", volume 312, "On the five things of yin turbidity")It is this phenomenon that is revealed.

"Gossip" classifies people’s discussion as the folk communication of information and divides it into verbal communication and non-verbal communication (non-verbal communication has little to do with people’s discussion, so there is no theory). Under verbal communication, it is divided into three forms: folk literature and art, excellent words and music and folk proverbs.(pages 109-121). In fact, excellent words and music also belong to the category of folk literature and art, so the modes of public discussion are mainly folk literature and folk proverbs. Relatively speaking, the ballads and proverbs handed down from ancient times in the Song Dynasty are far richer than folk literature and art, and the results in the study of rumors as a public discussion are also more fruitful. This research, besides Gossip, is also worth mentioning: Folk Songs and Social Studies in the Song Dynasty.(Zhao Yaodan, China Social Sciences Press, December 2015, hereinafter referred to as "Folk Proverbs"). Both books regard political ballads and proverbs as a special form of political rumors and public discussion, and explore their interactive relationship with politics in Song Dynasty.

Shortly after Song Huizong ascended the throne, he replaced his former central control mode with the court centralization mode, which was relatively balanced in power and operated effectively, but his political rule was "disastrous"(Liu Zijian’s "China Turning to the Inner" on page 72). In order to strengthen the centralized mode of Song Huizong Group, the bureaucratic elite of the scholar-officials was expelled from the DPRK. At the latest, the bureaucratic scholar-officials who dared to remonstrate even the information channels of normal political participation existed in name only, let alone the discussion of the scholar-officials. In contrast, as a public discussion, the current political ballads and proverbs are unprecedentedly active, commenting on the current situation with the special form of political rumors and attacking the state affairs.

In the first year of Zhenghe (1111), Cai Jing was reunited with Tong Guan, and the proverb "Breaking the barrel (child) and splashing the food (Cai) is a good world on earth" spread all over the world, expressing the public’s worry about "two people dying in chaos". In the third year of Zhenghe, He Zhizhong fawned on Cai Jing, and at the same time, Gao Qiu was promoted to the position of temple commander. Nursery rhymes in Beijing sang: "Kill Artemisia, cut vegetables, and eat lamb lotus leaves." "Artemisia" refers to Tong Guan, while "Cai" still refers to Cai Jing. "Lamb" is homophonic for "Senior Two" (that is, Gao Qiu, the second child of the Gaos), and "Lotus Leaf" refers to He Zhizhong. Verbs such as "hit", "splash", "kill", "cut" and "eat" in ballads and proverbs are clearly defined in love and hate, but they still show irony in homophonic banter.

In the first year of Xuanhe (1119), Wang Fu and Cai Jing merged, and the political affairs were even dirtier. "Selling officials and titles, there is a price", and the folk proverb directly denounced: "Three thousand suo, straight secret cabinet; Five hundred penetration, Zhuo tong sentence "("Old News of Qu Yan"). According to Notes of the Old Learning Temple, the following year, there were "dozens of people wearing gold belts, all of whom were slaves of Zhu’s family" at the guest table in Zhizhou, Hangzhou, and a folk song sang: "Gold belts and silver belts are bad for Zhu’s family in Zhao’s world." The last sentence seems to be a pity for the "Zhao world", but I don’t know that Zhu CuO’s Daxing Hua Shigang pushed against Fang La and pursued the imperial script of Zhao’s regime. In the fifth year of Xuanhe, Song Huizong celebrated by "recovering" Yanshan Mountain, and two folk songs were sung in the capital. One cloud: "If you are happy, you must start;" Sorrow is sorrow, not long. Xin is Xin, and I will stay together. If you are afraid, you will be afraid, and people will break the fight. " The second cloud says, "It’s full of flowers outside, but empty inside. But look at February next year, and there is no master in the city. " Political proverbs express a clear negative public opinion: not only does Yanjing, which started by luck, "not last long", but even Tokyo will "not see the master" next year. As the "Gossip" said: "The hollowed-out inner part of the Song Dynasty can not be concealed by the superficial prosperity."(52 pages)

At the beginning of the first year of Jingkang (1126), Jin Jun Enemy at the Gates and Song Qinzong, who had just acceded to the throne, repeatedly begged for a letter. However, after the situation of Jinbing’s withdrawal from the north eased, they put the defense against gold in Hedong and other places behind them, ignoring the possibility that Jin Shuai Yan Hong Zongwang (the second prince) might invade the south again, but they were eager to establish a prince, and at the same time investigated Chen Dong, the leader of the "Six Thieves", who had fallen into trouble before, and soon spread in Tokyo. Regardless of the second prince, he manages the prince. " There is a proverb that thunders against the court’s "repressors" and suppresses the space of speech: "The city gate is closed, and the road is open; The city gate is open and the road is closed. " The annual money of Song Huizong Dynasty continued to circulate after the reform of Jingkang, but in Jingkang and Jianyan (1126-1130), Qianzhou refused to use the annual money of Xuanhe and Zhenghe, which was called "No money for the emperor" (volume 2 of Chicken Ribs), and directly linked the annual money of Huizong with "No money for the emperor" and nailed Song Huizong to "No money for the emperor".

