On September 29th, the certification ceremony of C919 aircraft in type certificate was held in Beijing Capital Airport. Song Zhiyong (left), director of the Civil Aviation Administration of China, presented type certificate of C919 aircraft to He Dongfeng, chairman of Comac China.

　　Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Tao photo

　　Weinan Airport, located in pucheng county, Weinan City, Shaanxi Province, is a national civil aircraft research and flight test base. The picture shows the C919 large passenger plane at the airport.

　　Xinhua News Agency reporter Ding Ting photo

　　At 6: 52 on May 14th this year, the C919 passenger plane numbered B-001J took off from the fourth runway of Shanghai Pudong Airport and landed safely at 9: 54, marking the successful completion of the first flight test of the first C919 passenger plane that China Commercial Aircraft Corporation will deliver to its first customer.

　　Xinhua News Agency reporter Ding Ting photo

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader said that making the China big plane soar in the blue sky bears the national will, national dream and people’s expectation.

　　On September 29th, the Civil Aviation Administration of China awarded the C919 type certificate to Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China (hereinafter referred to as "Comac China"). From the establishment of the project in 2007 to the first flight in 2017, and then to the completion of evidence collection, it took 15 years, and the domestic large aircraft was finally allowed to engage in commercial operations and was about to soar above the blue sky.

　　What are the advantages of domestic large aircraft? Why build your own large civil aircraft? Our reporter interviewed Comac China and relevant experts in civil aviation.

　　Have a competitive advantage in many aspects

　　— — It is not only equipped with advanced systems and materials, but also provides passengers with a more comfortable ride environment.

　　On September 29th, the type certificate certification ceremony of C919 aircraft was held in Beijing Capital International Airport, which was an important milestone in the cause of China’s large aircraft, and marked that the large passenger aircraft with independent intellectual property rights developed by China in accordance with internationally accepted airworthiness standards passed the airworthiness certification. Since then, China has a single-aisle trunk airliner that can be put into operation.

　　"C919 completed the evidence collection, indicating that its safety and reliability meet the requirements of airworthiness regulations." Li Xiaojin, director of civil aviation university of china Institute of Aviation Economics, told this reporter that the C919 successfully made its first flight in May 2017. During the flight test period of more than five years, six trial aircraft have completed a series of flight test missions in Yanliang, Shaanxi, Nanchang, Shandong, Pudong, and Dunhuang, Gansu, and comprehensively verified the power and electrical systems, verifying the safety and reliability of the aircraft in various extreme situations such as stall, natural icing, high temperature and extreme cold. At 6: 52 on May 14th this year, the seventh aircraft of C919 jumbo took off from Shanghai Pudong Airport and landed safely at 9: 54, marking the successful completion of the first flight test of the first C919 jumbo aircraft that China Commercial Aircraft Corporation is about to deliver to its first customer.

　　Whether a civil airliner can be put into commercial operation is not decided by the manufacturer, nor by the operator, that is, the airline, but by airworthiness certification. The type certificate won this time is the ticket for large aircraft to enter the aviation market.

　　After getting the admission ticket, it depends on the advantages of domestic large aircraft if they want to gain a foothold in the aviation market.

　　C919 is equipped with advanced systems and advanced materials. According to Comac of China, the C919 wing design adopts supercritical airfoil design independently developed, which can reduce drag by 5%. The use of advanced materials such as Al-Li alloy and composite materials makes the structure lighter, which greatly improves the safety, economy and environmental protection of the aircraft. At the same time, it is equipped with advanced airborne systems and engines with superior performance.

　　For passengers, the wide fuselage of the C919 will provide more seating space. At the same time, it adopts high-efficiency air filtration system to provide passengers with high-quality fresh air, and the cabin lighting adopts humanized scene lighting design to create a warm and considerate comfortable environment.

　　The C919 is aimed at Airbus A320 and Boeing 737 series models, and adopts single-channel narrow-body layout, with 158 to 192 seats and a range of 4,075 to 5,555 kilometers. At the same time, the C919 is safe and reliable, backed by the vast China market, and has unlimited potential.

　　At present, C919 has accumulated more than 800 orders from 28 customers. "Before type certificate was acquired, there were more than 800 orders, which was quite impressive. The safety, economy, comfort and other aspects of the C919 are relatively suitable for market demand, and are suitable for domestic long-distance routes and neighboring Southeast Asian international routes. " Li Xiaojin commented like this.

　　An important milestone in China’s commercial aircraft manufacturing industry

　　— — It is a large jet civil aircraft developed by China and with independent intellectual property rights.

　　Why build a large domestic civil aircraft? Aviation manufacturing industry is known as the "flower of industry", with long industrial chain and high added value, involving hundreds of professional categories, which has high requirements for industrial capacity. Among them, the R&D and manufacturing capacity of large passenger aircraft is an important symbol of a country’s aviation manufacturing level and is also regarded as the embodiment of a country’s overall strength.

　　In the past ten years, the C919 research team insisted on independent innovation and open cooperation, successively conquered a number of key technologies, formed a number of core capabilities, tempered a number of talent teams, promoted a number of industrial development, and formed a capability platform to support the independent development of China large aircraft.

　　The person in charge of Comac China said that through the development of C919 large passenger aircraft, China has completed the whole process of design, manufacture, test, flight test and airworthiness certification for the first time, and has the ability to develop large passenger aircraft according to internationally accepted airworthiness standards.

　　C919 adopts the mode of "main manufacturer+supplier". As the main manufacturer of domestic large aircraft, Comac China is responsible for the design and development, system integration, final assembly, airworthiness certification, customer service and marketing of C919. Comac China conducts supplier selection and management for airframe structure and airborne system equipment nationwide. The structure of C919 is designed by Comac of China, and manufactured by many domestic enterprises, with completely independent intellectual property rights. The engine is provided by CFM, a US-France joint venture company, and the avionics system is provided by Angji Avionics, a Sino-US joint venture company.

　　The development of domestic large aircraft is also an important aspect to meet the dual needs of the national economy and development strategy. Li Xiaojin said: "The civil aviation industry is a national basic and strategic industry. Buying a large number of foreign aircraft makes our air transportation industry subject to people. At the same time, the price of Airbus A320 and Boeing 737 series aircraft is about $110 million to $120 million. If you buy hundreds of aircraft every year, it will cost tens of billions of dollars, which is relatively high. With the commercial operation of C919, it will accelerate the integration of upstream and downstream industries, amplify the industrial correlation effect of civil aviation and aviation manufacturing, and further improve the overall economic development quality. "

　　The aviation market in China is large.

　　— — In the next 20 years, China’s demand for passenger airliners is estimated to be 9,084, worth about 1.39 trillion US dollars.

　　At present, Airbus and Boeing account for the bulk of the global civil aviation aircraft market with more than 100 passengers. After C919 is put into commercial operation, what impact will China large aircraft bring to civil aviation?

　　— — Create new economic growth points.

　　China’s civil aviation transportation industry is in a period of rapid growth, and the domestic market demand is great. The development of domestic large aircraft will better meet the needs of China’s economic development and people’s travel, and create new economic growth points.

　　China Commercial Aircraft Corporation Market Forecast Annual Report (2021— 2040) predicts that in the next 20 years, more than 41,429 new aircraft will be delivered worldwide, with a value of about 6.1 trillion US dollars (based on the 2020 catalogue price). China aviation market will receive 9,084 new aircraft, with a value of about 1.39 trillion US dollars (based on the catalogue price in 2020). Among the newly accepted aircraft in China aviation market, the number of narrow-body passenger aircraft will reach 6,295. As the mainstream aircraft in the civil aviation transportation market, narrow-body passenger aircraft account for about 80% of China’s civil aviation fleet and 70% of the global fleet.

　　— — Promote the upgrading and development of the industrial chain.

　　C919 is the take-off work of China’s large civil aircraft industry, and the aviation manufacturing industry chain driven by C919 has great potential. It is expected that it will drive group breakthroughs in new materials, modern manufacturing, advanced power, electronic information, automatic control, computers and other fields, and will also enable aviation high-end raw materials, subsystems and parts manufacturers to achieve performance growth. At present, more than 20 provinces, more than 1,000 enterprises and institutions and nearly 300,000 people have participated in the research and development.

　　Taking materials as an example, the application of new materials is an important aspect of the development and progress of aviation technology. The manufacturing of large civil aircraft involves composite materials, titanium alloys, high-strength steel, etc. The development of C919, and a variety of new materials are applied to civil aircraft on a large scale for the first time, which not only leads to a breakthrough in material technology, but also brings great demand to the material industry.

　　The successful development of C919 will provide more choices for airlines and customers, more opportunities for suppliers and partners, and further stimulate the healthy competition and innovation vitality of the global commercial aircraft industry.

　　The airworthiness certification is only the first step for C919 to be put into operation, and the subsequent industrialization will take a long time. Li Xiaojin said: "According to public data, there are about 50,000 transport aircraft in operation around the world, of which Boeing and Airbus each account for about 45%. In the future, C919 should also strive for the european aviation safety agency airworthiness certificate and the US Federal Aviation Administration airworthiness certificate in order to put it into commercial operation in more countries. " He said that there is still a gap between China and the world-class level in aero-engine manufacturing and avionics system design. Compared with automobile and other industries, the aviation manufacturing industry has the characteristics of high technology added value and low labor intensity, and there are certain technical barriers. The technology in many sub-sectors of the industrial chain still needs to achieve a breakthrough from 0 to 1.

　　Slow and steady, with unlimited potential, China Big Aircraft will write more wonderful stories.

