A few days ago, employees of Wanshan Power Supply Bureau in tongren city City, Guizhou Province inspected the electricity consumption of production equipment in the assembly workshop of Wan Jen Automobile Group to provide support for the resumption of production. Peng jun photo

　　Prevention and control, resumption of work and spring ploughing are all correct — — In the past few days, the land of Guizhou has been full of spring ploughing scenes racing against the spring, and the construction sites of several key projects have rekindled the fiery scene. Stop the epidemic and annihilate poverty, and colorful Guizhou will be stable and far-reaching.

　　Guizhou was once the province with the largest number of poverty-stricken people in the country, and it was one of the main battlefields for the decisive battle to get rid of poverty. At present, there are still 308,300 poverty-stricken people in the province who have set up a file to get rid of poverty, and nine deep poverty-stricken counties have not taken off their hats.

　　In the face of the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic, Guizhou insists on fighting the epidemic and fighting poverty with both hands. With the sense of urgency of "one moment can’t stop, one step can’t be wrong, and one day can’t be delayed", it promotes spring ploughing production, project resumption and enterprise resumption in an orderly manner, and strives to get back the delayed time and make up the losses suffered, so as to ensure that we can win the tough battle against poverty on time and with high quality.

　　Adjust the rural industrial structure

　　It’s sunny in spring, and the leeks in Xinzhongtian dam area in Puding County, Anshun City are growing happily. Dozens of villagers are weeding and ridging the soil.

　　"Affected by the epidemic, this year’s leek planting has been delayed. We timely changed the remuneration of migrant villagers from the previous timing to piecework settlement, which improved production efficiency." The person in charge of the cooperative told the Economic Daily reporter that at present, 6,404 mu of leek planting in the dam area has been completed, and "the lost time can be completely recovered."

　　The adjustment of rural industrial structure is crucial to win the battle against poverty on time and with high quality. Since the Spring Festival, Guizhou has continuously carried out listing bidding and video bidding for many times. By seizing the time to do a good job in spring ploughing and adjusting the industrial structure, it has tried to minimize the impact of the epidemic on poverty alleviation.

　　In mid-February, Guizhou issued "Policies and Measures on Promoting Agricultural Production in Spring and Agricultural Enterprises’ Resumption of Production", and introduced 13 specific measures involving project funds, temporary reserves, enterprises’ burden reduction, financial support, employment security, epidemic prevention materials, etc., to promote spring ploughing and spring sowing and agricultural enterprises’ resumption of production. In the middle and late February, the main leaders of Guizhou Provincial Party Committee successively supervised nine deep poverty-stricken counties and three uncapped counties (districts) with more than 10,000 poor people through video for six times to promote poverty alleviation and dispatch epidemic prevention and control.

　　Just after the Spring Festival this year, when the epidemic prevention and control is still in the most critical stage, the agricultural department of Guizhou Province held a video conference to deploy the work of spring ploughing and preparing for ploughing, requiring all localities to do a good job in industrial restructuring around increasing farmers’ income, vigorously reduce the cultivation of inefficient crops, continuously expand the scale of 12 advantageous industries with agricultural characteristics, and promote the rural industrial revolution.

　　Guizhou’s "no land is even", with mountains and hills accounting for 92.5%, and 1,725 dam areas with an area of more than 500 mu have become the main battlefields for adjusting the rural industrial structure. The Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Guizhou Province established the working mechanism of "Director Bao Pian" and "Director Bao Xian", and sent more than 100 cadres to sink into the fields, keeping a close eye on reducing inefficient crops, strengthening the selection of alternative industries according to local conditions, strengthening technical training, and promoting the rural industrial revolution to achieve new breakthroughs.

　　Bijie City sent 305 agricultural technology experts to provide technical services around 171 dam areas and 12 characteristic agricultural industries in the city, so as to achieve "three full coverage" of technical services, characteristic industrial services and expert group consultation in the dam areas and ensure that the rural industrial structure adjustment can be adjusted, planted, sold, stabilized and increased. Up to now, the city’s agricultural technicians have carried out more than 1000 spring ploughing production services.

　　As the main channel for the supply of agricultural materials for spring ploughing, all the agricultural materials stores in Guizhou Province’s supply and marketing system have been open for business since February 24, and 128 agricultural materials enterprises in the system have also resumed work in an all-round way. Yang Xingyou, deputy director of the Board of Directors of Guizhou Supply and Marketing Cooperative, said that the reserved agricultural materials "can basically meet the needs of spring ploughing production".

　　In the rocky desertification areas of wumeng mountain, Wuling Mountain and Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangxi, the "farming war" racing against the spring is in full swing in the scattered dams. According to the data of Guizhou agricultural department, by the end of February, 1,377 leading enterprises and 4,051 cooperatives in the dam area of the province had resumed work in an all-round way, with a land transfer area of 1.65 million mu and crops in the field reaching 2.014 million mu.

　　Help enterprises to resume work and production

　　Guizhou Kangju New Material Technology Co., Ltd., located in Yuping Economic Development Zone, tongren city, is a busy scene. The automatic precision shearing machines in three production workshops keep ringing. After several processes such as semi-finished products processing, cutting and shaping, SPC new floors are off the assembly line. "Affected by the epidemic, orders have piled up a lot, and the company is currently working overtime to make up for the losses." The person in charge of the company told the reporter that with the help of the government, the company was able to resume work and production quickly, and now it has received many orders one after another.

　　As early as February 8, Guizhou Province issued a notice requesting all localities to promote enterprises to resume work and production in an orderly manner on the basis of strictly doing a good job in epidemic prevention and control. On the same day, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of this province issued 10 policies and measures in view of the difficulties faced by industrial enterprises in fighting epidemic and resuming production.

　　To promote enterprises to resume production, Guizhou has established a "timetable" and drawn a "construction drawing". Many departments have introduced favorable policies, and local organizations have organized special classes to go deep into the front line of enterprises to help enterprises solve the difficulties of preventing and controlling materials, raw materials, funds and employment.

　　Guizhou Big Data Development Administration launched 197 cloud service projects; Guiyang Customs has optimized services for enterprises in seven aspects, such as rapid customs clearance of materials, extension of business deadline, simplification of procedures and strengthening joint prevention and control.

　　In order to help small and medium-sized enterprises tide over the difficulties, Guizhou has launched 15 specific support policies, including reducing the burden of taxes and fees, reducing operating costs and alleviating financial pressure. Among them, for small and medium-sized enterprises that have difficulties in production and operation affected by the epidemic, the minimum contribution ratio of housing provident fund can be reduced to 5%, and eligible small and medium-sized enterprises can be deferred for up to one year. At the same time, Guizhou Province has also set up a special telephone line for industrial enterprises to return to work and resume production, to answer questions of enterprises around the clock and coordinate and solve difficult problems of enterprises.

　　As the basic supply for enterprises to resume work and production, Guizhou’s basic energy and clean and high-efficiency electric power industries are the first to achieve 100% resumption of work and production. Among them, Panjiang Coal and Electricity urgently reinforced 132,000 tons of emergency coal storage, and 21 pairs of mines quickly resumed production, effectively ensuring the normal operation of the upstream and downstream.

　　Since the order to resume work and production was issued, Guizhou has set off one climax after another to seize time and catch up with progress. By the end of February, 4,113 industrial enterprises above designated size that should have resumed production in the province had fully resumed production.

　　It is worth mentioning that, in response to the COVID-19 epidemic, many big data enterprises in Guizhou have made innovations and launched a number of new products, applications and models based on their advantages and seized opportunities, and the digital economy has ushered in a new development opportunity. Nowadays, with the rapid development of big data, new materials, equipment manufacturing and great health, the "four beams and eight pillars" of Guizhou’s industrial economy are releasing surging kinetic energy, which supports the steady transformation of old and new kinetic energy for high-quality development.

　　Promote new projects under construction.

　　On March 12th, the construction of Changtong Intelligent Manufacturing Industrial Base with a total investment of 580 million yuan started. The first phase of the project will build 10 intelligent electrical equipment production lines, which are expected to be put into production in October this year; The second phase of the project is also planned to be completed in 2022. According to Zhao Zhang, Chairman of Guizhou Changtong Group, the annual output value of Changtong Intelligent Manufacturing Industrial Base is expected to exceed 4 billion yuan after all the projects are put into production.

　　The project is the carrier of investment, and it is also the "bull’s nose" to complete the objectives and tasks of economic and social development throughout the year. In the past few days, Guizhou Province has played a series of combination punches, pressed the "fast forward button" for major project construction, and made overall plans for the resumption of construction projects and the start of new projects, and promoted them in an orderly manner.

　　On February 9, Guizhou issued a notice requesting all localities to coordinate the construction of major engineering projects, promote the resumption of work in an orderly manner, and send nine inspection teams to all localities to supervise the resumption of work.

　　For this reason, the Guizhou Provincial Development and Reform Commission also opened Guizhou Branch of the United Nations, Guizhou Branch of the Agricultural Development Bank, Guizhou Branch of The Export-Import Bank of China and Guizhou Bank, established a financing docking guarantee mechanism for key projects of epidemic prevention and control and economic and social development, and set up a special fund of 180 billion yuan to supplement short-term stable investment to support the construction of key projects of epidemic prevention and control and major provincial projects.