In the Northern Song Dynasty, there was a period of peace, in which "playing folk songs received holy knowledge". No matter whether they were ordered to be sent out or served in counties, officials had the responsibility to choose folk songs and be sympathetic to public feelings. The so-called "folk songs were collected everywhere, and the people were eager for them." The machine of serving the country is dense, and it is a quiet scene for singing. "(Wang Yucheng’s "Giving an Interview to the Special Envoy"); "Make Yin beg the people, and listen to the road rumors."(Xu Guangyuan’s "He Xu Lingnan New Road Middle"). When it came to politics and propaganda, the political ecology under Song Huizong was extremely deteriorated, and the way of speaking was blocked and the righteousness was not good. "Scholars knew the court’s will and stopped writing."("Three Dynasties North League" Volume 96). As a public discussion, even though political proverbs are close at hand in Beijing, the supreme ruling group either turns a deaf ear or turns a deaf ear.

Compared with the Song Dynasty, "when the ancestors were in their prime, they raised their morale with generosity."("Zhen Wenzhong’s Collection of Official Documents, Wuchen went to the temple in April to play two")Song Huizong Group is a complete failure in dealing with public discussion and political rumors. The profound lesson and unfortunate outcome of this change, as Liu Zijian, a famous scholar of Song history, pointed out: All this was due to "Huizong began to abuse the imperial power, which eventually led to the tragic demise of the Northern Song Dynasty."("China turned to the inside" on page 72).

This article was first published in WeChat official account, Research Information of Song History, and was forwarded with the authorization of the author.

　　Cctv newsOn October 14th, the State Post Bureau held a regular press conference in the fourth quarter of 2021 to introduce the situation of building a modern postal industry suitable for a well-off society. Hou Yanbo, spokesperson of the State Post Bureau and deputy director of the office (presiding over the work), pointed out that up to now, the characteristics of rapid development and sustainable development of the postal industry have been further highlighted, the equalization of universal postal services has basically been realized, and the industry strength, economic and social support, and supply capacity have been significantly improved; With the implementation of overseas layout planning, the international express delivery business volume continues to grow; The continuous development of industry culture, the gradual optimization of talent structure, and the professional development of industry team mark the completion of modern postal industry suitable for well-off society.

　　Hou Yanbo said that in the past eight years, the scale of the industry has continued to expand, achieving sustained, healthy and rapid development. In 2020, the annual postal business income (excluding the direct business income of the Postal Savings Bank) reached 1,103.78 billion yuan, more than three times that of 2010; The revenue of express delivery business was 879.54 billion yuan, 15 times that of 2010. The daily average number of postal service users is close to 700 million, which has become an important driving force to promote consumption upgrading and an important link to strengthen industrial ties. The postal express infrastructure has been continuously improved, and the people’s postal service level has been comprehensively improved. Realize the full coverage of postal business places in towns and villages, and the coverage rate of express delivery outlets in towns and villages reaches 98%. All the more than 500,000 villages in China have achieved direct postal service, and postal parcels under 5kg in rural areas have been delivered to villages. The general postal service satisfaction showed a steady upward trend, and the overall express service satisfaction showed a continuous upward trend. Enterprise cultivation has leapt to a new level, and its international operation ability has been continuously enhanced. China Post Group Co., Ltd. ranks steadily in the top 500 in the world, ranking second in the world in terms of revenue scale and profit scale. The industry has cultivated three large-scale express delivery enterprises or enterprise groups with annual business income exceeding 100 billion yuan, four large-scale express delivery enterprises or enterprise groups with annual business income exceeding 50 billion yuan, and eight express delivery enterprises have been successfully restructured and listed. The international network of postal express delivery enterprises covers more than 70 countries and regions, reaching more than 220 countries and regions around the world. Socialist core values are deeply rooted in people’s hearts, and cultural soft power has been significantly enhanced. Vigorously cultivate advanced models,Cultivate a number of advanced models represented by Medog Ji and Yong Wang. Continue to carry out the "warm bee action" of caring for couriers. Actively use this "national business card" of stamps. Since 2012, 280 sets of 877 special stamps have been issued. The "four modernizations" of the industry have basically been realized, and significant progress has been made in the innovative development strategy. Fast delivery service, diversified service functions, mechanized automation of internal operations and informatization of production organizations have basically been realized. More than 25,000 people passed the title evaluation of express delivery engineers and technicians, including over 3,000 intermediate and senior titles.