　　Investigation motive

　　"I still can’t figure out why I will be diagnosed with liver cancer." Recently, a online celebrity blogger posted a video of 7 minutes and 52 seconds on social platforms, claiming that he was only 25 years old and was diagnosed with liver cancer. In the video, he introduced in detail the information such as "liver cancer was detected during physical examination" and "the doctor told me that the chance of cure is not great". Once the video was released, related topics quickly rushed to the hot search list.

　　However, just as everyone expressed their regret and concern and encouraged him to "treat him well", things turned upside down — — Some netizens noticed the last flash of the video, and the subtitle showed that "the content of this video is purely fictitious". This made many netizens extremely angry, denouncing it as the traffic has no bottom line, and some netizens said, "Do you know that I saw my last mood as a patient with cancer?"

　　Finally, the online celebrity blogger made an apology. At present, the blogger has violated the platform community convention, and his account has been banned in stages, banned from being concerned, and suspended from advertising revenue.

　　On the network platform, how many people sell miserable drainage like the above-mentioned online celebrity bloggers? How to rectify the unscrupulous drainage behavior? The reporter conducted an investigation and interview for this purpose.

　　□ Our reporter Han Dandong

　　□ Intern of this newspaper Wang Yitian

　　"From sympathy to anger, it’s like riding an emotional roller coaster." A netizen commented on "online celebrity bloggers sent videos claiming to be diagnosed with liver cancer". Many netizens said that online celebrity’s explanation that "my initial intention in doing this issue was to attract people’s attention to my body" was unacceptable, saying that there was no need to find some high-sounding reasons.

　　"Just to drain." An industry insider who is engaged in online celebrity incubation recently said in an interview with the reporter of Rule of Law Daily that if it is really for the purpose of prompting health, it should be made clear at the beginning, but the blogger in online celebrity chose to mention "The content of this video is pure fiction" at the end of the video, and it was not explained in the copy.

　　The insider told reporters that in reality, some network anchors and bloggers use the sympathy and empathy of netizens to achieve rapid drainage and powder increase in a miserable way, and then realize cash. There are even some institutions that specialize in incubating this "man-made" online celebrity, and then make profits by receiving advertisements, setting up commodity purchase links, and live broadcasting with goods.

　　In fact, from the effect point of view, the above-mentioned online celebrity bloggers’ miserable selling videos have indeed achieved the purpose of drainage. In just one day, the blogger’s fans have reached more than 5.5 million, and the related videos have played more than 20 million, while his previous videos have played more than 3 million.

　　A number of interviewed experts said that behaviors such as selling miserable drainage, consuming sympathy, and taking advantage of suffering to make money have emerged in an endless stream on the online platform. The fabricated selling miserable "people set up" can’t stand the test, which violates social public order and good customs, and also violates relevant laws and network norms. Making profits by fabricating stories may also constitute criminal crimes such as fraud, and it is necessary to intensify the rectification of such chaos.

　　First, the auction was badly drained.

　　Then live broadcast with goods for profit.

　　"I failed to start a business for four years, and I will cancel my company tomorrow, and millions of people will hit Shui Piao." "I suddenly encountered family changes, and now I have cancer, and now I am heavily in debt." "Please help me, I just turned 20, and I was diagnosed with cancer." "My parents died when I was a child, and I dropped out of school to work at the age of 14" … …

　　The reporter noticed that at present, there are still many anchors and bloggers telling their sufferings to the camera on major short video platforms. Some people are dressed in rags, some people are sweating with manual labor, and some people are crying. These short videos can often arouse the sympathy of a large number of netizens, with a high number of hits, and the number of fans of anchors and bloggers is also growing rapidly.

　　For example, a blogger on a certain platform, whose previous works were mainly videos of major talent markets and recruitment markets, had only a few thousand broadcasts. Then, after releasing the video that I failed to start my own business and found out that I was suffering from oral cancer, the broadcast volume rose rapidly, exceeding 2 million.

　　It’s really hard to tell whether these videos are true or not. Some netizens left a message under these videos: I was touched, I hope I am not spending sympathy. Some netizens suddenly realized after seeing the blogger start live broadcast with the goods: so that’s it.

　　The reporter combed and found that it is not uncommon for fictional facts to sell miserably and then realize the realization of goods.

　　In a video, the protagonist is a white-haired old man with dark skin and wrinkled face. His hands are trembling and folded on his chest, and he choked and said, "I am 80 years old. What should I do if pomegranate can’t be sold?" The copy of the video is "This grandfather asked me to help him sell pomegranate, but I can’t sell it for 3 kg and 9.9 packages"; In another video, the same dubbing, sad music, a vicissitudes of life of the old man carrying two buckets of water staggered past, behind a pomegranate tree.

　　After verification, the above two videos were all posed. The pomegranate in the former old man’s house was sold out at that time, and the old man who carried water didn’t grow pomegranate at home. Facing the door-to-door law enforcement officers, video publisher Qiu Moumou said that this is to gain sympathy and attract attention to sell goods. Finally, law enforcement officers criticized and educated Qiu Moumou, and Qiu Moumou also expressed remorse for publishing false videos.

　　What’s more, under the banner of "helping the poor", through fictional life scenes, exaggerating and fictional poverty can achieve the purpose of attracting eyeballs and attracting fans, so as to live broadcast goods for profit. In 2021, the police in Liangshan Prefecture, Sichuan Province disclosed such a case: The "Korean Team" fictionalized the miserable life experience of Ajia, a little girl in Liangshan, who had no father or mother and could not afford to go to school, and then sold the apples produced by poor villagers. The so-called self-produced apples are all wholesale in the market.

　　In the end, members of the "Korean Team" were given administrative punishment, and the planner Zhao Moumou was administratively detained for 7 days according to law.

　　There are also bloggers who released videos that sold badly and defrauded money after gaining sympathy from fans, and were finally sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment for fraud.

　　Remediation of selling misery and draining chaos

　　Punish according to law and contract

　　According to Zhu Wei, deputy director of the Communication Law Research Center of China University of Political Science and Law, online celebrity belongs to the category of public figures. Judging from some court decisions, the personality rights of public figures are restricted to some extent. online celebrity has a large number of fans, and his expression should bear a higher duty of care than ordinary people, which comes from both the moral level and the legal level.

　　"In today’s developed network communication, some online celebrity have millions of fans, and the benefits of a live broadcast are very considerable. Online celebrity’s words and deeds may cause netizens to imitate, discuss and discuss, so he must bear the social responsibility that matches it and need to be bound by higher moral standards. " Zhu Jie, a senior partner of Taihetai (Chongqing) Law Firm, believes that bloggers and anchors in online celebrity have a wide audience, and it is easy to cause social controversy and disrupt public order by fabricating stories of selling tragedies and spreading rumors.

　　In Zhu Jie’s view, deceiving netizens through false information and gaining sympathy to get high traffic is essentially that online celebrity gains benefits through deception, which should be given a negative moral and legal evaluation and punished in various ways. If online celebrity obtains donations and rewards from netizens by fabricating false information, it is suspected of fraud.

　　In order to rectify the chaos of selling and draining, the relevant departments are taking active actions.

　　In March of this year, the Central Network Information Office launched a two-month "Clear and Strict Renovation ‘ Since the media ’ Chaos "special action, focusing on social, short videos, webcasts and other types of key platforms, resolutely crack down on outstanding problems such as" self-media "rumors, counterfeiting, illegal profits, and strictly deal with them to create a clear cyberspace. It is mentioned that strict rectification of "self-media" uses vulnerable groups to realize traffic, including cajoling, luring the elderly to shoot videos, setting up live broadcasts, and defrauding netizens to like, reward and donate; Deceive and seduce disabled people, and gain traffic through illegal and immoral ways such as selling badly, spoofing and abusing.

　　On March 28th, the State Council Information Office held a press conference on the "Clear and Clear" series of special actions in 2023. Niu Yibing, deputy director of the National Internet Information Office, responded to the problem of content-oriented governance of short videos at the meeting, pointing out that "comprehensively cleaning up short videos that are misdirected and mislead the public by forging scenes, compiling details and fictional experiences" is one of the main contents of this special action.

　　A staff member of a short video platform told the reporter that for all kinds of illegal videos or live broadcasts such as "sex, ugliness, strangeness, falsehood, vulgarity and gambling", the platform will comprehensively investigate and clean up the anchors and guilds suspected of the above behaviors, and give the following penalties according to the actual behavior severity, subjective malice and impact of the anchors:

　　Give warning and stop broadcasting punishment for the first violation, and educate and control it; For the second time, the right to live broadcast was recovered for 7 days in violation of regulations, and it was required to pass the online examination and training, and the broadcast was resumed after the examination passed; For the third time, the right to live broadcast was illegally recovered for 30 days, and it was required to receive offline training and education. After passing the exam, it resumed broadcasting and asked it to publicly release the self-discipline announcement video; For those who repeatedly violate the norms for more than four times and cause adverse social impacts, the live broadcast rights will be recovered indefinitely and publicized, and the relevant guilds will be warned to publicize, freeze their rights until they are retired, and at the same time, they will be reported to the higher authorities as the case may be.

　　The staff member said that for anchors and guilds with serious violations or involving illegal and criminal acts, the platform will take the initiative to report the industry blacklist and report the relevant information to the public security and other relevant departments.

　　However, experts pointed out that for some videos that sell miserably, if there is no obvious violation of the law, the relevant anchors may have to repeatedly violate the rules before they can be completely removed from the platform. If they are not reported, the platform may find it difficult to take the initiative in time. Compared with the flooding degree of such videos and online celebrity’s huge profits, the punishment is obviously weak.