　　There are frequent hard moves and practical moves in all parts of Guizhou Province. Under the Office of the Leading Group for Epidemic Prevention and Control, Southwest Guizhou has set up a special class for major engineering projects to resume work, and made clear specific policies and measures in five aspects: establishing working mechanism, strengthening employment security, strengthening factor security, increasing financial support, and effectively reducing the burden, so as to promote the project to resume work; In addition, the state has also opened up a "green channel" to provide sufficient material support for the project to resume work.

　　According to the data of the development and reform department of Guizhou Province, by the end of February, all the 1963 major projects under construction in Guizhou Province had resumed work. At the same time, 371 major new projects were started, accounting for 85.9% of the planned projects in the first quarter.

　　In order to create a regional growth pole and attract more high-quality projects, Guizhou Province also issued the Opinions on Supporting the High-quality Development of Gui ‘an New District, and launched eight policies with full "gold content" to attract investors’ attention, boost the confidence of enterprises in resuming production, transformation and upgrading, and promote the high-end, green and intensive development of Gui ‘an New District.

　　A few days ago, Guizhou Province issued the list of major projects and key projects in 2020 and the promotion plan, and arranged 3,357 major projects in the province with an annual planned investment of 726.2 billion yuan, covering major infrastructure, major industrial development and major livelihood projects. (Economic Daily China Economic Net reporter Wang Xinwei Wu Bingze)

　　The 2nd International Forum on Health Service and Standardization for the Aged and the Annual Meeting of the Branch of Health Service and Standardization for the Aged of China Geriatric Medical Research Association opened on 16th. Photo by Zhao Xiao

　　Dong ‘e, Shandong, August 16 (Zhao Xiao) The 2nd International Forum on Health Service and Standardization for the Aged and the Annual Meeting of the Branch of Health Service and Standardization for the Aged of China Geriatric Care Medical Research Association opened on the 16th in Dong ‘e County, Shandong Province, a Millennium ancient city. More than 200 experts from China, Japanese, Canadian and other countries studied the development of geriatric health care medicine, and contributed to the construction of the standard of health care service for the aged.

Li Jinhua, general consultant of China Geriatric Health Care Medical Research Association, delivered a speech at the opening ceremony. Photo by Jiang Yong

　　The reporter was informed in an interview that this forum will promote academic exchanges at home and abroad around topics such as "health care for the elderly", "health care for the elderly" and "medical care for the elderly", show the latest achievements in geriatric research, and vigorously promote the formulation of relevant standards and management methods in the fields of service, technology, products and management in the combination of health care and medical care.

Qin Yufeng, President of Dong ‘e Ejiao Co., Ltd. delivered a speech at the opening ceremony. Photo by Jiang Yong

　　"Group standards can highlight industry benchmarks and reflect industry characteristics in a timely manner. At present, the formulation of group standards for elderly health care in China has just started and the development momentum is good. " Gao Songbai, president of China Geriatric Health Care Medical Research Association, said in his speech at the opening ceremony that during the forum, nearly 20 expert consensus and norms on health services for the elderly will be released, laying the foundation for establishing and improving the standard system of medical care for the elderly. The formulation of group standards should adhere to standardization, practicality and public welfare, carry out in-depth investigation and research, and introduce group standards that are highly operational, meet the needs of industry development, and effectively play a guiding role, so as to promote the quality, increment and upgrading of elderly health services.

Data Map: The picture shows several elderly people performing non-legacy performances on Yaowang Street in Dong ‘e. Photo by Lu Xinsheng

　　Li Jinhua, general consultant of China Geriatric Health Care Medical Research Association, believes that the formulation of industry standards is the need of social mass production, and establishing standards provides a basis for measuring whether products are qualified and compliant. It is suggested that relevant trade associations should strictly follow the standardized procedures and requirements of group standards formulation according to the development status and actual situation in the field of geriatric medical care in China, so as to make the standards scientific, standardized and traceable.

Data map: Chinese medicine "looking and asking questions". Photo by Hu Pinghua

　　"China has entered an aging society. To solve the problem of standardization of health services for the elderly, we should start with formulating standards, and establishing standards can effectively promote the improvement of the quality and level of health services for the elderly." As the organizer of the event, Qin Yufeng, president of Dong ‘e Ejiao Co., Ltd., said in an interview that the proposal of "Healthy China" strategy puts forward new requirements for advocating new concepts, popularizing new achievements and exploring new models of health care for the elderly. Traditional Chinese medicine, represented by Dong ‘e Ejiao, is an excellent traditional cultural treasure in China, which plays an important role in the prevention of chronic diseases and the improvement of the quality of life of the elderly, including dietotherapy, medicated diet, paste recuperation and disease rehabilitation. Relying on this forum, Dong ‘e Ejiao will actively absorb advanced wisdom and experience at home and abroad, further improve product quality, and contribute more to promoting the development of big health industry, especially the elderly rehabilitation service.

　　Data Map: The picture shows thousands of people performing Tai Chi in Ejiao World Park of Dong ‘e Ejiao Co., Ltd. Shen Minshe

　　Yang Ze, chairman of the China Geriatric Care Medical Research Association’s Geriatric Health Service and Standardization Branch, told the reporter that the imbalance between supply and demand of aged care services is a realistic challenge facing the development of aged care services in China, and socialized aged care services must adapt to the multi-level and diversified service needs of the elderly population as soon as possible. Traditional Chinese medicine is an outstanding representative of Chinese civilization. After the test of time and practice, it can not only cure the symptoms, but also cure the root cause. "It is of great significance to give full play to the advantages and functions of traditional Chinese medicine and revitalize the development of traditional Chinese medicine to promote health services and health care for the elderly."

　　Shandong is a province with a large population of elderly people, with more than 20 million elderly people aged 60 and over, accounting for 21% of the total population, and showing an accelerated growth trend. At present, there are 13 "longevity towns" in the province, and there are more than 6,000 "centenarians". Li Deqiang, former vice chairman of the Shandong Provincial Political Consultative Conference, said that at present, the province regards the medical and health care industry as one of the "Top Ten" industries for the conversion of old and new kinetic energy, and strives to achieve an added value of 1.15 trillion yuan by 2022, accounting for 11.5% of the regional GDP. By speeding up the construction of medical and health care industry, Shandong strives to provide the elderly with a sense of security, a happy life, and a long and healthy life, so that the cause of aging has made great progress.

　　At the academic exchange meeting held on the same day, the standard writers of China Geriatric Health Care Medical Research Association released 18 expert consensuses on new technologies of home-based care for the aged, including China’s expert consensus on rehabilitation treatment for severe respiratory diseases and China’s expert consensus on rehabilitation treatment for elderly stroke patients.

　　This forum is co-sponsored by the Health Service and Standardization Branch of China Geriatric Health Care Medical Research Association, the Working Committee on Combination of Medicine and Nursing of China Preventive Medical Association and China Geriatric Health Care Medicine magazine, and jointly undertaken by the National Rubber Chinese Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center and Dong ‘e Ejiao Co., Ltd.

　　Today (2nd), Asia’s largest thermal power carbon dioxide capture and storage project — — Jiangsu Taizhou Power Plant Project of National Energy Group has been put into operation after several days of full load operation, and it can capture and consume 500,000 tons of carbon dioxide every year.

　　Taizhou Power Plant has four generating units with a power of one million kilowatts. The CO2 capture, utilization and storage project takes the flue gas of Unit 4 as raw material to capture, utilize and store CO2. The project independently developed a new generation of absorbent with high capacity, low energy consumption and long service life. At the same time, it innovatively applied the largest carbon dioxide compressor in China and innovatively integrated technologies such as new packing and high-efficiency amine recovery, which reduced the compression power consumption by 10% compared with traditional projects.

　　Gong Haiting, Director of Special Office of Carbon Resources Development of Jiangsu Taizhou Power Plant of National Energy Group:The project is completely designed, manufactured and installed by China. It is the CCUS project with the highest technical content in the thermal power industry in Asia at present. The carbon dioxide capture rate is over 90%, and the purity of dry carbon dioxide produced is over 99%. All indicators are at the leading level in the industry.

　　The power plant cooperates with relevant enterprises, universities and scientific research institutes to tackle key problems to realize the "deep-level, high-efficiency and large-cycle" use of carbon dioxide, and to run through the full-cycle chain of carbon dioxide from capture to consumption. Users such as oil displacement, welding manufacturing, food-grade dry ice and high-tech machinery cleaning developed by the project will realize 100% absorption and utilization of captured carbon dioxide. The data show that at present, China’s annual carbon dioxide emissions exceed 13 billion tons, of which coal-fired power accounts for over 40%, and coal-fired power is one of the main sources of carbon emissions in China.

　　China’s carbon resource utilization has a new scene.

　　Reducing carbon dioxide emissions is currently considered to be a safe and effective way to solve the global greenhouse effect. The coal industry is the main battlefield of carbon emission reduction, and how to solve the carbon emission problem of coal-fired power generation is very important to reduce the total carbon emission.