　　Ma Xulin, director of the General Service Department of the State Post Bureau, said at the press conference that the basic realization of the equalization of universal postal services is an important part of building a modern postal industry that is suitable for a well-off society. Since the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan", the State Post Bureau has successively organized and implemented "setting up offices in villages and towns", "postal service in every village" and postal universal service infrastructure construction projects in western and rural areas. The postal universal service infrastructure in China has been further consolidated, the service network has been further improved, and the service capacity has been further enhanced. A postal universal service system covering urban and rural areas, with perfect functions and universal benefits has basically been formed, and the level of equalization of postal universal service has been significantly improved. During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, 8,440 blank post offices in towns and villages were completed to achieve full coverage of towns and villages with universal postal service business premises. During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, in September 2019, all the established villages in the country were directly postal. The index of universal postal service equalization has steadily increased, from 76.6 in 2012 to 84.4 in 2020. The gap between urban and rural areas and between the eastern, central and western regions has been narrowing, which basically meets the postal needs of the broad masses of the people. During the "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan" period, the State Post Bureau will improve the postal service capacity and level by improving the postal network, improving the quality of postal services, and supporting postal enterprises to become stronger, better and bigger.Promote the postal service to a new level. In order to build a strong backbone network, more than 10 international and domestic mail processing centers will be supported to build a postal backbone network with reasonable layout, optimized structure and efficient operation. To improve the rural network, we will further improve the three-level postal delivery service system in counties and villages, support the open sharing of postal networks, promote the cooperation of postal express delivery enterprises in the countryside and villages, and help the two-way circulation of industrial products and agricultural products in urban and rural areas.

　　Lin Hu, deputy director of the Market Supervision Department of the State Post Bureau, pointed out that in the past 10 years, the improvement of express delivery service capacity and level is mainly reflected in three aspects. First, the network layout is more optimized and the coverage is wider. The number of express outlets increased from 89,000 to 224,000; The service network in urban areas has been continuously encrypted, the delivery capacity has been continuously improved, and the rural service network has been accelerated; The annual per capita express usage increased from 4.2 to 59; Express delivery companies are "going out to sea" in succession, and their overseas service capabilities are also constantly increasing. Second, the product system is richer and the service category is more perfect. There are time-limited products such as the same day, the next morning, the next day and the next day, as well as international express delivery, cold chain, warehousing services, supply chain and other businesses. At the same time, in the enterprise market segment, there are enterprises specializing in international business and enterprises specializing in terminal delivery. Third, the service time limit was significantly shortened and the service satisfaction was significantly improved. In 2020, the time limit of express delivery service in key cities in China will be 58.23 hours, and the 72-hour punctuality rate will be 77.11%. Since 2012, the overall satisfaction of express delivery service has shown a continuous upward trend, reaching 76.7 points in 2020, 5 points higher than that in 2012, and staying above 75 points for four consecutive years. The effective complaint rate of express delivery service showed a downward trend, from 5.4 per million in 2012 to 0.22 per million. Lin Hu said that in recent years, the application of science and technology in the postal industry has advanced by leaps and bounds, and new technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, Internet of Things, cloud computing, blockchain and Beidou navigation have been widely used.Boosting the transformation of the industry from labor-intensive to technology-intensive, the postal industry’s processing capacity has been significantly improved, and the accuracy, reliability and safety of transshipment have been effectively guaranteed. Scientific and technological innovation has become the key support for the high-quality development of postal industry and the construction of a postal power, and has become an important engine to accelerate the transformation and upgrading of the industry, improve quality and efficiency.

　　Hou Yanbo emphasized that the successful completion of the goal of building a modern postal industry suited to a well-off society benefited from the "four persistences", namely, always adhering to the leadership of the Party, always adhering to the people as the center, always adhering to development as the top priority, and always adhering to the system concept. In the next step, the postal industry will further strengthen the "four consciousnesses", strengthen the "four self-confidences", achieve the "two maintenances", completely, accurately and comprehensively implement the new development concept, and follow the working idea of "serving all fields, activating all factors, creating double highlands and smooth double cycles", focusing on high-quality development and high-efficiency governance, deepening the structural reform of the supply side, and improving the adaptability of the industry supply system to demand.

Three, job responsibilities and qualifications

(A) capacity planning and management

Job responsibilities:

1. To be responsible for summarizing the present situation of overall planning ability, analyzing the gap and development direction of overall planning ability, putting forward the demand for overall planning ability, formulating the overall planning of overall planning ability;

2. Responsible for organizing the planning of field capacity building according to the top-level strategic planning and business field development planning of the Institute;

3. Be responsible for organizing the planning and formulation of the living area park according to Beijing’s planning and people’s livelihood needs;

4. Be responsible for overall planning according to the hospital’s capacity, formulate regional planning for overall construction, and put forward construction plans in combination with the regional planning orientation of the hospital.