　　Establish a joint disciplinary system

　　Promote platform public co-governance

　　Zhu Jie believes that platform supervision and public opinion supervision are the key to rectify this kind of chaos. The network platform should fulfill the main responsibility of information content management, and take ecological management, real-time inspection and timely disposal of network information. If it is found that the behavior of selling miserable drainage is found, the platform can ban it, and if the circumstances are serious, the live broadcast room will be banned and it is forbidden to start broadcasting again.

　　"Webcast platforms should strengthen supervision and punishment measures, especially for online celebrity bloggers who have been banned. Major live short video platforms need to reach a consensus and join hands to resist. In addition, complaints and reports can be set up in a prominent position, and netizens can report such anchors and bloggers to realize the network ecology of the platform and the public. " Zhu Jie said.

　　Han Xinhua, an associate professor in the Department of Law of the School of Cultural Industry Management of China Communication University and director of the Teaching and Research Section of Cultural Rule of Law, believes that at present, the platform mainly manages itself according to the community code and user agreement, and takes disciplinary measures to users who violate the rules, such as restricting their functions, stopping their work and banning them, according to the severity. Law enforcement agencies that constitute illegal crimes will impose penalties. The punishment of a single platform is not enough, and it is necessary to form a joint force.

　　Zhu Wei suggested that joint punishment and classified management of credit should be carried out, and the credit of online celebrity, who fabricated false facts and violated moral laws, should be downgraded to a certain extent or seriously violated the rules to a certain extent, and should be given a title. Secondly, the actual users, account owners, registrants and MCN institutions behind online celebrity account should bear relevant responsibilities.

　　"The responsibility of the platform should be increased. For videos with hot spots, high clicks and high replies, the platform should strengthen the review before pushing it to a higher hot spot, and the platform algorithm should also strengthen supervision. If the works in the platform are hot, the platform should bear greater responsibility. If there is a problem, the platform should jointly punish the actual users, account owners, registrants and MCN institutions behind this account." Zhu Wei said.

　　Han Xinhua believes that brokerage institutions and trade associations should play more roles. Brokerage agencies and contracted anchors are a community of interests, so they should regularly train their contracted network anchors in communication ethics, policies and laws, and conduct daily supervision and guidance on their behavior.

　　In addition, Zhu Jie also mentioned that administrative law enforcement departments can impose administrative penalties such as fines, detention and revocation of business licenses on online celebrity and related institutions, or unify the market "white list" access standards. "The lure of interest brought by the huge traffic has led some online celebrity to make great efforts to do something appalling and make up stories to gain attention. Relevant departments should give positive guidance to this disorderly pursuit of interests and investigate and deal with violations of laws and regulations in a timely manner. "

　　Comics/Gao Yue　　

　　Agricultural brand is an important symbol of agricultural and rural modernization, and cultivating and developing agricultural brand is an important starting point for comprehensively promoting rural revitalization and accelerating the construction of an agricultural power. In 2022, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs issued the "Excellent Agricultural Brand Cultivation Plan (2022-2025)", which defined the objectives, tasks and measures for strengthening agricultural brands. In 2023, the No.1 Document of the Central Committee proposed to support poverty-stricken areas to build regional public brands. In this issue, invited experts will discuss issues related to brand strengthening agriculture.

　　Actively cultivate agricultural brands

　　What is the current development of agricultural brands in China?

　　Hu Glacier (Director and Researcher, Agricultural Products Trade and Policy Research Office, Institute of Rural Development, China Academy of Social Sciences): Agricultural brand building is an important measure to promote the high-quality development of agriculture. Cultivating and developing agricultural brands is conducive to improving the modernization level of the whole agricultural industry chain, guiding the gathering of high-quality resources, and promoting the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, which is an important way to increase farmers’ income and enhance agricultural competitiveness.

　　In recent years, the state has issued a series of policies and measures around building agricultural brands. In 2022, the No.1 Document of the Central Committee proposed to carry out the actions of improving agricultural varieties, improving quality, building brands and improving standardized production. In 2023, the No.1 Document of the Central Committee proposed to support poverty-stricken areas to build regional public brands. In April this year, the General Office of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs issued the "Implementation Plan for Supporting Poverty-stricken Areas to Build Regional Public Brands (2023-2025)", emphasizing the efforts to build regional public brands in poverty-stricken areas and promoting the effective connection between consolidating and expanding poverty-stricken achievements and rural revitalization.

　　All localities actively cultivate agricultural brands in light of their own reality. For example, Heilongjiang Province, as a major agricultural province, has made great efforts to build a provincial-level high-quality agricultural brand with "excellent black soil", build a "1141" agricultural brand system and build a life-cycle agricultural brand management mechanism. In order to strengthen the construction of agricultural brands and establish and improve the mechanism of cultivation, development and protection of agricultural brands, Hainan Province has promoted the establishment of an agricultural brand catalogue system.

　　Agricultural brands have achieved practical results in promoting the quality and efficiency of agricultural industries. According to estimates, compared with 2012, in 2022, the output of public brand agricultural products in China agricultural brand catalogue area increased by nearly 55%, and the sales increased by nearly 80%, driving the income of local farmers to increase by 65%. From the current development of agricultural brands in China, it has the following characteristics.

　　First, regional public brands, corporate brands and product brands have developed rapidly. According to the data of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, in recent years, agricultural and rural departments at all levels have further promoted brand strengthening agriculture and cultivated a number of influential agricultural brands. By the end of 2021, about 3,000 regional public brands, 5,100 enterprise brands and 6,500 product brands have been cultivated by provincial agricultural and rural departments. According to relevant reports, Wuchang Rice, as a regional public brand, has a brand value of 71.31 billion yuan in 2023.

　　Second, the cultivation of agricultural brand products and brand assistance have achieved results. The "Excellent Agricultural Brand Cultivation Plan (2022-2025)" proposes that by 2025, we will focus on grain and oil, fruits and vegetables, tea, animal husbandry, aquatic products and other categories, build a number of regional public brands of agricultural products with excellent quality, distinctive features, strong driving force, high reputation and consumer loyalty, and cultivate and promote a number of enterprise brands and high-quality features with excellent products, good reputation, obvious industrial driving effect and core competitiveness. In 2022, 75 brands including Wuchang Rice, Enshi Potato, Luochuan Apple, Wenchang Chicken and jinxiang garlic were included in the agricultural brand quality cultivation plan, and 69 brands were included this year. In terms of agricultural brand assistance in poverty-stricken areas, by the end of 2022, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs had taken the lead in helping 20 key counties, and the average premium of branded agricultural products in poverty-stricken areas exceeded 20%.

　　Third, the variety, quality and brand of agricultural products are integrated with each other. In the process of agricultural and rural economic development, the rapid growth of corporate brands has brought about market segmentation, which often reflects the quality differences in the early days. In recent years, with the continuous emergence of new crop varieties, the protection of intellectual property rights has gradually increased, and more and more new varieties are deeply bound to brands. For example, in 2022, many new corn varieties such as "Denghai 2035", "Denghai 2052" and "Denghai 2056" independently developed by Denghai Seed Industry passed the examination and approval, and "Denghai" became the brand prefix of crop varieties.

　　Fourth, the ability of brand marketing and promotion has been improved, and the speed of brand renewal has been greatly accelerated. With the help of the Internet, agricultural brands promote consumer reach and sales through digital marketing. With the help of well-known exhibitions and other platforms at home and abroad, the promotion efforts have been intensified, and various channels such as video and live broadcast have been used to enhance the communication power. High-quality agricultural products have been sought after more and more, and new agricultural brands have begun to emerge, including many emerging, innovative and differentiated agricultural brands. For example, Xuwen pineapple, fire crystal persimmon and other high-quality agricultural products quickly became popular. Cultivating agricultural brands needs to consider long-term value, which also requires building a comprehensive brand development strategy.

　　Fifth, the brand participation of consumers continues to increase. In the traditional sense, consumers’ contribution and participation to the brand depends on factors such as culture and habits. However, with the development of mobile Internet, more and more consumers’ feedback has been absorbed into the cultivation and development of agricultural brands. The relationship between agricultural brand cultivation and consumer feedback is getting closer and closer. Some consumers directly send the design drawings of product packaging and brand to manufacturers through short videos, and some consumers participate in brand promotion through media.

　　We should also see that at present, there are still many problems in China’s agricultural brands, such as excessive but not refined, large but not strong, and brand influence needs to be improved, which is also the focus of brand promotion in the future. With the improvement of the level of economic and social development, more and more excellent agricultural brands will come to the fore, constantly meeting the people’s growing needs for a better life.

　　Help improve agricultural quality and increase farmers’ income

　　What is the role of agricultural brands in promoting agricultural quality and efficiency and increasing farmers’ income?

　　Liu Naiyong (researcher, National Agricultural Market Research Center, China Agricultural University): In recent years, China’s agricultural brands have mushroomed, which not only allows consumers to enjoy more high-quality agricultural products, but also plays a significant role in promoting the high-quality development of agricultural industries and increasing farmers’ income.