　　In recent years, various industries have made some explorations in reducing the total amount of carbon dioxide emissions. Most enterprises collect carbon dioxide and seal it, while Taizhou Power Plant’s carbon dioxide capture and storage project treats the flue gas after coal combustion, purifying the captured carbon dioxide to more than 99%, and then using it in industrial scenes and food processing scenes.

　　Gong Haiting, Director of Special Office of Carbon Resources Development of Jiangsu Taizhou Power Plant of National Energy Group:The failure to fully consume carbon dioxide has always been a blocking point that restricts the sustainable operation of CCUS project. Taizhou Power Plant has realized the full consumption of 500,000 tons/year by investigating the surrounding parks and enterprises, docking the demand for carbon dioxide use, and effectively connecting the regional carbon cycle, and has stable profitability, which provides a sample for the long-term sustainable operation of coal-fired CCUS.

　　In recent years, China has accelerated the construction of carbon capture, utilization and storage projects. The carbon capture, utilization and storage project can capture and separate carbon dioxide from industrial, energy production and other emission sources or air, and use it or transport it to a suitable site for storage, and finally realize carbon dioxide emission reduction. By the end of 2022, China has put into use 13 coal-fired power carbon dioxide capture, utilization and storage projects, with a total capture capacity of about 600,000 tons per year.

　　Where did the captured carbon dioxide go?

　　Where did a lot of carbon dioxide go after capture? In recent years, the technology of carbon capture, utilization and storage in China has developed rapidly, and all walks of life have carried out some exploration and practice.

　　Just yesterday, China CNOOC started China’s first 10-million-ton carbon dioxide capture, utilization and storage cluster project in Huizhou, Guangdong Province, which captured the carbon dioxide emitted by petrochemical enterprises in Daya Bay and transported it to the sea for storage, exploring a new way for China to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions.

　　Deng Changhong, Deputy General Manager of China CNOOC Shenzhen Branch:China CNOOC will carry out research and demonstration application of integrated technology of geological reservoir, drilling and completion and engineering for offshore oil and gas fields with high carbon dioxide content, form China’s independent technology system and equipment, build a safe and controllable carbon dioxide capture and storage technology system, realize scale emission reduction, and promote the green and low-carbon transformation of offshore oil and gas industry.

　　In Taizhou, Jiangsu, Asia’s largest thermal power carbon dioxide capture and storage project — — Taizhou Power Plant of Jiangsu, a national energy group, can capture and purify 500,000 tons of carbon dioxide every year, and many innovative technologies provide a new path for China to reduce emissions. The project has successfully developed users such as oil displacement, welding manufacturing, food-grade dry ice and high-tech machinery cleaning, and will realize 100% consumption and utilization of captured carbon dioxide.

　　Liu Jiandong, Chief Engineer of Jiangsu Taizhou Power Plant of National Energy Group:On our side, shipyards, oil fields, chemical plants and other enterprises have a great demand for carbon dioxide. In the early stage, we took the initiative to dock enterprises in the park and locked in an annual sales volume of 500,000 tons, including 400,000 tons of carbon dioxide for industrial use and 100,000 tons of carbon dioxide for food processing.

　　The annual report of carbon dioxide capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) in China (2021) shows that there are about 40 CCUS demonstration projects that have been put into operation or under construction in China, with a carbon capture capacity of about 3 million tons/year and an annual injection of about 1.8 million tons. The industries involved in capture sources and the types of storage and utilization are diversified.

　　(Headquarters reporter Zhang Wei Mao Jun)

　　This year’s two sessions, real estate regulation is still a hot topic. Various localities have also adopted housing policies to attract talents. Collective construction land to build rental housing and state-owned enterprises to use their own land to build affordable housing have all targeted the housing problem of employees, achieving "job-housing balance" and retaining high-end talents. The Beijing Youth Daily reporter interviewed two members from the economic sector and the non-partisan sector, respectively, on these issues.

　　Zhao Song, member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and director of Land Price Institute of Land Survey and Planning Institute.

　　Building houses owned by state-owned enterprises helps to retain talents.

　　It is a very correct orientation to establish a long-term mechanism in the real estate field. We should comprehensively consider the land supply system, the real estate development and sales system, and the financial and tax systems. The long-term mechanism can guide the market to a healthy and stable development path. It will take time for the long-term mechanism to play a real role, which requires both the running-in and improvement of the system and the self-adjustment and repair of the market under the new mechanism.

　　■ Market regulation ■

　　Purchase restriction has not changed the relationship between supply and demand in the market.

　　Beiqing Daily: What control measures have been taken by all parts of the country to the real estate market, and what changes have taken in the real estate market?

　　Zhao Song: The changes in the real estate market in the past year, whether it is the stabilization of housing prices in first-tier cities, the decline of growth rates, or the rapid rise of some emerging hot cities, are generally the effects of "anti-overheating" and "destocking" control measures. In specific operations, administrative measures have played a more important role, such as restricting purchases, sales and loans, which have indeed had an immediate impact on curbing the heat of market transactions, while the price limit policy has directly suppressed the price signal in the first-hand housing market, but it has not yet formed a new relationship between market supply and demand, and high demand momentum still exists. The spillover of demand from first-tier and hot-spot cities, combined with the continuous easing policies in most areas, has caused some second-and third-tier cities to accelerate their rise.

　　Housing prices in first-tier cities may be adjusted at a high level.

　　Beiqing Daily: What do you think of the overall real estate market in 2018? Under the intensive real estate control measures, what kind of situation will the first, second, third and fourth tier cities present?

　　Zhao Song: At present, the situation of high-pressure regulation and control in the real estate market will not be relaxed. Therefore, in this first-tier city and second-tier hotspot city, the overall housing price may remain relatively stable on the basis of last year, forming a high-level adjustment trend, and some cities still have room to fall back.

　　Beiqing Daily: What about the third-and fourth-tier cities that saw a big increase last year?

　　Zhao Song: Some cities with good infrastructure conditions, rapid economic development and obvious population growth have strong internal support for rising housing prices. However, there are also some cities that have risen too fast in the early stage. Without the support of effective demand, such as the infrastructure can’t keep up and the population flows out, there will be greater risks. I don’t think those speculative housing prices will last long.

　　Long-term mechanism should replace emergency measures

　　Beiqing Daily: Last year, an important feature of real estate regulation and control was "policy by city". Will this policy last forever?

　　Zhao Song: In the past two years, the effect of "city-based policy" in real estate regulation and control is still quite obvious. In the past, regulation was across the board, which caused some policies to fail to achieve the expected goals. Therefore, in recent years, the policy of Yincheng has been proposed. The participation of land in real estate is mainly reflected in land supply. In cities with large demand and rapid housing price increase, the land supply should be appropriately increased. For those with serious inventory, the land supply will be reduced.

　　Beiqing Daily: The central government has proposed to establish a long-term mechanism for real estate regulation. What do you think of the construction of a long-term mechanism?

　　Zhao Song: It is a very correct orientation to establish a long-term mechanism in the real estate field. In the past, our control measures were all emergency, which could not solve the fundamental problem. To establish a long-term mechanism, we should comprehensively consider the land supply system, the real estate development and sales system, and the financial and tax systems. The long-term mechanism may not have an immediate effect on controlling housing prices, but it can guide the market to a healthy and stable development path. It will take time for the long-term mechanism to play a real role, which requires both the running-in and improvement of the system and the self-adjustment and repair of the market under the new mechanism.

　　■ Collective land ■

　　The diversion part of collective construction land is just needed.

　　Beiqing Daily: At the beginning of this year, the Ministry of Land and Resources approved 11 cities including Shenyang and Xiamen to use collective construction land to build rental housing. Together with Beijing and Shanghai, which are being piloted, 13 cities have been piloting this new policy. Can building rental housing with collective construction land alleviate the problem of high housing prices?

　　Zhao Song: I think this is a good direction. Allowing collective land to build rental housing into the market is a measure to realize multi-agent supply and multi-channel guarantee. However, we can’t expect it to solve the problem of short supply in the real estate market at once. It can only be said that in some areas, it can divert some rigid demand and relieve market pressure.

　　Beiqing Daily: In what way should farmers’ interests be protected when collective land is used to build rental housing?

　　Zhao Song: First of all, collective economic organizations are voluntary, and farmers can’t be forced to take out land for renting houses in order to complete the pilot task; The second is to do a good job of research in the early stage, choose areas with needs, such as industrial parks and development zones, and rent out houses so that farmers can make profits collectively; Some places also adopt the practice that the government rents it wholesale according to the market rent level and then rents it to specific tenants, which also reduces the operational risk of collective economic organizations.

　　The new measures will help state-owned enterprises retain talents.

　　Beiqing Daily: Last year, the Beijing Municipal Commission of Housing and Urban-Rural Development issued a document encouraging state-owned enterprises to use their own land to build affordable housing, and other hot cities also had some related pilot projects. What changes will this bring to the housing market?