Qualifications:

1 to understand and master the policies, regulations, rules and regulations or standards of the state and superior capacity planning management, military fixed assets investment project management; Understand the relevant planning requirements of local governments;

2 master the basic knowledge of overall planning or project management of military fixed assets investment projects, and understand the basic knowledge of scientific research and production;

3. Have the same or similar work experience and experience in overall planning and management or military fixed assets investment projects.

(B) Intelligent algorithm design

Job responsibilities:

1. Responsible for the application research and development of game confrontation, cluster collaboration, deep reinforcement learning, multi-agent reinforcement learning and other technical directions;

2. Be responsible for the localization transformation of the classic intelligent algorithms in the industry to realize the transformation and application in the aerospace scene;

3. Responsible for modeling, training, testing and integration of intelligent algorithm model of spacecraft.

Qualifications:

1. Aerospace science and technology, control science and engineering, computer science and technology and other related majors;

2. Familiar with the commonly used algorithms of reinforcement learning, machine learning and deep learning, and master the common deep learning framework;

3. Have the ability to realize professional programming and master at least one programming language;

4. Including but not limited to working experience in using reinforcement learning, imitation learning, multi-agent reinforcement learning and other technologies to solve practical problems in the industry, and experience in game AI development is preferred;

5. It is preferred to publish papers in top conferences of artificial intelligence or journals at the same level.

(3) Overall design

Job responsibilities:

1. Be responsible for the demonstration and design of the overall scheme of the aircraft, and carry out innovative research on the overall design concept and method;

2. Take the lead in the theoretical and methodological research and experimental integration verification of aircraft overall design and optimization;

3. Responsible for the research work related to aircraft standards and specifications and quantitative characterization system;

4. Be responsible for the scheme design of weapon system, launching system and ground system and the research on the theory and method of balanced optimization design of weapon system;

5. Take the lead in the research of integrated design method, scheme demonstration and simulation integration verification of launch platform;

6. Take the lead in the research and simulation verification of system efficiency evaluation method, system efficiency balance optimization method, evaluation index system construction, evaluation software integrated development and testing.

Qualifications:

1. Aerospace science and technology, aerospace propulsion theory and engineering, armament science and technology and other related majors;

2. Understand the technical development trends in related fields at home and abroad, master the overall design of aircraft, optimize the design process and methods, and skillfully carry out the overall scheme demonstration, system performance parameter characterization and method improvement;

3. Be familiar with the theory and method of uncertainty design, model integration and effectiveness evaluation, and be able to carry out research and application for specific problems;

4. Have relevant work experience and certain engineering practice experience, and have professional foundations such as system simulation and simulation platform application is preferred;

5. Master the software and hardware tools required for job responsibilities, and have good communication, coordination and organizational planning skills.

(4) Structural mechanism and separation design

Job responsibilities:

1. Be responsible for the research of structural probability design technology, basic theory and design method of structure and separation;

2. Responsible for structure, mechanism, separation scheme demonstration, scheme design, simulation analysis, product development and test;

3. Be responsible for the coordination and matching of structures, mechanisms, separated products and aircraft electrical interfaces;

4 responsible for the structure, organization, separation of product task book, optimization and improvement, product acceptance and other work;

5. Responsible for the preparation of relevant demonstration reports, design documents, test plans and other documents, and responsible for the technical coordination, communication and solution of related products.

Qualifications:

1. Major in aircraft design, mechanical design, mechatronics engineering, fluid mechanics, etc.

2. Have a solid mechanical design foundation and rich structural mechanics analysis ability, and have experience in aerospace product structure, separation design and mechanical analysis;

3. Skillfully use three-dimensional modeling software to design structural products, skillfully use finite element analysis software to carry out structural mechanics analysis, and skillfully use dynamic analysis software to carry out structural kinematics and dynamics simulation;

4. Have relevant work experience and certain engineering practice experience.

(5) Aerodynamic heat and thermal environment design

Job responsibilities:

1. Responsible for aerodynamic layout design, aerodynamic characteristics calculation, aerodynamic thermal environment analysis and simulation prediction of aircraft;

2. Responsible for the preparation, improvement and result analysis of aerodynamic characteristics and thermal environment related test task book;

3. Be responsible for tracking and studying the cutting-edge technology of this major, and be responsible for the declaration and technical research of related topics.