　　First of all, agricultural brand building has promoted the development of agricultural industry standardization. Agricultural products have natural non-standardized characteristics, and coupled with a series of processes such as cleaning, sorting, packaging, warehousing and logistics, it is difficult for agricultural products to maintain stable quality and consumption experience. Cultivating and developing agricultural brands has enabled many new agricultural operators to embark on the road of standardized production, and through modern industry and digital technology, the whole process of agricultural products from field to table has been standardized. In the process of brand building, agricultural business entities promote the whole agricultural industry to form a more mature division of labor system, optimize the efficiency of industrial factor input allocation, and greatly improve the total factor productivity of agricultural industry. For example, wuchang city, Heilongjiang Province, following the development idea of "building a brand, bringing vitality to an industry and enriching farmers", built a regional public brand of Wuchang rice, comprehensively promoted the standardized production of Wuchang rice, standardized all the processes and procedures such as seed, planting, storage, processing, environment and traceability management, established and improved the whole process standard system from field to table, and promoted the high-quality development of Wuchang rice, with an output value of about 16 billion yuan in 2021. Zhashui County, Shaanxi Province actively builds a regional public brand of auricularia auricula, cultivates a number of auricularia auricula strains unique to Zhashui, promulgates local standards in Shaanxi Province, establishes a technical service system for enterprise demonstration planting and the whole process of auricularia auricula industry, implements the standard awareness rate and reaches 100%, and promotes the transformation of auricularia auricula from relying on traditional experience to modern standardized production, achieving annual cultivation of about 100 million bags of auricularia auricula and production of about 5,000 tons of dried auricula, effectively driving farmers to increase their income.

　　Secondly, agricultural brands communicate both ends of supply and demand, which promotes the adjustment and upgrading of agricultural industrial structure. By creating agricultural brands, the differentiated characteristics of agricultural products such as physical geography, production process, technology and product quality are passed on to consumers, and agricultural brands become a "bridge" for communication between producers and consumers. At the same time, in the process of cultivating and developing agricultural brands, changes in the consumer market are constantly fed back to agricultural business entities, promoting the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure. For example, Qingcaitou was originally a traditional planting variety in Fuling District, Chongqing, and pickled mustard tuber with it was a snack for people on both sides of the Yangtze River. With the fast pace of people’s life, the consumption demand of simple fast food, business trip and accompanying dishes is expanding rapidly. Grasping the opportunity of changing consumer demand, Fuling District has made great efforts to build a regional public brand of Fuling mustard tuber. While adhering to the traditional production techniques, it has continued to develop and promote excellent varieties with high yield and disease resistance and suitable for harvesting machines, keeping up with market development and demand, innovating product research and development, and building a brand matrix. Today, Fuling mustard tuber has become a pillar industry with an annual output value of more than 13 billion yuan. Traditional production techniques have been listed in the national intangible cultural heritage list. The products are sold all over the country and exported to Japan, Australia, the United States and other countries and regions.

　　Thirdly, the creation of agricultural brands has promoted the upgrading of industries with traditional characteristics and advantages, and helped rural revitalization and farmers’ income increase. At present, China’s consumer demand has changed from focusing on quantity growth to pursuing quality life, and the development of agricultural industry has also paid more attention to improving quality and efficiency. Developing agricultural brands can effectively promote the upgrading of industries with traditional characteristics and advantages, and help revitalize rural industries and enrich the people and strengthen agriculture. For example, xuwen county is the largest pineapple producing area in China, accounting for more than one third of the country’s pineapple planting area. With the increasing variety of fruits, xuwen county has built Xuwen pineapple regional public brand, promoted excellent varieties of pineapple, issued regional public brand logos, established pineapple buyers’ alliance, vigorously organized the docking of production and marketing, and promoted Xuwen pineapple sales growth. The industrial output value climbed from 980 million yuan in 2018 to about 2.5 billion yuan in 2022, which led to about 50,000 farmers. There are many industries with traditional advantages like Xuwen pineapple in China, and brand building is a powerful means and an effective path to promote its upgrading, help rural industries revitalize and realize enriching the people and strengthening agriculture.

　　"internet plus" promotes brand building

　　What are the practices of cultivating and developing agricultural brands in China in e-commerce marketing and digital empowerment?

　　Qi Yunlan (Research Fellow, Institute of Market Economy, the State Council Development Research Center): In recent years, all localities have attached great importance to the cultivation and development of agricultural brands, and used various marketing methods such as the Internet, e-commerce and new media to publicize agricultural brands, expand marketing channels of agricultural products, empower agricultural fields with digital technology, and enhance the level of agricultural modernization and promote the construction of agricultural brands through digitalization, networking and intelligence.

　　The first is to introduce an e-commerce platform to help build a high-quality agricultural brand. From a national perspective, many villages and towns based on the advantages of local resources, by introducing e-commerce platforms such as Tmall and JD.COM, cultivate e-commerce talents, open up channels for production and marketing, and improve the scale and standardization level of production and sales of advantageous agriculture, so that one village (or several villages) can own a brand product or brand industry with great market potential, obvious regional characteristics and high added value. Moreover, the scale of some village-level dominant brand agricultural products has gradually expanded to towns and even counties, forming dominant industrial clusters with brand influence, and the brand development effect and spillover effect are remarkable. Taking changge city as an example, e-commerce has become an important starting point to promote the innovation and development of brand agriculture. Twenty well-known e-commerce platforms, such as Alibaba International Station, Tmall, AliExpress and JD.COM, were introduced locally, and more than 20,000 online stores were opened. In 2022, e-commerce transactions reached 16.7 billion yuan.

　　The second is to strengthen the introduction and cultivation of e-commerce talents, widely use new media marketing methods such as live broadcast and short video, publicize and promote agricultural brands, and expand agricultural product marketing channels. From the practice of various places, great efforts have been made to strengthen the training and introduction of e-commerce talents and enrich product connotations and scenarios. Many local governments, together with industry associations, have organized training to explain the contents of "prospering agriculture through several businesses", live broadcasting with goods, brand building, etc., and trained a group of "new farmers" who have mastered the operation ability of new media to strengthen the promotion of agricultural brands. At the same time, build online celebrity products and expand the market influence of agricultural brands. In some places, in the construction of agricultural brands, through the cooperation of the government, enterprises, farmers and associations, the quality of agricultural products is improved and the brand connotation is enriched from the aspects of building a green production system and a quality and safety traceability system. With new e-commerce formats such as content e-commerce, interest e-commerce and social e-commerce as the carrier, we will build brand image through multiple platforms and channels, enrich marketing scenarios and promote the sales of agricultural products. According to data from the Ministry of Commerce, in the first half of 2023, the online retail sales of rural physical goods nationwide was 1.02 trillion yuan, up 11.3% year-on-year.

　　Third, relying on big data of agricultural products trading and using digital technology as a means to optimize the whole agricultural industry chain and accelerate the development of agricultural branding. In recent years, rural e-commerce is extremely active, and a large number of online real-time transaction data are gathered in the process of agricultural products e-commerce transactions. Agricultural product producers and operators in various places use the user data of e-commerce platform to understand consumer demand in multiple dimensions, and apply big data acquisition and analysis technology to dynamically match the supply chain management of agricultural products and fill the shortcomings of sales channels. At the same time, improve the traceability system of agricultural products, standardize and optimize the whole industrial chain and supply chain of agricultural products from production, packaging, transportation, storage to sales and after-sales, and increase the added value and brand premium of agricultural products. For example, in promoting "developing agriculture through several businesses", Shanghai connects the supply and demand sides through platforms such as Life, Pinduoduo, and Meituan to promote the sales of agricultural products, especially brand-name agricultural products, and better meet the living needs of urban residents. According to a survey, 42.6% of Shanghai residents are willing to pay a premium of 10% to 30% to choose branded agricultural products, and the online repurchase rate is 84.1%.

　　Fourth, give full play to the guiding role of the government. Relevant departments, in combination with the characteristics of regional agricultural resources, make clear the overall goal and development direction of regional agricultural products branding, and plan the integrated development of regional public brands and industrial clusters. In practice, all localities attach great importance to the construction of special agricultural products production and processing bases, logistics industrial parks, basic information networks and other facilities, providing a strong guarantee for large-scale production, sales and logistics. In particular, by uniting rural e-commerce enterprises, we will jointly build a warehouse-distribution logistics integration base and share warehouse-distribution manpower, material resources and site resources, thus significantly reducing the distribution cost of express delivery enterprises and the storage cost of rural e-commerce enterprises.

　　To sum up, under the background of "internet plus", China’s agricultural brand cultivation methods have been continuously innovated, and the level of standardization, digitalization and traceability has been significantly improved. E-commerce, live broadcast, short video and other new media marketing channels have been widely used in the field of agricultural product marketing, and an agricultural brand development model based on standardized production and quality certification has been initially formed, with digital empowerment, production and marketing docking and brand building as the means.

　　Focus on local products and create a golden business card for regional development

　　How can all localities give full play to their unique resource advantages, do a good job in "local products" and promote the development of agricultural brands?

　　Hu Xiaoyun (Director, China Agricultural Brand Research Center, China Rural Development Research Institute, Zhejiang University): Our country is rich in special agricultural products, which are unique in regional ecology, variety quality, technological characteristics, cultural connotation and product flavor. As an excellent local product, geographical indication agricultural products have become an important carrier to build agricultural brands.

　　Since the beginning of this century, all localities have given full play to their unique resource advantages, done a good job in "local products" articles, from theoretical research to policy support, and started with the creation of regional public brands of agricultural products, so as to brand distinctive agricultural products, enhance the resource value of local products, and achieve a win-win situation for all parties.