　　Zhao Song: This is also the idea of multi-agent supply and multi-channel guarantee. This is of great help to solve the housing problem of employees of state-owned enterprises, especially the housing problem of young employees, and helps state-owned enterprises to retain talents. Now many places, especially some second-tier cities, are fighting for talents. If their housing problems can be solved, the battle will be won by half.

　　■ Land supply ■

　　The reasons for the "auction" of land transfer are complicated.

　　Beiqing Daily: In the past two years, the phenomenon of land "bidding, auction and hanging" often appears at high prices. Some people say that behind high housing prices is actually high land prices. What do you think of this phenomenon?

　　Zhao Song: Who pushed and pulled the house price and land price? This is a long-standing debate. Theoretically, the demand for land is derived demand, and the price expectation of products formed on the land determines the land price that people are willing to pay. In reality, they are interactive. As for who played the main role? This needs to be analyzed in combination with the specific market environment. In a seller’s market, no matter how high the developer gets the land, that is to say, how high the cost he invests, he will definitely pass this cost on and seek profits. However, if it is a buyer’s market, for example, when the inventory in some places was serious a few years ago, the house could not be sold, and the land would be auctioned off.

　　Beiqing Daily: Under the background of strict regulation and control, some first-tier cities have experienced the phenomenon of land auction. What do you think? Does it mean that the real estate market has shown signs of reversal?

　　Zhao Song: The reasons for the auction are more complicated. I think it is necessary to analyze the specific plots. The auction of some plots may be due to insufficient demand in the market, the expectations of real estate developers for the future have fallen, and the willingness to buy land has declined, leading to the auction; Sometimes it may be that the conditions given by this land are too harsh, which should be analyzed in detail.

　　Member Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and Director of Land Use Management Department of Ministry of Land and Resources Liao Yonglin.

　　Enterprise dormitory can reduce the living cost of workers.

　　Many cities attract talents by providing preferential housing conditions. Rent is a very important part of production factors. If workers are provided with housing or rental subsidies, their living costs will be reduced. Rental housing built on collective construction land in Beijing solves the housing problem for makers, and gives a lot of rent subsidies, which actually reduces the price of factors and is more competitive for enterprises in attracting talents.

　　■ Market regulation ■

　　Real estate regulation needs a multi-pronged approach

　　Beiqing Daily: What do you think of the problem of excessive housing price increase in the past year or two?

　　Liao Yonglin: House price is just a representation. Price is the expectation of both the supply and demand sides for the future, and it is a result. We should adjust the relationship between supply and demand to change people’s expectations. For example, rent and purchase are now advocated, and local governments have introduced measures to protect the interests of renters, so that ordinary people can enjoy the same treatment when renting houses. Public rental housing and low-rent housing that we are actively promoting now, including rental housing built on relatively new collective construction land, are all working in this direction.

　　Beiqing Daily: Real estate regulation is still a hot topic this year. Can the house price be controlled this year? Do you have any suggestions for this piece?

　　Liao Yonglin: The central government has made it very clear that "houses are for living, not for speculation". Real estate regulation needs a multi-pronged approach, and it is impossible to "win with one stroke". It should include comprehensive measures such as land supply, finance, taxation, etc. We must design the system based on the residential characteristics of the house, improve control, and classify regulation. It is different in large, medium and small cities, and it is different in first, second and third tier cities. At the same time, strengthen the two-way adjustment of supply and demand, and explore the multi-land supply mechanism of real estate.

　　The key to controlling house prices lies in controlling expectations.

　　Beiqing Daily: What are the effective ways for local governments to solve the expected problem of high housing prices?

　　Liao Yonglin: Shanghai’s leased housing plots and Beijing’s shared property houses are all effective explorations in this regard.

　　There is also the rectification of developers and real estate agents. In some places, developers engage in "hunger marketing". Obviously, there are many houses, but they have to create an illusion of shortage. Now local governments have stepped up their efforts in this regard, which has had a great impact on market expectations.

　　Beiqing Daily: What do you think of the emergency real estate control measures in various places, including administrative measures such as restricting purchases, loans and sales?

　　Liao Yonglin: This is a practice of stopping bleeding first. Ultimately, it is necessary to establish a long-term mechanism in the real estate market to solve the problem. The long-term mechanism should include land supply, taxation, finance and other factors. Of course, government supervision cannot be absent.

　　■ Collective land ■

　　Workers’ dormitory reduced the factor price.

　　Beiqing Daily: The Ministry of Land and Resources has approved 13 cities including Beijing, Shanghai, Hangzhou and Xiamen to use collective construction land to build rental housing. What is the original intention of these urban pilot projects with prominent contradiction between housing supply and demand? Can this contradiction between supply and demand be alleviated?

　　Liao Yonglin: In fact, real estate can be divided into two parts, one is for residence, and it is a consumer product, which is closely linked to income. There is also industrial land and commercial real estate, which belong to production factors. Rental housing should be somewhere in between. Solving the housing problem of the labor force is also a problem of high factors. To put it bluntly, people work and live in the city. Without a house, he wants to rent a house, and the rent is high, so the salary must be high, otherwise people will leave.

　　Beiqing Daily: Beijing piloted the construction of rental housing on collective construction land earlier to solve the problem of collective dormitory for enterprise employees in industrial parks, and at the same time, it was aimed at security guards, domestic workers, couriers and other service groups. In order to solve the housing pressure problem of high-tech talents, Zhongguancun used collective construction land to build rental housing to carry out a pilot project of public rental housing for makers. Maker Tenant enjoys 50% rent subsidy from Haidian District, Beijing. What do you think?

　　Liao Yonglin: Many cities attract talents by providing preferential housing conditions. Rent is a very important part of production factors. If workers are provided with housing or rental subsidies, their living costs will be reduced. Rental housing built on collective construction land in Beijing solves the housing problem for makers, and gives a lot of rent subsidies, which actually reduces the price of factors and is more competitive for enterprises in attracting talents.

　　If the job advertisement says that housing is provided, then its salary can be lower. If not, I’m sorry, then the salary will be higher.

　　The government vigorously promotes the construction of rental housing.

　　Beiqing Daily: What do you think of the current problem of high housing prices? There is a voice that high land prices are behind high housing prices, because most of the housing prices are land prices, and the construction and installation costs account for a small proportion. What do you think of the frequent occurrence of "high-priced land" in the land market and the problem that "flour is more expensive than bread"?

　　Liao Yonglin: Whether the high housing price is cost-driven or price-driven, this is a chicken or egg problem, and there will never be any result. Market economy is to buy production factors after the price of supply and demand is accurate. If the cost determines the price, it is not a market economy. Now it is always said that "flour is more expensive than bread", in fact, developers will not do business at a loss. The problem now is to solve the problem of housing price expectation and realize the price balance between supply and demand. Now the government is vigorously promoting the construction of rental housing, especially advocating the right to rent and purchase, and establishing a long-term mechanism for real estate, which is to solve this expected problem.

　　■ Land supply ■

　　The design of "multi-subject land supply" system should keep up

　　Beiqing Daily: Since last year, the central government has repeatedly proposed to speed up the establishment of a "multi-agent supply, multi-channel security, and rent-and-purchase housing system". Does multi-subject land supply mean a breakthrough in the existing "bidding, auction and hanging" system of commercial housing land supply?

　　Liao Yonglin: Actually, China’s real estate industry was originally a multi-subject land supply, and later it moved towards a single subject land supply. However, there are many problems in supervision in this way. In terms of economic value, the highest urban construction land is real estate, followed by industrial land, and the worst is infrastructure land. If the rush to engage in real estate will be chaotic, what about the infrastructure? Multi-subject land supply later became a single subject land supply, but in this mode, the government monopolized the land, and some local governments often did not take the initiative to supply land in order to raise land prices.

　　Now we advocate multi-agent land supply, but we don’t simply go back to the past, but we should keep up with it in system design and supervision, so as to solve the possible problems of multi-agent land supply and the problems of single agent land supply.

　　Photo of this edition/reporter Zhu Kaiyun

During the Clinton period, "medical insurance" must be legislated and owned by everyone. Employers are explicitly required to buy medical insurance for their employees. Obama relaxed the "strictness" of this idea. Employers and enterprises with real difficulties can make exceptions and do not have to buy medical insurance for their employees.

About 10 million low-income people, including the elderly and children, apply for medical benefits every year. If this kind of welfare is open to all Americans, many private insurance companies and hospitals, including doctors and private clinical institutions, will go bankrupt.

Where can the American government get the money to let the people enjoy medical insurance? Still can only play the idea of taxation. Obama has increased the sales tax on tobacco and alcohol. Now it is planned to raise taxes on "junk food", Coca-Cola and other drinks with high sugar content.

Medical care in the United States is expensive, not because of lack of resources, but because of excessive abuse. Of every $1 in medical expenses, 30 cents are spent unnecessarily. Therefore, the real American medical reform must focus on the quality and effect of medical care.

Universal health insurance is not as simple and sweet as people think. Universal health insurance first means that everyone can afford insurance. What is the most basic service? Can health care and prevention be included in this range? Is psychiatric treatment included in this insurance?