Qualifications:

1. Major in aerodynamics, engineering thermophysics, fluid mechanics, etc.

2. Have the frontier vision of new concept aerodynamic layout design, understand the development context of various aircraft, and master the design concept of typical aircraft;

3. Master the basic theories and methods of computational fluid dynamics and experimental aerodynamics, and have relevant experience in CFD solver development;

4. Master heat transfer and its numerical solution, master the mainstream computational fluid dynamics software and the use of three-dimensional modeling software;

5. Have relevant work experience and certain engineering practice experience.

(6) Thermal protection and thermal structure design

Job responsibilities:

1. Be responsible for the demonstration of thermal protection and thermal structure scheme of aircraft, detailed design, factory drawing and product acceptance;

2. Responsible for putting forward the technical requirements of products involved in thermal protection and thermal structure components, and controlling the technical status of products;

3. Responsible for the production of aircraft thermal protection and thermal structure parts, and responsible for the assembly, inspection and evaluation of thermal protection system components and system level;

4. Responsible for all kinds of test verification, analysis and evaluation of thermal protection system, and carry out professional construction such as key technical research and software development of thermal analysis and evaluation.

Qualifications:

1. Have a solid foundation in mechanics and structural design, and have relevant learning and research experience in composite materials science, composite material structural design, engineering thermophysics, etc.

2. Basically master the development ideas of aircraft thermal protection system, understand the research progress of thermal insulation materials at home and abroad, and master the design process and methods, research basis and test assessment methods of typical thermal protection schemes;

3. Proficient in using 3D modeling and analysis CAD/CAE software, and skilled in drawing and simulation analysis.

(7) Ballistic, Guidance and Attitude Control Design

Job responsibilities:

1. Be responsible for the overall design of trajectory, guidance and attitude control, and carry out scheme demonstration, design, simulation and verification;

2. Be responsible for the research on the theory and method of multi-disciplinary integrated design, such as trajectory, guidance and attitude control;

3. Be responsible for the compilation of standards and specifications for control integration design methods and the research on basic theoretical issues.

Qualifications:

1. Aerospace science and technology, control science and engineering, mechanics and other related majors;

2. Have the theoretical basis of flight mechanics, automatic control principle, optimal control and inertial navigation, master the optimal design method of control law and the analysis method of control stability, and be skilled in the selection, design and simulation analysis of control methods;

3. Familiar with the development methods and processes of commonly used software such as MATLAB and C/C++;

4. Have relevant work experience and certain engineering practice experience.

(VIII) Design of load and mechanical environment

Job responsibilities:

1. Responsible for the design, simulation and test verification of load and mechanical environment;

2. Responsible for technical development planning and technical research of load and mechanical environment specialty.

Qualifications:

1. Major in aircraft design, structural mechanics and solid mechanics;

2. Master the use of finite element analysis software and three-dimensional modeling software, and understand heat transfer, fluid mechanics and other related knowledge;

3. Have relevant work experience and certain engineering practice experience.

(9) Electrical design

Job responsibilities:

1. Responsible for intelligent system architecture design, electrical system overall scheme design, integrated electronic system design, interface design between functional products, communication protocol design, digital-analog electrical hardware circuit design, and coordinate the interfaces between systems;

2. Be responsible for conducting electrical matching test, ignition test, electromagnetic compatibility test and comprehensive electronic test;

3. Responsible for the research and simulation verification of theoretical methods such as mechatronics and multi-functional product integration design;

4. Responsible for electrical product demand analysis and research and development.

Qualifications:

1. Major in electrical engineering, electronic science and technology, information and communication engineering, etc.

2. Understand the technical development trends in related fields at home and abroad, have rich experience in the development of spacecraft electrical systems, be able to take the lead in the design and technical research of spacecraft electrical systems, and be familiar with the electrical system testing and test procedures;

3. Master the software and hardware tools required for job responsibilities;

4. Have relevant work experience and certain engineering practice experience.

(10) collaborative design of digital prototype

Job responsibilities:

1. Responsible for the application of digital prototype VPM collaborative design system;

2. Responsible for the implementation of structural design application based on MBD/MBSE;

3. Responsible for building a collaborative design environment for requirements analysis, architecture design, interface design, performance verification and parameter optimization;

4. Be responsible for the establishment of modeling standards and specifications for aircraft digital prototype.

Qualifications:

1. Computer science and technology, control science and engineering, electronic information technology and other related majors;

2. Master relevant professional knowledge such as software architecture design, simulation and evaluation, and have design capabilities such as software research and development, data mining and analysis;

3. Familiar with embedded real-time operating system VxWors or cloud platform architecture design software tools;

4. Experience in MBSE development is preferred.

(eleven) advanced network information research

Job responsibilities:

1. Be responsible for the overall scheme demonstration, design and simulation analysis of the network information system;

2. Be responsible for the research on basic theories and cutting-edge technologies related to electromagnetic spectrum countermeasures and information security;

3. Responsible for putting forward technical requirements for system development and development, and controlling the technical status of the system;

4. Responsible for system development and test organization and implementation.

Qualifications:

1. Electronic science and technology, information and communication engineering, information security and other related majors;

2. Skillfully apply design tools such as Matlab, OPNET and STK, skillfully use programming languages such as C# and C++, and skillfully use embedded software development tools such as ARM, DSP and FPGA;

3. Experience in aircraft electronic information product development, electronic countermeasure technology research and information security technology research is preferred.