　　First, theoretical research helps the development of agricultural branding. The most distinctive resources in China’s agriculture are geographical indication agricultural products based on the ecological and cultural connotations of specific regions. The number of theoretical research results on the creation and management of special geographical indications and regional public brands is increasing. For example, the number of papers on China Knowledge Network with agricultural brands and regional public brands of agricultural products as keywords is increasing, and the theoretical support system for agricultural brand building is constantly being built. The theoretical research of relevant teams in colleges and universities has promoted the development of agricultural brands in China, especially the branding process of high-quality local products, and also promoted the introduction of relevant support policies.

　　The second is to strengthen the protection and management of agricultural products with geographical indications. Based on an international perspective, relevant departments actively promote the protection of origin, the registration of geographical indications trademarks and the registration of geographical indications of agricultural products, promote the development of agricultural products with geographical indications, and learn from the international experience of agricultural products brand development to promote the system design of agricultural brand development. More and more attention has been paid to the development of agricultural brands in various places, and a series of agricultural brand building with local characteristics has been carried out. In 2019, new special signs for geographical indications were released. The Notice of the General Office of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on Doing a Good Job in the Implementation of the Protection Project of Geographical Indications Agricultural Products in 2022 proposes to tap traditional farming culture and cultivate regional brands with geographical indication agricultural products as the core.

　　Third, steadily promote the branding of agricultural products with geographical indications. All localities have promoted geographical indication agricultural products to create a regional public brand of agricultural products with a single category (industry), and become the leading brand and platform brand of local agriculture, which has enhanced the brand value of local products. For example, Yanchi County in Ningxia strives to build a regional public brand around Tan Sheep, and professional institutions design brand strategies and spread brands for it. Yanchitan sheep (meat) has been selected as a national geographical indication protection product, China Agricultural Brand Catalogue 2019 regional public brand of agricultural products, etc. In 2022, the total industrial chain output value of Tan sheep in Yanchi County reached 6.45 billion yuan, and the income from Tan sheep breeding accounted for more than 50% of the per capita disposable income of local farmers. At present, the regional public brands of agricultural products based on geographical indications have more and more market influence, and have formed a brand cluster effect.

　　The fourth is to explore the creation of regional public brands of multi-category agricultural products. Based on the actual situation of mountainous areas in China, such as many agricultural categories, small scale, scattered planting blocks, unique varieties and techniques, relatively poor regional economy and weak regional influence, all localities explore and promote the construction of agricultural brands, create regional public brands of multi-category agricultural products, and force product standardization through branding to improve product quality. Relying on the unique mountain ecological environment, Lishui City, Zhejiang Province has built a regional public brand "Lishui Shangeng" (registered as a collective trademark) of multi-category agricultural products, gathered regional agricultural resources, let "mountain products" go out of the "mountain gate" and enhance the brand value of ecological fine agricultural products. It has formed many industries such as fungi, tea, fruits, vegetables and medicines, and the annual sales of "Lishui Shangeng" agricultural products exceeded 10 billion yuan. Chongqing’s "Ba Wei Yu Zhen", Gansu’s "Gan Wei", Inner Mongolia’s "Tian Fu Hetao", Shandong’s "Jining Li Yi" and Zhejiang’s "Sanqu Wei" and other multi-category regional public brands of agricultural products also rely on the historical and cultural characteristics of various places to strengthen the cultural, narrative, unique and intangible value premium functions of the brands, highlighting the cultural value of local high-quality local specialties.

　　At present, relying on rural regional ecology and high-quality local products to build agricultural brands, local characteristics and cultural values are highlighted, making local local products a golden business card for regional development and effectively promoting local economic development.

Wang Chuanfu, chairman and president of BYD, announced at BYD’s intelligent strategy conference on the evening of February 10 that the high-level intelligent driving system "Eye of God" was officially released and divided into three versions. Among them, the three-laser version (DiPilot 600) is mainly used for looking up models, the laser version (DiPilot 300) is mainly used for Tengshi and BYD models, and the three-eye version (DiPilot 100) is mainly used for BYD models. (Securities Times)

　　　　　　 CCTV News:The 10th Beijing Xiangshan Forum will be held in Beijing International Convention Center tomorrow (October 29th). Up to now, official delegations from more than 90 countries and international organizations, including Russia, the United States, Singapore, Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia, have confirmed their participation. Beijing Xiangshan Forum adheres to the concept of "equality, openness, tolerance and mutual learning" and is committed to gathering wisdom, expanding consensus and enhancing mutual trust. It has developed into an important platform for international security and defense dialogue and has important international influence.

Beijing Xiangshan Forum was held in 2006, and it has been 17 years since then. Our reporter interviewed military experts who participated in every forum in the past and will soon participate in the tenth forum. So, what was their initial impression of the forum? What are the most profound changes that I have felt over the years?

Jiang Xinfeng, Academy of Military Sciences:The first Xiangshan Forum was entirely for scholars, probably a round-table meeting of scholars from 21 countries. At that time, it was entirely an academic dialogue meeting. Later, it was upgraded from Track 2 to Track 1.5, which is a semi-official and semi-scholar discussion platform for security issues with the participation of scholars.

From the round-table meetings attended by dozens of scholars to the official delegations of more than 90 countries and international organizations this year, among them, 22 representatives at or above the ministerial level of national defense, 14 representatives at the general level of the armed forces, and more than 200 experts from more than 50 countries (regions) signed up for the meeting. Experts attending the meeting felt that the scale of Beijing Xiangshan Forum is getting bigger and bigger, the specifications are constantly improving, and the topics are getting wider and wider.

Li Shuyin, Academy of Military Sciences:At first, the discussion was only focused on the security issues in the Asia-Pacific region, but now it has been extended to the whole global security issues, not only traditional but also non-traditional. For example, this year’s design focuses on the European security architecture, the Northeast Asian security architecture and the Asia-Pacific security architecture centered on the ASEAN region, as well as nuclear security, maritime risk management and technical security issues.

Beijing Xiangshan Forum is not only a platform for international security discussions, but also a platform for cultural exchanges.

Li Shuyin, Academy of Military Sciences:For example, when we go out to attend an academic delegation and visit abroad, we will meet these old friends inadvertently. They can clearly remember their participation in Xiangshan Forum, including who was the host of their speech, including what hotel they stayed in, what delicious food they ate during this period, what delicious food they ate in China and what memorable gifts they bought, which may also be a witness to the expansion of China culture.

Li Shuyin said that the rising influence and attraction of Beijing Xiangshan Forum is behind the rising status of China.

Li Shuyin, Academy of Military Sciences:China’s status and role as a great power, and China’s role in international and regional security are constantly improving.

[Autohome Shaoxing Discount Promotion Channel] News, the much-anticipated electric vehicle is currently under promotion in Shaoxing. Buyers can enjoy a cash discount of up to 28,000 yuan, which directly reduces the starting price of the vehicle to 188,600 yuan. This undoubtedly brings real car purchase benefits to consumers. Take this opportunity and click "Check Car Price" in the quotation form, so that you can further lock in a more favorable car purchase plan. Don’t miss this good time to save costs, take action now!

The EPi 008 sets the trend with its unique design concept. The front face is simple and atmospheric, equipped with an exquisite air intake grille, with smooth lines and a sense of power. The overall style fuses technology and sports elements to show a futuristic exterior design, showing a high attractiveness to drivers and passengers.

The car series eπ 008 has an elegant side profile with its delicate body lines. Its length, width and height are 5002mm * 1972mm * 1732mm, and the wheelbase reaches 3025mm, which provides the vehicle with excellent spatial performance and handling stability. The front and rear wheelbases are 1650mm, showing a balanced front and rear counterweight. In terms of tire specifications, the eπ 008 is equipped with 265/45 R21 tires. The tire size not only guarantees driving performance, but also gives the vehicle a unique visual effect. The wheel style design further enhances the overall sense of movement.

内饰方面，eπ008展现出简约而豪华的风格。精致的皮质方向盘采用人体工学设计，提供手动上下及前后调节，确保驾驶者的舒适操控。中控台配置了15.6英寸的大屏，集成了多媒体系统、导航与电话等功能，支持语音识别，操作便捷且智能化。座椅材质选用仿皮，主副驾驶位均配备前后调节、靠背调节以及高低调节功能，包括腰部支撑，提升乘坐舒适度。此外，座椅还具备加热和通风功能，以及电动记忆功能，方便驾驶者根据个人喜好进行调整。后排座椅不仅支持前后移动和靠背调节，还设有腿托调节，空间利用十分灵活。整体内饰设计注重实用性和豪华感，为驾驶者和乘客营造出高品质的车内体验。

车系eπ008搭载了一款1.5T涡轮增压发动机，其最大功率达到了108千瓦，为车辆提供了147马力的动力输出。这款发动机配合电动车单速变速箱，确保了车辆在日常驾驶中的顺畅操控和性能表现。

总的来说，汽车之家车主对于eπ008的外观设计情有独钟，认为它耐看且引人注目。尽管他提到了漆面问题，这在一定程度上影响了车主的体验，但他也建议其他车主贴车衣以保护车辆。车头虽然不显霸气，但其低风阻系数带来能耗优势。车尾的MPV风格设计以及流媒体后视镜的独特性，是其魅力的一部分。尽管存在一些瑕疵，车主的积极评价和建议为潜在买家提供了一份有价值的参考，让我们期待eπ008在实际使用中能带来更多的惊喜。

The fuel consumption or endurance performance of a car is related to the later car cost, and many netizens pay attention to its performance. Not much to say, let’s take a look.