　　Cctv newsAt 10: 00 am on May 18th, the State Council Press Office held a series of press conferences on the theme of "Opening by Authorities", introducing the situation of "Implementing the Party’s 20 Major Decisions and Deploying Efforts to Promote the High-quality Development of Medical Insurance" and answering reporters’ questions.

　　Hu Jinglin, director of the National Health Insurance Bureau, said that since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has led hundreds of millions of people to win the battle against poverty, which has historically solved the problem of absolute poverty that has plagued the Chinese nation for thousands of years and created a miracle in the history of human poverty reduction. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that getting rid of poverty is not the end, but the starting point of a new life and a new struggle. After winning the battle against poverty in an all-round way, the medical insurance department resolutely implemented the decision-making arrangements made by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council to effectively link the achievements of consolidating and expanding poverty alleviation with rural revitalization, continued to deepen the reform of the medical security system, steadily realized the basic medical care for low-income people in rural areas, and resolutely adhered to the bottom line of not returning to poverty on a large scale due to illness.

　　First, ensure that the key population should be guaranteed. The central government has continuously increased subsidies for residents’ medical insurance, and medical assistance has subsidized the poor, the low-income people, the poverty-stricken people who have returned to poverty, and the poverty-stricken people who are easy to return to poverty and are included in the monitoring, ensuring that the rural low-income people have institutional guarantees for medical treatment. In 2022, a total of 97.66 million people with difficulties were funded to participate in insurance, and the participation rate of low-income people in rural areas was monitored to be stable at over 99%.

　　Second, strengthen the effectiveness of the triple system to reduce burdens. Triple system, mainly basic medical insurance, serious illness insurance and medical assistance. First, stabilize the level of hospitalization benefits of basic medical insurance and improve the outpatient mutual aid guarantee mechanism. The second is to improve the reimbursement level of residents with serious illness by inclusiveness, and accurately implement inclined payment for people with special difficulties. The third is to improve the medical insurance and assistance system for serious and serious diseases, and consolidate the function of supporting the bottom. According to monitoring, in 2022, the triple system benefited 145 million rural low-income people to seek medical treatment, helping to reduce the cost burden by 148.7 billion yuan.

　　Third, improve the long-term mechanism to prevent poverty due to illness. Guide all localities to do a good job in monitoring and early warning patients with high medical expenses, timely include qualified key monitoring personnel into the scope of medical assistance, and cooperate with relevant departments to implement comprehensive assistance. Since 2021, more than 7.4 million people have actively pushed early warning information. In addition, through the adjustment and normalization of medical insurance catalogue, the procurement of medicines and medical consumables is carried out, and the cost of medical treatment for low-income people in rural areas is jointly reduced.

　　In the next step, we will resolutely implement the decision-making and deployment of the CPC Central Committee in the State Council, and on the basis of continuously consolidating and expanding the achievements of "basic medical security", vigorously promote medical security to help the rural areas revitalize in an all-round way, mainly doing the following work:

　　First, promote the establishment of a diversified medical assistance system, improve the unified and standardized medical assistance system, and make overall plans to improve the level of assistance for seriously ill patients in difficult families.

　　The second is to improve the comprehensive assistance mechanism for patients with high expenses, and promote charitable organizations, commercial health insurance, medical mutual assistance and other social forces to participate in the rescue and protection, so as to give full play to the joint efforts of protection.

　　The third is to do a good job in consolidating and expanding the contact point construction of medical insurance poverty alleviation achievements, in-depth summing up local practical experience, and exploring and supporting the national rural revitalization key help counties to carry out medical insurance to help rural revitalization special rescue operations.

Original zi yi Guo ke

Imagine such a scene: a new drug-resistant bacteria will be popular among people in the future, and you are unfortunately infected and lying in the intensive care unit. All the antibiotics injected into your body are completely ineffective, and your life is dying, and you will die like many infected people …

Terrible, isn’t it?

In order to keep yourself alive and avoid the above scene becoming a reality, can you get rid of the habit of taking antibiotics easily from now on to ensure your safety?

No, you don’t abuse antibiotics, your family and friends may abuse them, strangers you meet on the road may abuse them, and even pigs may abuse them.

However, does the use of antibiotics have anything to do with my infection? Of course, drug-resistant bacteria from other people and animals can also infect you.

Abuse of antibiotics by others or animals may also infect you giphy drug-resistant bacteria.

Gonorrhea in the U.S navy is difficult to treat.

Because the sex workers used the wrong antibiotics?

In the 1960s, millions of sailors gathered all the year round at the US Naval Base in subic bay. A large number of people flow has promoted the prosperity and development of local economy, especially bars, nightclubs and brothels. Navy soldiers often hang around these places as long as they are not on duty.

After indulging, many people go to see a military doctor as soon as they return to the boat because they find urethral secretions. They were diagnosed with gonorrhea, that is, gonococcal infection, and received standard penicillin treatment. But strangely, the treatment effect of the navy is not ideal, and the number of infected people is increasing.

The preventive medicine department of the navy conducted an investigation and found that there were two reasons for the failure of the navy’s treatment: one was misdiagnosis, and half of the people suffered from nongonococcal urethritis (such as chlamydia and mycoplasma infection) instead of gonorrhea; The second is drug resistance. The other half of the soldiers who were really infected with gonococcus had strong drug resistance to penicillin, which was not common at that time.

Why is there such a large-scale drug resistance at the naval base in subic bay?

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is resistant to penicillin, which leads to unsatisfactory treatment effect of gonorrhea | flickr

Gonorrhea is mainly transmitted through sexual contact. Considering the common "recreational activities" of the navy, the preventive medicine department began an investigation from sex workers. It turns out that in a clinic where sex workers gather, doctors use benzathine penicillin to treat gonorrhea of sex workers, and they also go to the pharmacy to buy this penicillin themselves.

However, killing Neisseria gonorrhoeae, especially Neisseria gonorrhoeae resistant to penicillin, requires the use of fast-acting drugs, and the drugs cannot stay in the body for too long, otherwise it will provide natural selection opportunities for drug-resistant bacteria. Therefore, the most suitable drug is procaine penicillin, not benzathine penicillin, which has slow onset and long retention time in the body. Excessive use of the same wrong drug has produced penicillin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in sex workers.

At the same time, the preventive medicine department also found that when the sex workers were examined in this small clinic, the doctor never disinfected the vaginal dilator to improve efficiency, but put a big bucket of water beside him. After each patient was examined, he rinsed it in the bucket and then continued to examine the next one. This irregular operation paved a broad road for the spread of pathogenic bacteria …

In this way, the drug-resistant bacteria spread from one sex worker to another, and then infected the navy soldiers through sexual transmission, and the soldiers then spread them to other sex workers, which led to the widespread spread of drug-resistant bacteria.

After discovering the cause, the Department of Preventive Medicine improved the treatment scheme of gonorrhea, and solved the problem of cross infection by purchasing sterilizers and a large number of vaginal dilators. Finally, the number of patients with drug-resistant gonorrhea plummeted, and the situation of seafarers improved.

Drug-resistant bacteria repeatedly "jump horizontally" among sex workers and naval soldiers, leading to the widespread spread of drug-resistant bacteria | pexels

Pigs eat antibiotics

It can also "upgrade" the bacteria on people.

Drug-resistant bacteria can spread not only between people, but also between people and animals.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the common multi-drug resistant bacteria, also known as "superbugs".

It is speculated that in 2019, more than 100,000 deaths were related to MRSA. In a study published in June, 2022, Lucy A. Venat of Cambridge University proposed that MRSA (livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, LA-MRSA) in livestock was an important reason for the increasing human infection with MRSA.

Simply put, if pigs eat more antibiotics, they can also "pass" drug-resistant bacteria to people.

But this "transmission" is not that bacteria directly run from pigs to people, but that drug-resistant bacteria in pigs pass the "skill" of drug resistance to bacteria in people. This is achieved by Mobile genetic elements, MGEs). MGEs can "transport" drug-resistant genes from one bacterium to another, even if the two bacteria belong to different species.

Drug-resistant genes can be integrated into plasmids, and then enter other bacteria through plasmids.

Scientists have found that among the most common LA-MRSA in Europe, one MGEs with drug resistance gene has been stably inherited for 57 years, which dates back to the time when antibiotics were widely used in livestock.

When livestock use a large number of antibiotics to produce LA-MRSA, the related drug-resistant genes can be grafted into human Staphylococcus aureus through MGEs transfer, so that the common Staphylococcus aureus can be "upgraded" to drug-resistant MRSA. Even if humans did not use antibiotics at that time, they would be infected with bacteria that were more difficult to treat.

"One world, one health", the uncontrolled use of antibiotics on animals will eventually affect human beings.

After a large number of animals use antibiotics to produce drug-resistant bacteria, the related drug-resistant genes can "upgrade" the bacteria in people | wallpaperflare

Norwegians eat 24 tons of antibiotics every year.

Norwegian salmon eats 48 tons

Today, more and more people are aware of this potential crisis, and the control system of antibiotic use in aquaculture tends to be perfect, but this was not the case decades ago.