(12) Design of Underwater Vehicle

Job responsibilities:

1. Be responsible for the forward-looking planning, development strategy and planning demonstration of underwater vehicle direction;

2. Be responsible for the demonstration of the overall, control, hydrodynamic and structural schemes and technical indicators of underwater vehicles;

3. Be responsible for the overall design of the electrical system of underwater vehicle;

4. Be responsible for the research on related topics of underwater vehicles, key technical research and test verification.

Qualifications:

1. Major in ship and ocean engineering, armament science and technology, instrument science and technology, aerospace science and technology, mechanics, control science and engineering;

2. Proficient in the overall design knowledge of underwater vehicles, familiar with the technical development trends in related fields at home and abroad, and relevant knowledge of underwater vehicle hydrodynamics, trajectory, control, target perception, power, etc., and familiar with aerospace and ship quality management requirements;

3. Engaged in the design of underwater vehicles and related fields.

(XIII) Analysis of cutting-edge technical information

Job responsibilities:

1 responsible for tracking the development trend of cutting-edge technology of scientific research institutions at home and abroad;

2. Responsible for sorting out and analyzing the relevant materials of frontier technologies in the aerospace field at home and abroad, and compiling the analysis, judgment and development dynamic research report;

3. Responsible for completing the filing of technical data and carrying out professional development and construction.

Qualifications:

1. Russian, English and other related majors;

2. Mastering the methods and tools of intelligence gathering, translation and analysis;

3. Proficient in oral communication and written reading, writing and expression in English or Russian.

(14) Design and simulation of aerospace equipment system

Job responsibilities:

1. Responsible for the overall design of aerospace equipment system;

2. Responsible for the overall design, mathematical modeling and research and development of the aerospace equipment system simulation system;

3. Responsible for the effectiveness simulation and evaluation of aerospace equipment system;

4. Put forward and undertake research and experiments on key topics of this major, and prepare research reports.

Qualifications:

1. Have a certain overall design ability of aerospace equipment, understand the development status and trend of the overall design field of the system, and master the system design methods such as architecture and complex adaptive system;

2. Skillful application of software tools such as MATLAB, C++ or STK, with the technical foundation of distributed interactive simulation and centralized simulation;

3. Proficient in the design and development of functional and signal level simulation models of weapons and equipment;

4. More than 3 years experience in military project system design and simulation.

(15) Landing gear design

Job responsibilities:

1. Be responsible for the overall and structural configuration scheme demonstration of landing gear, detailed product design, motion characteristic analysis and simulation, and dynamic characteristic analysis and simulation;

2. Be responsible for the overall electrical scheme demonstration and detailed design of mechanical and electrical products, the analysis and optimization of motion characteristics of mechanical and electrical products, and the scheme demonstration, scheme design and simulation analysis of electrical control single machine;

3. Put forward the technical requirements for the development of embedded software systems based on DSP and FPGA, and control the technical status of software products;

4. Responsible for the preparation of requirements for product production, processing, assembly and testing, follow-up production and testing, and the preparation of documents such as design scheme, bill of materials, product specifications, technical agreements and trial instructions.

Qualifications:

1. Major in aerospace science and technology, mechanical engineering, control science and engineering;

2. Proficient in modeling and motion analysis with three-dimensional software, with the ability of structural scheme design and drawing, and good experience in designing institutional products;

3. Be able to skillfully apply dynamic analysis software for simulation analysis and design optimization, or be able to skillfully apply related software for PCB design;

4. Be able to skillfully use Matlab software for mathematical modeling and characteristic analysis of electromechanical system, and be able to skillfully use EDA software such as Altium for circuit design.