Let’s take a look at the appearance of Passat first. The front of Passat looks very individual and has a lattice grille, which looks sporty. Coupled with headlights, it is very visually impactful. The car is equipped with LED daytime running lights, automatic opening and closing, adaptive far and near light, automatic steering, delayed closing, rain and fog mode and so on. Coming to the side of the car body, the size of the car body is 5006 mm * 1850 mm * 1489 mm. The car adopts angular lines, and the car body presents a domineering and stylish design style. With large-sized thick-walled tires, the overall visual effect is very young and individual. Looking back, the rear of the car looks sharp, the taillight style is solid, and the exhaust pipe below adopts the design of bilateral single outlet, which is very cold.

When I came to Passat, the interior looked very personal and the overall recognition was high. The steering wheel of the car is very dignified and made of leather, which makes people fondle it. Let’s take a look at the central control. The car is equipped with a touch-sensitive LCD central control screen, which makes the interior style impressive and looks cute. Finally, let’s look at the dashboard and seats. The car is equipped with a young and fashionable dashboard, which highlights the trendy temperament. The car uses leather seats, which are wide and thick, and the overall comfort and wrapping are not bad.

Passat is matched with a wet dual clutch (DCT) gearbox, with an acceleration time of 7.6s seconds per 100 kilometers, which has good power performance and is completely OK for daily use.

The car is equipped with car networking, driving mode selection, remote control key, interior atmosphere light, engine start and stop and other configurations, which is quite rich in functions, which is undoubtedly very friendly to drivers.

After reading the above description, Xiaobian will make a summary. The moderate size of the car is a very suitable choice for many families, and the internal space is enough for daily use in families.

Profile picture: On August 17th, the Royal Air Force Typhoon F2 jet fighter (bottom) intercepted a Russian Bear -H strategic bomber over the northern Atlantic Ocean (top).

Profile photo: On August 17th, the Royal Air Force Typhoon F2 jet fighter (top) intercepted a Russian Bear -H strategic bomber (bottom). [Source: British Ministry of Defence website]
Mass production of the new "Poplar-M" intercontinental missile, restarting the aircraft carrier, resuming the global strategic patrol interrupted by strategic bombers for 15 years, proposing to deploy nuclear weapons in Belarus, and testing the most powerful conventional bomb … In recent months, the Russian army has frequently "shown its sword" and showed its "military muscle" to the world, making the west, which is bent on compressing Russia’s strategic space, nervous.
Lack of funds once trapped hands and feet.
In the 1980s, former Soviet strategic bombers frequently carried out long-range patrol flights. At that time, Tu -95, Tu -22 and Tu -16 strategic bombers were mainly used to carry out global strategic patrol missions, and their patrol areas covered vast areas such as the Pacific Ocean, the Arctic Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, due to the economic depression and the reduction of military expenditure, the Russian army stopped its global strategic patrol activities in 1992.
Since the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the allocation for Russian military spending has been reduced year after year, and by 1999, the actual military expenditure was only $4.7 billion. Russian military personnel refer to this budget as the "death budget".
The funding problem has become the biggest bottleneck restricting Russian military reform and development. Due to the shortage of military expenditure, the Russian military’s equipment cost has been reduced again and again, and it can only repair the existing equipment and purchase a small amount of weapons, and the equipment situation has gone from bad to worse.
According to the statistics of the Russian Ministry of Defense at the end of 1999, the intact rate of aircraft and ships is only 50%, and the intact rate of helicopters and tanks is only 30%. Sergeyev, then Minister of National Defense, said frankly: "At least 30% of Russian weapons cannot be used on the battlefield."
Insufficient military spending has seriously affected the Russian military’s combat readiness and training activities. Due to the lack of fuel, planes lie prone at the airport, tanks are locked in the warehouse, and the training time of air force pilots is much lower than it should be, resulting in frequent flight accidents due to improper operation.
　　Russian troops rallied.
"Russian pilots have been on the ground for too long. It’s time for them to soar." President Putin said.
After Putin took office, he repeatedly said that he would increase military spending, so that the scale of the military budget should not be less than 3.5% of the gross national product. The improvement of Russian economy and the substantial increase of energy income have provided conditions for President Putin to fulfill his promise. In recent years, the Russian military budget has started to grow by leaps and bounds: from 411.5 billion rubles (US$ 1 is about 25.5 rubles) in 2004 to 820 billion rubles in 2007, the Russian military expenditure has increased by more than 20% every year.
The increasing military spending has made the Russian army frown slightly. With money, new weapons can be equipped. In 2006, Russia’s anti-ordering funds reached 236.7 billion rubles, an increase of 53.5 billion rubles compared with 2005. The Russian army greatly increased the procurement of advanced weapons and equipment such as high-precision weapons, efficient reconnaissance and radio electronic warfare complexes, and automated command systems. The "Baiyang -M" intercontinental ballistic missiles were deployed one after another, the first boat of the "God of the North Wind" class strategic nuclear submarine was launched, the new strategic missile "which can break through any anti-missile system" was successfully tested, and the S-400 air defense missile equipment unit, the strategic nuclear force of the Russian army and the combat readiness level of the air and space defense system were greatly improved.
The treatment of Russian soldiers is also improving. Since January 1, 2006, the salaries of Russian soldiers have increased by 15%. President Putin has also formulated the "15+15" plan for this purpose, stipulating that an additional 3 billion rubles will be allocated within two years to guarantee military housing.
With money, the equipment is no longer idle. The Russian army has increased the scale and quantity of military training, carried out long-range raids by strategic bombers, patrolled the ocean by naval formations, conducted missile tests by strategic missile units, and held joint military exercises with the armies of other countries from time to time.
Various reconnaissance activities of the Russian army resumed one after another. Zhikharev, deputy commander of Russian long-range aviation, said not long ago that Russian long-range aviation plans to conduct strategic patrol flights twice a week, covering the northeast Atlantic, Norwegian waters, the North Sea, the Sea of Japan and the area near the Arctic Circle. In fact, Russian bombers had carried out various reconnaissance flights many times before President Putin announced the resumption of strategic bomber patrols. According to reports, on August 8, two Tu -95MC bombers of the Russian Air Force went to Guam for strategic patrol and conducted reconnaissance and surveillance on US military bases and exercises.
Show "chest muscles" and "fists" to the west
Not long ago, a photo released by the media was quite eye-catching. In the photo, President Putin is fishing by the Yenisei River. The president didn’t wear a shirt, and the August sun shone on his strong chest muscles. An article on the website of The Times of England said, "Putin is showing his strength with bare arms." Indeed, President Putin showed not only hexapod muscles, but also clenched fists.
Take the global patrol of strategic bombers as an example. The Tu -160 and Tu -95 strategic bombers that perform tasks are all equipment of the last century. Although they are a little old, they are still quite easy to use. Tu -160 is an important means to destroy enemy deep targets. It can launch short-range attack missiles at subsonic low altitude, and can also carry out missile strikes and nuclear strikes at high altitude and supersonic speed. Tu -95 is equipped with advanced airborne electronic equipment, navigation system and new cruise missiles. At the same time, it is equipped with multifunctional navigation attack radar, optical aiming system, electronic jamming equipment and aerial refueling equipment, which has long-range strategic attack capability.
The west was also quite nervous about whether these bombers were cruising with live ammunition, and it was not until Russian military personnel officially said that the plane would fly with practice bombs that they breathed a sigh of relief.
On September 11th, the news that the Russian military successfully tested and exploded the most powerful conventional bomb in the world surprised the West again. It is reported that this super bomb, known as the "father of the bomb", contains 7.8 tons of new high explosive. Although the total amount of explosive is slightly less than that of the "mother of the bomb" of the US military, it is four times more powerful than its opponent because of the advanced formula, and the explosion radius reaches an astonishing 330 meters. From the TV screen, a huge crater appeared on the ground after the explosion of the "Father of Bombs", and the building near the test site was completely destroyed.
The Russian army frequently shows its "chest muscles" and "fists", which means more tit-for-tat with the West in addition to the recovery of military strength brought about by the enhanced economic strength. Taking Russia’s resumption of the global patrol of strategic bombers as an example, Colonel Alexander Drobyshevski, spokesman of the Russian Air Force, once said that Russia unilaterally stopped the long-range strategic patrol mission of strategic bombers to remote areas in 1992. However, other countries continue to carry out similar flights, which poses a certain threat to Russian national security.
For Russia, there are still many places where security is threatened. For example, despite Russia’s strong opposition and Russia’s initiative to propose alternatives, the United States insists on deploying anti-missile defense systems in the Czech Republic and Poland. Although the United States has repeatedly claimed that the deployment of anti-missile systems in Eastern Europe is aimed at countries such as Iran, its real intention should be known to everyone on earth. Since the United States can run to the door to deploy anti-missile systems, Russian strategic bombers can certainly fly out of the country to launch.
Although the west has a low-key response to the frequent "swords" of the Russian army, it has always been on high alert in secret. On September 6th, when the Russian-Tu -95 strategic bomber flew to the Atlantic Ocean to carry out strategic patrol mission, Britain dispatched four Tornado F-3 fighters and Norway dispatched two F-16 fighters to intercept it. In the future, Russian strategic bombers will cruise regularly, and it is not known whether there will be a misfire between the two sides.
When analyzing the reasons for the recent series of big moves by the Russian army, the British "Economist" magazine believes that the external reasons are secondary, and the main reason is that Putin and the Kremlin want to restore their inherent culture and rebuild Russia’s glory.
National strength is the foundation of military strength, and military strength is the display of national strength. From this perspective, the British "Economist" view is not unreasonable. (Author: Xiao Lan Editor: Zhao Ligen/Internship Editor: Gao Lili)

Editor: Cao Jin

1905 movie network news On April 19th, Rene Liu, the director, appeared on the Nanjing campus with her directorial debut "Later Us". The scene not only gave generous hugs, but also comforted the students present with "touching their heads and killing them", which was also praised by the students on the scene for her film being as warm as her people. To my surprise, Mr. Tian Zhuangzhuang also appeared at the meeting to support the film. This time, Rene Liu brought films into the campus, which caused a fierce response. Tickets for the "Later Us" campus meeting were hard to find, and the venues were full. Some fans even came to Wan Li to meet the director.