After the emergence of antibiotics, people who breed livestock and poultry found that feeding antibiotics can not only fight against some infectious diseases, but also promote the growth of livestock and poultry, increase the output of agricultural meat products and improve profits.

In the 1960s, many countries, such as Britain, Germany, the Netherlands, and the United States, enacted laws to reduce the use of antibiotics-especially to reduce the use of antibiotics for humans by livestock. However, driven by interests, these policies are either strongly resisted or disobeyed, and it is always difficult to implement them.

But there are also successful examples.

Norway has the highest salmon production in the world, and its quality is among the best.

Orange-yellow fish, fresh Q-bomb, is soft, tender and smooth in one bite, melts in the mouth, and the special aroma spreads in the mouth … Well, it’s a bit off topic | flickr.

In 1980s, Norwegian salmon industry developed on a large scale, which brought a problem, that is, furuncle began to spread in fish on a large scale. In order to protect salmon, Norwegian fishermen began to use antibiotics preventively and added them directly to fish feed. By the end of 1980s, the demand for antibiotics was increasing, and fishermen even used cement mixers to mix them into fish feed.

During that time, Norwegians prescribed an average of 24 tons of antibiotics every year, while salmon consumed 48 tons of antibiotics every year. Salmon used twice as many antibiotics as all Norwegians!

These fish feeds mixed with antibiotics were directly poured into the fishing ground and flowed into the nearby waters, so that high levels of antibiotics appeared in fish thousands of meters away from the fishing ground, and even in birds that feed on fish.

Local TV stations have produced relevant documentaries, calling on the government to issue an antibiotic supervision bill. However, the appeal was strongly resisted by fishing groups, and the documentary producers also received anonymous threat bombs. Documentaries have been banned, but the truth will never be buried. The public is paying more and more attention to the problem of drug resistance, and the fishery is under increasing pressure.

Fortunately, people later developed a salmon vaccine that can prevent furuncle, which can be injected from the abdomen of fish through automated procedures. This method not only reduces the use of antibiotics, but also stabilizes the salmon economy and has been vigorously promoted.

In 1994, vaccination of salmon became a routine operation in Norway, and the use of antibiotics plummeted.

In recent years, countries are trying to limit or stop using antibiotics in aquaculture. China has always advocated the rational and standardized use of antibiotics in livestock and poultry breeding. Announcement No.194 issued by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs stated that since New Year’s Day in 2020, the addition of antibiotics to feed in China has been completely banned.

Efforts to restrict or stop using antibiotics in aquaculture | Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China

The emergence of drug resistance predates the invention of antibiotics.

But the abuse of antibiotics makes it rampant.

Whether in the medical industry or animal husbandry, standardizing the use of antibiotics is to avoid producing drug-resistant bacteria and ensure that after human beings are infected with bacteria, antibiotics can kill bacteria and cure diseases.

However, the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria is not entirely the result of antibiotic use.

A study in 2012 found that there were many kinds of bacteria resistant to potent and advanced antibiotics in Lechuguilla cave, which was isolated from human civilization for nearly 4 million years. Among the 40 antibiotics tested by the researchers, a Bacteroides bacterium with the number LC231 is resistant to 26 of them.

Lechukier Cave | flickr

Another similar example is that in 2013, scientists analyzed a batch of microbial specimens from isolated Indians living in the depths of the Amazon jungle, who had never used antibiotics. The results showed that these microorganisms were resistant not only to natural antibiotics, but also to some synthetic antibiotics.

Therefore, it is actually natural evolution that initially caused bacteria to develop drug resistance.

For a long time, there are many kinds of bacteria in the soil. In order to compete for living space, they have to work hard to find ways to beat their competitors. Some bacteria have evolved the ability to make antibiotics and actively attack other bacteria. For example, the streptomycin we use now comes from streptomyces griseus in the soil. There are also some "Buddha" bacteria that only defend and do not attack. In order to defend their territory, they have evolved a set of mechanisms to resist the attack of foreign antibiotics, which is drug resistance.

Drug resistance is difficult to deal with because it is a defense mechanism that bacteria have evolved for thousands of years.

In the common defense system of bacteria, the outermost layer is the cell wall, which resists foreign attacks like a city wall, and the inner layer is a relatively thin inner membrane, which together protect the interior of bacteria from being destroyed.

When different kinds of antibiotics invade bacteria, they have different strategies:

Classification of attack modes against bacterial antibiotics

(1) by opening holes in the cell wall and cell membrane to launch a large-scale frontal attack, thus killing bacteria, such as polymyxin.

Frontal attack on cell walls and cell membranes | Photo courtesy of the author

(2) to prevent bacteria from building a complete cell wall, so that they lose protection and rupture and die, such as penicillin, cephalosporin, vancomycin, etc.

Prevent bacteria from building cell walls | Photo courtesy of the author

(3) Sneak into bacteria, control the "headquarters" in charge of the synthesis of important substances, interfere with the synthesis of nucleic acids, enzymes, protein, and inhibit bacterial reproduction, such as tetracycline, azithromycin, levofloxacin and sulfonamides.

"Hijacking" the bacterial "headquarters" and interfering with the synthesis of important substances | Photo courtesy of the author

In the process of resistance, bacteria constantly evolve through gene mutation, and some random mutations can just resist the attack of antibiotics, so this part of bacteria survived the battle and passed this mutation on to the next generation, giving future generations the ability to resist antibiotics. There are many forms of these mutations, mainly the following:

Classification of bacterial defense modes

(1) create cell walls that antibiotics can’t recognize, so that they can’t play a role, such as vancomycin-resistant drug-resistant bacteria.

② Shrink the boundary and reduce the permeability of the cell wall, so as to prevent certain kinds of antibiotics from entering the interior, or strictly limit their quantity, and weaken their bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects.

③ Use the efflux pump on the cell membrane to actively pump antibiotics out of the body.

(4) using the cleaving enzyme in bacteria to cut off antibiotic molecules, so that it loses its curative effect. One of the most famous enzymes is called "β-lactamase", which can cut off β -lactam antibiotics such as penicillin, cephalosporin and vancomycin.

⑤ Adding chemical groups to antibiotic molecules makes antibiotics huge and difficult to reach the "headquarters".

⑥ Change the shape or size of the target targeted by antibiotics, so that antibiotics cannot accurately identify and attack. For example, MRSA stopped synthesizing protein, which can be found by the antibiotic methicillin, and instead made another protein with different structure but the same function.

The drug resistance mechanism of drug-resistant bacteria found in Lechukier cave is almost the same as that of the well-known drug-resistant bacteria, and even several more than that previously known by human beings. This is enough to show that the mechanism of bacterial drug resistance is very old, and it may have existed before human activities.

So, what’s the point of restricting the use of antibiotics?

Of course there is.

In natural evolution, for thousands of years, the bacteria that produce antibiotics and the bacteria that resist antibiotics have restricted each other and reached a balanced competition. However, the overuse of antibiotics in the world has led to more and faster evolution of drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria, and drug-resistant bacteria in soil, water, homes and hospitals have flourished and flooded without substantial competition.

Therefore, although the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria is the result of natural evolution, the proliferation of drug-resistant bacteria is indeed caused by antibiotic abuse.

The terrible thing about flooding is that the speed of human research and development of new antibiotics can’t keep up with the speed of drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria. If this continues, there will be more and more infectious diseases without antibiotics, and the number of people who die from drug-resistant bacterial infections will also increase year by year.

The overuse of antibiotics in the world makes pathogenic bacteria evolve drug resistance more and faster | The University of Queensland.

Avoid drug resistance:

You can’t use more or less.

If you want to avoid the proliferation of drug-resistant bacteria and the horror scene at the beginning of the article, there are some ways.

First of all, don’t use antibiotics when they can’t cure the disease.

In the eighties and nineties, for many people, antibiotics were the "standard" for treating cough, fever and diarrhea, and they could be bought at pharmacies at any time without a doctor’s prescription. So, regardless of the cause of discomfort, let’s take an antibiotic first. At that time, in some remote areas, some people even took penicillin as a health care drug and gave it once a year to keep fit.

In many cases, there are no pathogens that can be killed by antibiotics. Antibiotics can only kill or inhibit specific pathogens through the mechanism mentioned above, but besides bacterial or fungal infections, people may get sick by virus infection, allergic reaction, inflammatory diseases, physical or chemical damage, etc. Antibiotics have no therapeutic effect on these situations.

When used in symptomatic cases, antibiotics can not cure diseases, but only increase the risk of drug resistance, without any benefit!

Antibiotics ≠ anti-inflammatory drugs

Many people are used to calling antibiotics "anti-inflammatory drugs". In fact, this statement is wrong, and the confusion of concepts can easily lead to some oolong incidents (click for details).

Strictly speaking, "anti-inflammatory drugs" should be called "anti-inflammatory drugs". Inflammation refers to a defensive response of the human body to stimuli, which is generally manifested as "redness, swelling and heat pain", which can be infectious inflammation caused by pathogens or non-infectious inflammation not caused by pathogens. Anti-inflammatory drugs refer to drugs that can resist these reactions, including steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (such as glucocorticoid) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (such as ibuprofen and acetaminophen).