(16) Design of TT&C communication system

Job responsibilities:

1. Be responsible for the simulation and detailed design of the aircraft TT&C communication system (including telemetry, remote control, data transmission, external security, etc.);

2. Be responsible for the design of system scheme, communication protocol and stand-alone task book;

3. Be responsible for the comprehensive integration of TT&C communication system and organize the comprehensive test and field communication test;

4. Responsible for communication link simulation and evaluation;

5. Be responsible for product demand analysis and software and hardware design of TT&C communication system.

Qualifications:

1. Information and communication engineering, signal processing, microwave electromagnetic field and other related majors;

2. Understand the technical development trends in related fields at home and abroad, and have the ability to design measurement and control communication, analog circuits and digital circuits;

3. Master the software and hardware tools required for job responsibilities;

4. Familiar with system testing and test process;

5. Experience in embedded system development or experience in relevant research institutes is preferred.

(17) Thermal control design

Job responsibilities:

1. To undertake the scheme demonstration, design and development of spacecraft thermal control system;

2. Undertake the research and development of new thermal control technologies, key technical research and development of thermal control products;

3. Undertake thermal control development planning, project application and professional construction.

Qualifications:

1. Major in man-machine and environmental engineering, power engineering and engineering thermophysics, refrigeration and cryogenic engineering;

2. Participated in the development of spacecraft thermal control system, has rich experience in the development of spacecraft thermal control system, and can take the lead in the research of spacecraft thermal control system design and thermal control technology;

3. Can accurately grasp the characteristics of spacecraft thermal control technology, clear the development direction of spacecraft thermal control technology.

(18) Overall power design

Job responsibilities:

1. Be responsible for the overall scheme demonstration of the power system, and determine the performance parameters and structural forms;

2. Carry out research on the overall scheme design method and performance index evaluation system, and put forward the design task book;

3. Carry out simulation and optimization of power system, simulation and analysis of internal flow field, structure and thermal protection.

Qualifications:

1. Be familiar with the overall development process of power system and master the research status at home and abroad in related fields;

2. Master the process and method of power overall design specialty;

3. Skillfully use Fluent, CFX, Ansys and other flow, heat transfer and finite element analysis tools, and have engineering experience in dynamic system flow, heat transfer or structural finite element simulation analysis.

(19) Overall ground design

Job responsibilities:

1. Be responsible for technical traction research, overall layout and demonstration design of ground system;

2. Be responsible for tackling key technical problems and improving capabilities of ground systems, and put forward ground design requirements.

Qualifications:

1. Have the professional knowledge and business ability necessary to perform job responsibilities;

2. Master the design procedures and methods of the ground overall design specialty;

3. Familiar with 3D modeling software, dynamic analysis software and finite element analysis software.

(20) Overall design of reliability

Job responsibilities:

1. Be responsible for overall planning, requirement demonstration, design analysis and test evaluation of project reliability;

2. Put forward the requirements and work items for product reliability assurance;

3. Be responsible for the collection and management of project life cycle reliability data;

4. Participate in the construction of reliability specialty and tackle key technical problems.

Qualifications:

1. Have certain reliability work experience and theoretical level, and understand the development trends of reliability technology at home and abroad;

2. Master the reliability-related industry standards and be able to skillfully apply them;

3. Master the related tools and software of reliability specialty, and have certain programming ability;

4. Experience in reliability test design and simulation analysis is preferred.

(21) Integrated Support Engineer

Job responsibilities:

1. Be responsible for the formulation of the overall technical scheme of equipment support in the after-sales stage of the model, the coordination of technical schemes of related systems, the on-site technical grasp and the technical support in the final assembly process;

2. Responsible for the research of equipment supply guarantee strategy and the formulation of product supply guarantee scheme, and cooperate with users to carry out the overall technical work of major special tasks of after-sales guarantee;

3. Be responsible for the research on the application of integrated equipment support technology, the research on the frontier technology of integrated equipment support, and the development of integrated equipment support products such as information support products.

Qualifications:

1. Major in engineering and science related to aerospace model development such as system engineering and aircraft design;

2. Be familiar with the development trends of related technologies in the field of comprehensive support, and have relevant professional knowledge and business ability in the field of engineering development of large military enterprises;

3. Familiar with the concept, method and development process of aerospace system engineering;

4. Experience in overall design of aerospace model and development of support system is preferred.

(22) enterprise information planning and system design

Job responsibilities:

1. Responsible for the strategic planning and deployment of enterprise informatization;

2. Responsible for the top-level design and overall scheme demonstration of business and management system in the field of enterprise informatization;

3. Responsible for the development research and application analysis of the new generation information technology in the field of aerospace industry;

4. Responsible for the research and empowerment design of the integration path of the new generation information technology in typical business scenarios such as aerospace product design, manufacturing and testing;

5. Be responsible for demand analysis, architecture design and standard system formulation in business and management fields.

Qualifications:

1. Be familiar with the technical development trends in the field of enterprise informatization, and have relevant professional knowledge and business ability in the field of engineering development of large military enterprises;

2. Familiar with the concept, method and development process of aerospace system engineering, and have relevant work experience in planning demonstration, capacity building or pre-research projects;

3. Familiar with information system architecture design and prototype design methods;

4. Familiar with the basic knowledge of project management, with strong project management and overall ability;

5. Mastering TOGAF architecture standard is preferred.

(XXIII) IT basic environment design and software development

Job responsibilities:

1. Responsible for the overall architecture design, cloud platform development, deployment and implementation, application migration and operation management of cloud platform and cloud native, and responsible for the technical demonstration and construction and implementation of cloud computing projects;

2. Responsible for the overall technical architecture design of data center, including the planning and design, product selection and project implementation of private data center network, private cloud network and data center computer room;

3. Responsible for the design and development of cloud platform software and information system software, and participate in the technical scheme demonstration and report preparation of information system.