According to Rene Liu, the inspiration for the film "Later Us" came from her short story "Going Home for the New Year". She said that she wanted to show the working and emotional life of ordinary people in the past ten years, so she had this film. As for Rene Liu, who first directed the tube, Tian Zhuangzhuang also praised his accurate expression of the characters, which surprised him. At the same time, Rene Liu was calm and clear about what he wanted and didn’t want. At the end of the activity, the students at the scene shouted "Happy Birthday to Jing Bao and Jian Qing" to help Jing Bo Ran, the hero of the film.

Rene Liu exposed the film inspiration from his short stories and offered "touching his head to kill" to give students strength.

As the first film directed by Rene Liu, many people will be curious about why Rene Liu filmed Later Us in her first film and what she wanted to express. In this regard, Rene Liu said at the scene that this story is actually an adaptation of his novel Going Home for the New Year. "It turns out that there is a novel in my book called Going Home for the New Year. It is about a man and a woman who go to work in a big city. When they go back to their hometown every year, their emotional state will be different. Sometimes they are friends, sometimes they are lovers, sometimes they are quarreling, sometimes they are in love, and sometimes they have broken up, but usually we will have good news when we go home.

After watching the film, the students present said: "The film is very sincere. Zhou Dongyu and Jing Bo Ran are laughing and playing. On a happy day, although they are silly, they are pure and have no impurities. They once had a life that was worthwhile." Talking about the expectation of the film, Rene Liu also said: "I hope the audience can see the emotions I want to express in the film. Everyone in the filming team put their emotions into this film. If you are a little moved, it will be my happy thing."

With the upcoming release of the film, the popularity of the film "Later Us" continues to heat up, and tickets for the road show meeting are hard to find. More enthusiastic fans went to Nanjing not far from Wan Li just to see Rene Liu, and Rene Liu also offered a warm heart to comfort the students present and give them strength. In the communication with the students on the spot, many senior graduates are deeply confused about entering the society, just like the hero and heroine in the movie. Rene Liu also encouraged them to say, "You should remember that you would rather suffer more when you are young, because you still have a lot of time, experiences and opportunities to bear failure, so I expect you to suffer a little when you are younger, do things you like and meet different people."

Tian Zhuangzhuang’s tear acting skills are praised as true and delicate. Students want to call their parents when they are touched by the scene.

During the live movie-watching session, Tian Zhuangzhuang’s father role touched all the students present. The students all said, "Many details in the movie remind me of my own parents. Seeing Qing and Lin’s father seem to see the state of our own communication with our parents when they quarrel. After watching the movie, I want to call them and say sorry to them." Tian Zhuangzhuang’s superb performance has also been recognized by many students, and some students praised him: "Teacher Tian Zhuangzhuang’s acting skills are blown up."

It is worth mentioning that Tian Zhuangzhuang’s role as a father moved the students present, saying that they saw their state of getting along with their parents. At the end of the film, his father’s letter also made the students cry. Tian Zhuangzhuang also revealed at the scene: "My father’s letter was written by director Rene Liu himself, so it will be so real and moving."

When talking about Rene Liu’s first time as a director, Tian Zhuangzhuang praised him even more. He said: "Rene Liu was not short of money when she was a director for the first time. She made decisions all the time and handled all kinds of things properly, and her accurate expression of the characters surprised me." Rene Liu also responded: "Director Tian Zhuangzhuang is our spiritual leader, and he is not playing. He was the role when he entered that environment."

When the roadshow came to the school, many seniors were facing graduation, and they were also confused about the future. Teacher Tian Zhuangzhuang also answered the confusion on the spot: "Do anything with your heart, don’t care about gains and losses, don’t care about anything, and deliver all your love to what you want to do, and you will definitely get something." At the same time, he also said: "University is the most wonderful time in life. I hope students will cherish it, so that they will make a very good contribution to society."

The film "Later Us" was pre-sold in advance, detonating the May 1st quality team to help director Rene Liu’s debut.

At the end of the activity, the students at the scene raised their mobile phones to create thousands of stars to support Rene Liu’s first film "Later Us" and sang "Later". The scene was moved and pleasantly surprised. As April 19th was the birthday of the film hero Jing Bo Ran, the students at the scene also shouted "Happy Birthday to Jing Bao" to support the film. Up to now, the movie "Later Us" has exceeded 660,000 on the ticket purchasing platform. Since the pre-sale started on April 13th, nearly 30 million ticket rooms have been pre-sold. The strong emotional resonance makes it the most anticipated movie in May 1st.

The film tells the story of a pair of lovers who have been in love for ten years. It is directed by Rene Liu, supervised by Zhang Yibai, starring Jing Bo Ran, Zhou Dongyu and Tian Zhuangzhuang, and directed by Li Pingbin, a famous cinematographer known as the "poet of light and shadow". The screenwriter Yuan Yuan and the screenwriter Shing-Ming Ho co-wrote, and the artistic director of If Love Zhai Tao, with the help of costume designer Wu Lilu, the film will be released on April 28th.

　　In 2023, the soda ash market experienced great changes, and the price fluctuation was obviously intensified. This paper mainly analyzes the changes of soda ash market in 2023, and looks forward to the changes and unchanged in 2024.

　　I. Important changes in soda ash market in 2023

　　In 2023, the soda ash market has undergone many changes, both in supply and demand, and in the market competition pattern. As an important part of three acids and two alkalis, soda ash is known as the "mother of chemical industry". Because of its high degree of standardization and relatively easy preservation, there are more participants in soda ash futures and spot. On the whole, the changes of soda ash market in 2023 include the following five aspects:

　　First, the price fluctuation cycle of soda ash is shortened, and the price elasticity is intensified. Taking the price fluctuation of 1000 yuan/ton as the boundary, it will take several months or even years for soda ash to get out of a 1000 yuan/ton band before 2022, and the soda ash market will experience two waves of 1,000 yuan rise and two waves of 1,000 yuan fall in 2023. In 2023, the huge fluctuation of soda ash showed the characteristics of short-term strong outbreak, and most of the thousand-point market in the year was completed within 1.5-2.0 months. This change has an obvious impact on market participants. If we can’t change our thinking quickly, both spot and futures operations are prone to losses.

　　The picture shows the trend of domestic soda ash futures and spot prices from 2021 to 2023 (unit: RMB/ton).

　　Second, the supply of soda ash continued to increase, and the production capacity increased to a new high. In 2023, the domestic output of soda ash was about 32.54 million tons, an increase of 3.34 million tons, with an increase of 11.44%. This output accounts for nearly half of the global soda production, and has reached a record high. The sharp increase of soda ash production in 2023 is mainly affected by the release of daily production capacity and the increase of operating rate. In 2023, the domestic soda production capacity will increase by 6.3 million tons.Head enterprises represented by Jinshan, Henan Province continued to expand their production capacity. In 2023, the profits of ammonia-alkali method and combined alkali method (double tons) were 876 yuan/ton and 1387 yuan/ton respectively, which stimulated the operating rate to increase by 2.78% to 88.04% during the year.

　　Third, the concentration of soda ash upstream is further improved. The biggest change of soda ash market in 2023 is the sharp increase of industry concentration, and the leading enterprises’ control over prices is obviously enhanced. According to the data of Baichuan Yingfu, by the end of 2023, the effective production capacity of domestic soda ash was about 37.8 million tons, among which the top three enterprises (Henan Jinshan, Boyuan Yingen,The total production capacity is 13.2 million tons, accounting for 34.92%; The total production capacity of the top ten enterprises is 23.7 million tons, accounting for 62.70%. If the production capacity of the same group is combined, the top five enterprises in Henan Jinshan, Zhongyan Group,The total production capacity is about 22.1 million tons, accounting for 58.47%; By the end of 2022, the production capacity of the top five soda enterprises accounted for about 51.11%. Not only is the number improved, but Jinshan, Henan Province is the lowest-cost soda enterprise in China and the lowest-cost chemical soda enterprise in China. The market share of low-cost enterprises has increased, and the impact of the change in operating rate on the market has greatly increased. In addition, China National Salt Group, which ranks in the top five, is the main producer of soda ash delivery products in China, and the domestic soda ash production cost is high. The ecological environment in Qinghai is fragile, environmental protection problems are prone to repeated fermentation, the cost of seawater is high, the price sensitivity is high, and it is easy to reduce production after losses.

　　Fourth, the downstream demand of soda ash reached a record high. In 2023, the domestic total consumption of soda ash was about 31.32 million tons, an increase of nearly 2 million tons compared with 2022. The main increase comes from the increase of photovoltaic glass production. From January to November 2023, the domestic photovoltaic glass output was 22,593,300 tons, an increase of 8,119,300 tons compared with the same period of last year, with a growth rate of 56.10%. It is estimated that the domestic photovoltaic glass output will be 25 million tons in 2023, an increase of 8.8 million tons compared with the same period of last year, and the demand for soda ash will increase by 1.76 million tons. In addition to the impact of the increase in photovoltaic glass production, the increase in lithium carbonate production also brought about some increase.