In a word, the role of antibiotics is to kill or inhibit specific pathogens, and the role of "anti-inflammatory drugs" is to reduce the inflammatory reaction of the body. The roles of the two are different and the applicable diseases are different.

Having said so much about the dangers of antibiotics, should we regard antibiotics as a scourge and ban their use? Of course not! Since penicillin was discovered in 1928, the contribution of antibiotics to human health is beyond doubt.

According to a report in 2016, there are about 214,000 children under the age of 5 who die from drug-resistant infections every year in the world, but the number of people who die because they can’t get antibiotics is twice this number. Obviously, it is impossible to use antibiotics completely at present.

So, some "smart people" found a middle point by themselves: since it is not good to eat more, I will eat less. The doctor asked me to eat for three days if I ate for five days, and the doctor asked me to eat one if I ate two pills …

Please don’t! This is not treating a disease, but making a culture medium for drug-resistant bacteria. Because the pathogens always follow such a golden rule: those who can’t kill me will eventually make me stronger.

When the dosage and use time of antibiotics are not up to standard, all pathogens cannot be killed, and those who survive can easily evolve the best resistance to this antibiotic and pass on the resistance genes-not only to their offspring through reproduction, but also to other bacteria and others.

Therefore, when using antibiotics, we need to find a balance: use it when necessary, and use it correctly and standardly. For ordinary people, the most important thing is to use antibiotics in a symptomatic, adequate and full course of treatment. As for how to do these three things, it is good to use the medicine strictly according to the doctor’s advice.

In addition, for your own health, you should also supervise people around you to take medicine well.

references

[1] Muhammad H.Zaman. History of drug-resistant bacteria [M]. CITIC Publishing Group, 2021.

[2] Matuszewska M, Murray GGR, Ba X, et al. Stable antibiotic resistance and rapid human adaptation in livestock-associated MRSA. Elife. 2022 Jun 28.

[3] Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators. Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis. Lancet. 2022 Oct 1.

[4] Bhullar K, Waglechner N, Pawlowski A, et al. Antibiotic resistance is prevalent in an isolated cave microbiome. PLoS One. 2012.

[5] Clemente JC, Pehrsson EC, Blaser MJ, et al. The microbiome of uncontacted Amerindians. Sci Adv. 2015 Apr 3.

[6] Norman A, Hansen LH, S?rensen SJ. Et al. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. Conjugative plasmids: vessels of the communal gene pool. 2009 Aug 12.

Author: Purple clothes

Read the original text

　　According to the China Manned Space Engineering Office, the crew of Shenzhou 14 astronauts will return to the Dongfeng landing site in shenzhou spaceship on December 4. In order to welcome their return, the Shenzhou Medical Rescue Team of the Special Medical Center of the Strategic Support Force began to prepare for the war eight months ago.

"Report to the commander, find the rescue targets No.01, No.02 and No.03, and quickly carry out the nuclear inspection."

　　In the early winter, in the Shenzhou search and rescue drill field deep in the Gobi, with the order issued, three medical rescue helicopter engines roared, and 12 medical rescue detachment fighters carried medical rescue equipment, and the helicopter immediately descended from a height of 30 meters to the designated position.

　　After arriving at the scene, the Shenzhou medical rescue team immediately "showed off" new technologies such as field head and neck spine protection and anti-hypothermia integrated device, hemostatic preset needle, bone marrow cavity puncture infusion system, etc.3 seconds of successful bone marrow puncture, 30 seconds of hemostatic injection and 90 seconds of spinal protection.. This is a scene in which Shenzhou Medical Rescue Team, a characteristic medical center of the strategic support forces, organized a real-life practical training exercise in response to extremely complicated conditions.

　　The Special Medical Center of the Strategic Support Force undertakes the tasks of first aid before landing, evacuation after transshipment, general logistics hospital and rehabilitation after return, aiming at providing more reliable, safer and warmer medical care for astronauts. The characteristic medical center of the strategic support force gives full play to the two-wheel driving force of medical research, supports the actual medical support, organizes research and innovation, and repeatedly tests first-aid devices.

　　Gu Jianwen, director of the Special Medical Center of the Strategic Support Force and captain of the Shenzhou Medical Rescue Team, said, "The first thing for medical escort flying is technology first.Strategic support force characteristic medical centerFulfilling the dual functions of medical treatment and scientific research and realizing the deep coupling between medical treatment and scientific research is not only an important way to improve the space medical support ability, but also the mission and responsibility of the characteristic medical center of the strategic support force. "

　　Shenzhou medical rescue team moved thousands of miles to prepare for the battle for eight months. Starting from laying solid organizational piles, ideological piles and technical piles, in view of the special requirements of resisting low temperature, unclear vision at night and cold caused by wind in extremely cold conditions, it repeatedly discussed the night medical security strategy in cold areas, refined 13 kinds of medical treatment plans, optimized the standardized procedures for dealing with injuries, and aimed at the task characteristic system.Design low-temperature and cold-proof multifunctional gloves and a modular, information-based and integrated portable medical platform.We have compiled information management software for medical combat readiness materials, etc., improved the level of epidemic prevention and control, ensured the life, health and safety of astronauts, and made efforts to realize the transformation from receiving people to saving people, from relying on experience to outline procedures, from being able to use them accurately and reliably, from being able to use them in consultation to being conditioned, from having one’s own training to being able to use them freely, and from being reasonable to being strict.

　　"The astronauts will return soon. Next, we will continue to stand on our posts and make unremitting efforts to thoroughly study and implement the spirit of the 20th Party Congress.Complete the medical security task of escorting Shenzhou with high standards and high quality with the confidence to win and succeed, the courage to give up others, the technology of precise disposal and the spirit of hard work and dedication.. "Team member Dr. Zhu Ming said firmly.

Popular science classroom

Low-temperature cold-proof multifunctional gloves special for aerospace medical treatment

　　The Shenzhou-14 manned spacecraft is scheduled to return to the Dongfeng landing site in the cold weather at night. Due to the influence of geographical conditions and climate factors, the low temperature has brought great difficulties to medical rescuers in carrying out various tasks. In order to ensure the smooth and accurate medical treatment, Shenzhou Medical Rescue Team designed and equipped the "low-temperature and cold-proof multifunctional gloves for aerospace medical treatment".

Mainly reflected in the following aspects:

　　First, the warm-keeping function

　　1. All indicators of gloves areComply with the "hand protection — Cold gloves (GB/T 38304-2019)People’s Republic of China (PRC) national standard,Is suitable for the climatic environment as low as-50 DEG C,Work activities that require fine operation with both hands;

　　2, gloves are made of five layers of materials, the innermost is soft cotton material, to ensure the comfort of the hand, respectively outward in turn.It is provided with a retractable fiber layer, a thermal fiber layer, an antibacterial fabric layer and a waterproof and breathable fabric layer.. The metacarpophalangeal joint and thumb joint are designed with zipper respectively, and the outer layer is designed with lengthening and extension, at the same time, it has the function of self-contraction, which ensures the sealing and mobility between wrist and forearm;

　　3, while giving consideration to comfort and functionality, fully consider the adaptability of special environment, and choose fabrics at the same time.It has the functions of keeping warm, preventing sand and water.;

　　4. The inner layer on the back of the glove is expanded with a movable interlayer with a size of about 6×5 cm.Self-heating materials or electric heating sheets can be placed to improve the warm-keeping function..

　　Second, the operation function

　　1. The outer layer of gloves is provided with an integrated hook, which is used to be hung directly on clothes or bags after being taken off as a whole, so that it can be put on and carried;

　　2. When hand operation is needed, the finger gloves can be partially folded backwards by unzipping the metacarpophalangeal joints and thumb joints, and fixed on the back of the hand by hook and loop, so that all fingers are exposed for fine operation, and fingers can also be retracted into the gloves for heating at any time;

　　3. Thumb surface materialTouch screen designAnd ensures the accuracy of instrument operation under the condition of finger tip skin covering;

　　4. Outside the waterproof and breathable fabric layer on the palm sideIncrease anti-skid and resistance materialsTo ensure the stability and comfort of lifting, handling or grasping.

　　Authors: Junfeng Gao, Liu Xiaoming and Gao Chuan.

　　With the popularity of the Internet, there have been many technologies based on the Internet "cloud" recently. Recently, a user-friendly "sogou Cloud Input Method" was released. So, what exactly is the "cloud input method"? What kind of experience does it bring to users? Compared with the traditional client input method, what are its advantages and disadvantages? Next, let’s explore this "sogou Cloud Input Method" with the author.

　　One,What is "sogou Cloud Input Method"?

　　Sogou Cloud Input Method is a conceptual input method product based on Sogou Pinyin Input Method and cloud computing technology. Compared with the general input method, the most obvious difference is that it relies entirely on operation, has a stronger language model and thesaurus, and can greatly improve the input accuracy, especially the accuracy of long sentences. As a demonstrative concept product, sogou Cloud Input Method can only be used on web pages at present. (Excerpted from sogou Cloud Input Method) official website.