Qualifications:

1. Master cloud native technologies such as microservices, containers and DevOps, have certain development ability and experience in Go or Java language, be familiar with Linux operating system, and be familiar with technical frameworks such as Docker, Kubernetes, Istio and ServiceMesh;

2. Proficient in the functional performance indicators and common operations of network equipment such as routers, switches, load balancing, firewalls, etc., familiar with the basic knowledge of computer networks and common network protocols such as TCP/IP and OSPF, and familiar with technologies such as SDN, load balancing and network virtualization;

3. Proficient in at least one programming language such as Java and Go, familiar with technologies such as domain-driven design, test-driven development, continuous integration and continuous release, familiar with Git version control tools, and familiar with open source related technologies.

(Just meet one of the above requirements)

(twenty-four) information security technology research and risk assessment.

Job responsibilities:

1. Responsible for tracking and application research of information security related technologies, and put forward application solutions;

2. Be responsible for the technical management of information security, and the design, technical scheme demonstration, construction and operation management of information security systems (including equipment and tools and software);

3. Responsible for the design and construction of information security system and technical emergency response and response mechanism for information security incidents;

4. Responsible for information security system verification, permeability test and attack and defense drills;

5 responsible for information system security audit, supervision and inspection of compliance operation, technical analysis, problem solving and protection and reinforcement of information security incidents and loopholes.

Qualifications:

1. Familiar with cryptography, site physical environment security, mainstream operating system security, information system security, physical and network communication security, business continuity, computing environment security, software security development, permeability testing and network attack and defense and other related professional knowledge;

2. Master the related policies and standards of grading protection evaluation and grading protection evaluation of information systems;

3. More than 2 years relevant working experience is preferred.

(twenty-five) big data planning and construction and analysis and application.

Job responsibilities:

1. Responsible for the research and application of big data technology;

2. Responsible for the system planning, architecture design, development, implementation and operation management of the big data platform;

3. Responsible for corporate big data governance;

4. Responsible for big data application demand analysis, mining analysis, application services and technical support.

Qualifications:

1. Familiar with big data platform architecture, distributed computing and storage, database, data warehouse, data visualization, machine learning and other related professional knowledge;

2. Familiar with data governance systems and methods such as data asset management, master data management, metadata management and data quality management;

3. Familiar with at least one language or tool such as Java, Python, R, MATLAB, SAS or SPSS, and familiar with mainstream operating systems such as Linux;

4. Familiar with cloud computing, micro services and other related technologies and platforms;

5. More than 2 years relevant working experience is preferred.

Four, the basic conditions of candidates

(a) support the party’s principles, lines and policies, abide by national laws, regulations and industry-related systems, and love the aerospace industry.

(two) have a good psychological quality and physical conditions for the normal performance of their duties, and have no bad business records and hobbies.

(3) Those who are generally under the age of 35 and above the age of 35 should meet one of the following basic conditions: having senior professional and technical positions, having served as project manager, project leader and department head in medium-sized enterprises or scientific research institutes, and having obtained provincial and ministerial awards or patent achievements.

(four) with a master’s degree or above, the ability to apply for overall planning and management positions should have a bachelor’s degree or above.

(five) generally should have a Beijing household registration, especially outstanding talents in short supply positions can be appropriately relaxed.

V. Recruitment procedures

Recruitment procedures are divided into registration, qualification examination, written examination, interview, background examination and other stages, and those who pass the examination in each stage will be notified in an appropriate way.

Hired personnel will sign labor contracts and implement probation system.

VI. Remuneration and treatment

Provide competitive salary and treatment in the industry, multi-dimensional career promotion channels, and perfect employee training and welfare guarantee system.

VII. Registration Methods and Requirements

Take the form of individual application, and each person can only apply for one position in one department. Please combine your resume, ID card, academic degree certificate and award-winning certificate into a PDF file and send it to zhaopincalt@126.com. The email is named "Open Recruitment+Applied Department and Position+Name".

Applicants should meet the basic requirements, job qualifications and job responsibilities. If the recruitment process is affected by factors such as incomplete registration information and failure to apply as required, the consequences will be at your own risk. If fraud is verified, the qualification for application will be cancelled.

Contact: Teacher Zhang

Tel: 010-88523280 and 010-68381390.