　　Fifth, soda ash imports hit a new high for many years. In 2023, the export volume of soda ash was about 1.47 million tons, and the import volume was about 770,000 tons, which reached a new high in more than ten years. In 2023, overseas soda production capacity increased slightly, but the growth rate of overseas demand was low. In 2023, the center of gravity of domestic soda ash price moved up, and the spot price rose above 3,000 yuan/ton for many times. After the price difference between domestic and foreign markets was opened, leading glass enterprises and large traders actively imported natural alkali with lower price, mainly American alkali and Turkish alkali. According to the CIF price of US$ 210/ton and the exchange rate of US$ 7.10 against RMB, the total cost of importing trona (including customs duties, value-added tax and transportation fees) for glass enterprises is only RMB 2,000/ton. When the domestic price rises above 2600 yuan/ton, and the price difference is greater than that of 600 yuan/ton, even considering the risk of falling spot price, the import is still profitable.

　　Second, the change and invariability of soda ash market in 2024

　　1. Constant: High volatility continues.

　　The constant price of soda ash, a basic chemical, will be its frequent change, and the high fluctuation characteristics of soda ash will continue in 2024. Soda soda, a non-hazardous chemical, has a high degree of standardization, so it has been widely concerned by market funds. In addition to institutional investors, in recent years, soda production, consumption and trade enterprises have also actively participated in the futures market, and the current institutions are constantly emerging and their influence on the market is increasing. In the constant game of the market, the price fluctuation of soda ash is also obviously intensified, and the high fluctuation will continue in the future.

　　Due to the high fluctuation of soda ash, there are obvious hedging opportunities in the upper, middle and lower reaches of the industrial chain. From 2021 to now, domestic spot price and futures of Shahe heavy soda ashThe price difference of the contract fluctuates obviously, and most of the futures are discounted to the spot, but there have also been several waves of futures premium spot trends. Under the pessimistic expectation, the soda ash futures price in 2023 is mostly discounted in cash, but two waves of soda ash surge in the year make the basis quickly repaired. At present, the soda ash market is still characterized by a large discount on spot futures, and downstream enterprises should actively pay attention to the opportunity to buy soda ash near the cost price in the distant month for hedging. Upstream enterprises rely on spot prices to sell recent contracts for hedging.

　　2. unchanged: the expectation of oversupply is hard to change.

　　Since March 2023, the main trading logic of soda ash market has been the expectation of oversupply brought by production capacity. In 2023, the domestic soda production capacity increased by 6.3 million tons, and there are still nearly 3 million tons of production capacity to be released in 2024. According to the production pace of soda ash, the oversupply of soda ash in 2024 is expected to be obvious, especially in the first half of the year, there are few maintenance arrangements for enterprises, and the supply pressure brought by new production capacity will have a greater impact on prices, and the trend of SA2405 is downward.

　　3. No change: the maintenance effect will continue to ferment.

　　In 2023, the soda ash market fluctuated greatly, and besides the impact of the release rhythm of new capacity, the phased maintenance of old equipment also had a more obvious impact on the price. The surge of soda ash from July to August, 2023 was driven by "delayed launch of new production capacity" and "large-scale overhaul of old equipment", and the surge of soda ash in November, 2023 basically continued the dual drive. Looking forward to 2024, the spot and futures prices of soda ash will face obvious price pressure in the first half of the year, with the increase in imports and the release of new capacity at the beginning of the year, and the maintenance in the first half of the year is usually less. If the price drops sharply in the first half of the year, especially after falling below the cost of ammonia-alkali process, the overhaul of soda ash market will increase obviously, and it is likely to exceed the supply increment brought by new production capacity. From the time point of view, the large-scale overhaul of soda ash in 2024 may take place in June-August, and the double pressure of high temperature superposition and falling prices in summer will promote the overhaul of soda ash enterprises. If the maintenance happens as scheduled, the price of soda ash is likely to rebound in stages.

　　The table shows the influence matrix of soda plant commissioning and maintenance on the price.

　　4, unchanged: photovoltaic glass brings incremental demand.

　　In 2023, 19 domestic photovoltaic glass production lines will be added, and the daily melting capacity will increase by 19,750 t/d to 99,810 t/d. In 2023, the incremental demand of photovoltaic glass for soda ash will be nearly 1.8 million tons. In 2024, domestic photovoltaic glass will still be in the cycle of capacity expansion, and the demand for soda ash will increase, which will still be the main source of incremental demand for soda ash. Affected by the early warning system of photovoltaic glass production capacity and the slowdown of demand growth, after considering the maintenance and other factors, it is estimated that the domestic photovoltaic glass production capacity will increase by 20,000-25,000 t/d to 120,000-125,000 t/d in 2024, the annual output will increase by about 6 million tons, and the demand for soda ash will increase by 1.2 million tons.

　　5. Constant: Downstream demand remains rigid.

　　In 2023, the market of soda ash is mainly driven by the supply side, and the demand side is relatively less sensitive to the price. The downstream of heavy alkali is mainly used for float glass and photovoltaic glass, while the downstream demand of light alkali is relatively dispersed but closely related to food, clothing, housing and transportation. Before the price of soda ash rose above 3000 yuan/ton, the demand of heavy alkali and light alkali changed little; When the price rises above 3000 yuan/ton, the downstream of heavy alkali will obviously reduce the purchase, and some downstream of light alkali will reduce the production to reduce the loss. Because the demand for soda ash is relatively rigid, changes in the supply side will lead to huge price fluctuations. With the continuous increase of photovoltaic glass production, the proportion of heavy alkali demand will continue to increase, and the change of soda ash demand side will be smaller.

　　6. Change: non-traditional demand or exceeding expectations

　　In 2024, the demand for soda ash is expected to increase by 2 million tons, which is close to that in 2023. The incremental demand brought by photovoltaic glass is slightly reduced, and the demand for float glass is slightly increased. Represented by lithium carbonateThe demand for alkali will increase, and new fields such as nano-zinc oxide will create some new demand areas. On the whole, the demand for soda ash in 2024 is not pessimistic, and we will continue to pay attention to the production capacity of photovoltaic glass and the non-traditional demand changes represented by lithium carbonate in the later period.

　　7. Change: the end of the high-profit pattern

　　On the whole, the pattern of soda ash market in 2024 is set to be loose supply, especially in the first half of the year. In 2024, the expectation of oversupply in soda ash market will be fulfilled with a high probability, and the price center may be significantly lower than that in 2023. According to the average price of 2000 yuan/ton of heavy alkali, the average profit of ammonia-alkali process may drop to 200-300 yuan/ton in 2024, which is obviously lower than the average profit of 876 yuan/ton in 2023. In 2024, soda ash spot enterprises may experience staged losses, and individual enterprises may withdraw from the market.

　　8. Change: The overall operating rate of the industry will decline.

　　Under the background of production capacity, it is expected that the price of soda ash will drop and the profit will drop in 2024, and the industry operating rate will decline. Among them, the low-cost natural alkali may maintain a high operating rate, and the operating rate of high-cost combined alkali and ammonia-alkali method may show a downward trend. Periodic losses and maintenance may lead to the operating rate of soda ash industry falling below 80%.

　　9. Change: The import volume may be significantly reduced.

　　In 2023, the import of soda ash increased sharply, and the core reason was the expansion of internal and external price difference. In 2024, the operation center of soda ash price will move down and the import window will be closed. It is estimated that exports will drop significantly in 2024, and the annual export volume may drop to around 400,000 tons, which is lower than 770,000 tons in 2023.

　　10. Change: The mode of trade may continue to change.

　　Influenced by the opportunity brought by the fluctuation of soda ash price, a large number of current institutions have emerged in the domestic soda ash market since 2021, among which Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai-based institutions are deeply involved. With the advantages of capital, talents and information, current merchants have become one of the leading forces in soda pricing. Through the combination of existing machines, the spot price has become an important way of soda ash spot circulation. Leading float glass enterprises, such as Qibin and Xinyi, also began to use the point price to purchase. Under the impact of the new model, the trade pattern of soda ash has changed greatly, especially in Shahe and Hubei, two delivery warehouses.

　　11. Change: the direction or change of goods.

　　In 2023, a large amount of new capacity of soda ash was released, among which 4 million tons of new capacity of Yuanxing Energy and 2 million tons of new capacity of Jinshan, Henan Province had the most significant impact. Due to the limited consumption of soda ash in northwest China, most of the soda ash in Inner Mongolia and Qinghai needs to be sold abroad. With the continuous release of new production capacity, the trade pattern of domestic soda ash market will also change in the future. The low-cost Yuanxing trona will mainly circulate in the northern region, and Henan Jinshan will further enhance its market share in Central China and East China. The original soda enterprises with North China and Central China as the main consumption areas will pay more attention to the regional markets such as East China and South China in the future, and the competition will be more intense.

　　12. Change: Downstream pricing power will be significantly enhanced.

　　In 2024, the price of soda ash shows a downward trend as a whole, the upstream pricing power will be weakened, the downstream pricing power will be enhanced, and the profit of the industrial chain is expected to be reconstructed. In the downward price stage, the downstream wait-and-see mood may intensify, leading to "negative feedback" in the spot market. When the price of soda ash falls to near the cost of ammonia and alkali, downstream enterprises may increase their replenishment efforts, and then the inventory will be transferred from upstream to downstream. Benefiting from the downward trend of raw material prices, the profit of float glass in 2024 may be slightly better than that in 2023. (Author:Futures)