Fig. 1 technical schematic diagram

　　Second, the magical installation-free input method

　　Since sogou Cloud Input Method is an installation-free version, all users need to do is add this address to their favorites, which is very convenient and fast, especially on computers without client Pinyin Input Method. If users need to call sogou Cloud Input Method, they only need to directly open "Enable sogou Cloud Input Method" in favorites on the called page, and then they can use sogou Cloud Input Method to input. However, if users open a new page or refresh the page, they need to repeatedly open the "Enable sogou Cloud Input Method" in their favorites to use it.

Figure 2 Add to Favorites (or Click and Play)

Figure 3 Enable sogou Cloud Input Method

　　I thought that sogou Cloud Input Method would use ActiveX technology, which is a common method used by many domestic manufacturers. But as can be seen from the shortcut, sogou Cloud Input Method is based on JavaScript technology. This makes the sogou cloud input method more compatible, and can be widely used in various browsers and operating systems, and it is really easy to use without installation.

　　Third,Input experience

　　The status bar of sogou Cloud Input Method is very simple, and there are only four commonly used function buttons: Chinese-English switching, full/half angle switching, Chinese-English punctuation switching and closing. Sogou cloud input methods all adopt default settings, and users cannot change the input method settings. The functions of fuzzy sound and dynamic word frequency commonly used by users are not integrated.

Figure 4 Status bar of sogou cloud input method

　　Experience: When using sogou Cloud Input Method, the appearance of candidate words is slightly delayed (related to the network speed). But in terms of input accuracy, sogou Cloud Input Method is indeed more accurate than the client version. When the client input method installed by the user conflicts, the sogou Cloud input method automatically switches to the English input method state to avoid the conflict between the two input methods. Users only need to press the shift key to switch between the two input methods freely. The author comments on the input box of Pacific Computer Network, Sina Weibo input box, Discuz! All of them are used well. However, QQ on the web page is inconvenient to use and often cannot be successfully called.

Figure 5 Quick Input

Figure 6 Automatic conflict resolution

　　Fourth, the input measurement

　　As mentioned above, sogou Cloud is indeed more accurate than the client version. Then, I will use a paragraph to test the sogou Cloud Input Method, Input Method 4.3 and Input Method 2.3. All input methods have turned off the functions of fuzzy sound and dynamic word frequency. The author directly inputs the pinyin of a sentence, and then obtains the results of each input method candidate word/sentence.

　　Test a current news input test

　　China was hit by the first cold wave this autumn, with severe cooling in most areas. The temperature in some parts of Northeast China plummeted by more than 20 degrees Celsius. According to the statistics of the past 50 years, the time of the first snow in Beijing all the year round is around November 29 every year, and this year’s first snow time is a whole month ahead of schedule. (original)

　　Zhong Guo Zao Yu Jin Qiu Shouci Han Chao Tian Qi Xiji, (direct input pinyin test)

　　da bu di qu chu xian ju lie jiang wen tian qi。

　　dong bei ju bu di qu qi wen zhou jiang chao guo er shi she shi du。

　　gen ju guo qu wu shi nian de shu ju tong ji，

　　bei jing di qu chang nian chu xian chu xue de shi jian

　　zai mei nian de shi yi yue er shi jiu ri zuo you，

　　jin nian de chu xue shi jian ti qian liao zheng zheng yi ge yue。

　　test result　　

　　China encounters.score a goalThe first cold wave weather hit, and severe cooling weather occurred in most areas. The temperature in some parts of Northeast China plummeted by more than 20 degrees Celsius. According to the statistics of the past 50 years, Beijing area appears all the year round.begin to learnTime, around November 29th every year, this year’sbegin to learnThe time was advanced by a whole month. (sogou pinyin pinyin 4.3)

　　China encounters.score a goalThe first cold wave weather hit, and severe cooling weather occurred in most areas. The temperature in some parts of Northeast China plummeted by more than 20 degrees Celsius. According to the statistics of the past 50 years, Beijing area appears all the year round.bleedTime, around November 29th every year, this year’sbleedThe time was advanced by a whole month. (QQ Pinyin 2.3)

　　China was hit by the first cold wave this autumn, with severe cooling in most areas, and the temperature in some parts of Northeast China plummeted by more than 20 degrees Celsius. According to the statistics of the past 50 years, the time of the first snow in Beijing all the year round is around November 20 every year, and this year’s first snow time is a whole month ahead of schedule. (sogou Cloud Input Method)

　　By the way: it’s cold, netizens remember to add clothes.

　　Test 2 Life Common Sense Input Test

　　Eight things you should do to prevent influenza A (H1N1): washing your hands is the first priority; Avoid hand contact with eyes, nose and mouth; Cover with your hands when sneezing or coughing; Seek medical attention as soon as possible when you have a fever; Pay attention to disinfection of living environment; Avoid contact with respiratory patients; Do not eat undercooked pork; Avoid going to crowded people. (original)

　　Yu fang jia xing H 1 N 1 liu gan, ni yao zuo de ba jian shi: (direct input pinyin test)

　　xi shou shi di yi yao wu；

　　bi mian shou bu jie chu yan jing　 bi ji kou ；

　　da pen ti huo ke sou shi yong shou zhe yan ；

　　fa shao shi jin zao qiu yi ；

　　zhu yi wei ju zhu huan jing xiao du　 ；

　　bi mian jie chu hu xi bing ren ；

　　bu chi mei you zhu shu de zhu rou ；

　　bi mian qu yong ji de ren qun 。

　　test result

　　preventJiaxingH1N1 flu, what you have to do.One thing.: the first priority when washing hands; Avoid contact with eyes,Bijikou; Cover with your hands when sneezing or coughing; The fever was this morning.polo shirt;doctrineDisinfect the living environment; Avoid contact with respiratory patients; Do not eat undercooked pork; Avoid going to crowded people. (sogou Pinyin 4.3)

　　preventJiaxingH1N1 flu, what you have to do.Ba knowledge：absorptionThe first priority; Avoid contact with eyes,Bijikou; Cover your sneeze or cough with your hands; As soon as possible when you have a feverpolo shirt; Pay attention to disinfection of living environment; Avoid contact with respiratory patients; Do not eat undercooked pork; Avoid going to crowded people. (QQ Pinyin 2.3)

　　Eight things you should do to prevent influenza A (H1N1); Washing hands is the first priority; Avoid hand contact with eyes,Bijikou; Cover with your hands when sneezing or coughing; Seek medical attention as soon as possible when you have a fever.pay attention toDisinfect the living environment; Avoid contact with respiratory patients; Don’t eat undercooked pork and avoid crowds. (sogou Cloud Input Method)

　　Test three popular keyword input tests

　　From the above tests, we can see that it is indeed much more accurate to input long sentences and popular keywords by using "sogou Cloud Input Method". This should benefit from sogou’s powerful computing and storage server and rich thesaurus, which makes users input easily.

　　Note: Numbers in brackets are the serial numbers of candidate words.

　　Test 4 compatibility test

　　In order to test the compatibility of sogou Cloud Input Method, the author tries to use sogou Cloud Input Method for text input in popular browsers.

Figure 7 is running normally.

Figure 8 is running normally.

　　After testing, sogou Cloud Input Method works well under IE8, Firefox, Opera and Windows. On the contrary, it can’t be called in browser 3 based on IE core, and it works well in Maxthon 2. Sogou cloud input method benefits from JavaScript technology, and the browser has little influence on it. However, the programming language technology adopted by the input editing boxes on the network has become a stumbling block for sogou cloud input method. Although sogou Cloud Input Method is compatible with most input boxes on the Internet, there are still some input boxes that cannot call sogou Cloud Input Method, such as the log editing box in QQ space.

　　Editor’s note:It is reported that Windows of the World browser version 3.0 is temporarily not allowed to run JS directly from favorites due to security mechanism problems, but considering the needs of netizens, a new version will be released soon to solve this problem in a friendly way.

　　summary

　　Sogou Cloud Input Method is an innovative input method in China. With its powerful "cloud computing" technology and rich thesaurus, it provides users with an accurate input tool. Good compatibility, so that users who use various browsers and operating systems can use it.

　　Sogou cloud input method depends on the network, so it can’t be used without the network. Moreover, the response speed of displayed candidate words after input also depends on the user’s network speed, which seriously delays the user’s input speed for users with slow network speed.

　　Because sogou cloud input method can only be used in the edit input box of web pages, the narrow application scope seriously limits the possibility of popularization of sogou cloud input method. After all, at this stage, most users in China use input methods only in tools and tools. Moreover, sogou Cloud Input Method is limited to Pinyin input mode, and does not support Wubi input mode, which also limits the users.

The Fifth Session of the 12th Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference will hold its second plenary meeting in the Great Hall of the People at 3pm on March 9th. Many CPPCC members will give speeches on relevant topics. The meeting will be broadcast live on the website of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and related news websites. Please watch.

Live video address: www.cppcc.gov.cn/zhibo1.html

China Political Consultative Conference Network

March 9, 2017